मनु-स्मृतिः
manu-smṛtiḥ
-
chapter-4, verse-246
दृढकारी मृदुर्दान्तः क्रूराचारैरसंवसन ।
अहिंस्रो दमदानाभ्यां जयेत स्वर्गं तथाव्रतः ॥२४६॥
अहिंस्रो दमदानाभ्यां जयेत स्वर्गं तथाव्रतः ॥२४६॥
246. dṛḍhakārī mṛdurdāntaḥ krūrācārairasaṁvasan ,
ahiṁsro damadānābhyāṁ jayet svargaṁ tathāvrataḥ.
ahiṁsro damadānābhyāṁ jayet svargaṁ tathāvrataḥ.
246.
dṛḍhakārī mṛrdāntaḥ krūrācārasaṃvasan ahiṃsro
damadānābhyāṃ jayeta svargaṃ tathāvratāḥ
damadānābhyāṃ jayeta svargaṃ tathāvratāḥ
246.
dṛḍhakārī mṛrdāntaḥ krūrācāraiḥ asanvasan
ahiṃsro tathāvratāḥ damadānābhyāṃ svargaṃ jayeta
ahiṃsro tathāvratāḥ damadānābhyāṃ svargaṃ jayeta
246.
One who acts resolutely, is gentle and self-controlled, does not associate with those of cruel conduct, is non-violent, and practices restraint and generosity, such a one, following these vows, conquers heaven.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- दृढकारी (dṛḍhakārī) - one who acts resolutely or with firm resolve (one who acts firmly)
- मृर्दान्तः (mṛrdāntaḥ) - gentle and self-controlled (gentle and controlled)
- क्रूराचारैस् (krūrācārais) - with those of cruel conduct (by cruel conduct)
- असवसन् (asavasan) - does not associate with (not living together)
- अहिंस्रो (ahiṁsro) - non-violent
- दमदानाभ्यां (damadānābhyāṁ) - by self-control (damas) and charity (dāna) (by restraint and giving)
- जयेत (jayeta) - conquers (may conquer, conquers)
- स्वर्गं (svargaṁ) - heaven
- तथाव्रताः (tathāvratāḥ) - being observant of such vows (following such vows)
Words meanings and morphology
दृढकारी (dṛḍhakārī) - one who acts resolutely or with firm resolve (one who acts firmly)
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of dṛḍhakārī
dṛḍhakārī - one who acts firmly
compound of dṛḍha (firm) and kārī (doer)
Compound type : tatpurusha (dṛḍha+kārī)
- dṛḍha – firm, strong, hard, resolute
adjective (masculine) - kārī – doer, maker
noun (masculine)
from root kṛ (to do) + ṅin suffix
Root: kṛ (class 8)
मृर्दान्तः (mṛrdāntaḥ) - gentle and self-controlled (gentle and controlled)
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of mṛrdāntaḥ
mṛrdāntaḥ - gentle and controlled
compound of mṛdu (soft, gentle) and dānta (controlled)
Compound type : dvandva (mṛdu+dānta)
- mṛdu – soft, gentle, mild
adjective (masculine) - dānta – controlled, subdued, tamed
adjective (masculine)
Past Passive Participle
from root dam (to tame, control)
Root: dam (class 1)
क्रूराचारैस् (krūrācārais) - with those of cruel conduct (by cruel conduct)
(adjective)
Instrumental, masculine, plural of krūrācāra
krūrācāra - of cruel conduct, cruel-natured
compound of krūra (cruel) and ācāra (conduct, behavior)
Compound type : tatpurusha (krūra+ācāra)
- krūra – cruel, harsh, wicked
adjective (masculine) - ācāra – conduct, behavior, custom, practice
noun (masculine)
from root car (to go, to move) + ā prefix
Prefix: ā
Root: car (class 1)
Note: Refers to people who are characterized by cruel conduct.
असवसन् (asavasan) - does not associate with (not living together)
(participle)
Nominative, masculine, singular of asavasan
asavasan - not living together, not associating
Present Active Participle
negation (a) + present active participle of samvas (to live together, to associate)
Prefix: sam
Root: vas (class 1)
Note: Combined with 'krūrācārais' (instrumental plural) to mean 'does not associate with those of cruel conduct'.
अहिंस्रो (ahiṁsro) - non-violent
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of ahiṃsra
ahiṁsra - non-violent, not harming
negation (a) + hiṃsra (harmful, violent)
Root: hiṃs (class 1)
दमदानाभ्यां (damadānābhyāṁ) - by self-control (damas) and charity (dāna) (by restraint and giving)
(noun)
Instrumental, neuter, dual of damadānābhyāṃ
damadānābhyāṁ - by restraint and giving
instrumental dual of damadāna, a dvandva compound
Compound type : dvandva (damas+dāna)
- damas – restraint, self-control, mastery
noun (masculine)
from root dam (to tame, control)
Root: dam (class 1) - dāna – giving, donation, charity
noun (neuter)
from root dā (to give)
Root: dā (class 3)
Note: The dual ending suggests emphasis on these two virtues.
जयेत (jayeta) - conquers (may conquer, conquers)
(verb)
3rd person , active, optative (liṅ) of jayeta
Optative
from root ji (to conquer)
Root: ji (class 1)
Note: The optative mood here expresses a general truth or possibility, functioning similarly to a present indicative in this context.
स्वर्गं (svargaṁ) - heaven
(noun)
Accusative, masculine, singular of svarga
svarga - heaven, paradise, celestial world
तथाव्रताः (tathāvratāḥ) - being observant of such vows (following such vows)
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, plural of tathāvratāḥ
tathāvratāḥ - following such vows
compound of tathā (thus, so) and vratāḥ (vows, observances)
Compound type : tatpurusha (tathā+vratāḥ)
- tathā – thus, so, in that way
indeclinable - vratāḥ – vows, observances, resolutions
noun (neuter)
Note: Agrees with the implied subject of the verse, the one who performs these actions.