मनु-स्मृतिः
manu-smṛtiḥ
-
chapter-4, verse-59
न वारयेद गां धयन्तीं न चाचक्षीत कस्य चित ।
न दिवीन्द्रायुधं दृष्ट्वा कस्य चिद दर्शयेद बुधः ॥५९॥
न दिवीन्द्रायुधं दृष्ट्वा कस्य चिद दर्शयेद बुधः ॥५९॥
59. na vārayed gāṁ dhayantīṁ na cācakṣīta kasya cit ,
na divīndrāyudhaṁ dṛṣṭvā kasya cid darśayed budhaḥ.
na divīndrāyudhaṁ dṛṣṭvā kasya cid darśayed budhaḥ.
59.
na vārayed gām dhayantīm na cācakṣīta kasya cit |
na divīndrāyudhaṃ dṛṣṭvā kasya cid darśayed budhaḥ
na divīndrāyudhaṃ dṛṣṭvā kasya cid darśayed budhaḥ
59.
na kasya cit gām dhayantīm vārayet na ca kasya cit ācakṣīta
na divi indrāyudhaṃ dṛṣṭvā na ca budhaḥ kasya cit darśayet
na divi indrāyudhaṃ dṛṣṭvā na ca budhaḥ kasya cit darśayet
59.
One should not prevent a cow from nursing, nor should one mention it to anyone. Likewise, upon seeing the divine weapon (Indra's thunderbolt) in the sky, a wise person should not show it to anyone.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- न (na) - not, no
- वारयेत् (vārayet) - should prevent, should obstruct
- गाम् (gām) - cow
- ध्यन्तीम् (dhyantīm) - nursing, drinking
- न (na) - not, no
- च (ca) - and, also
- आचक्षीत (ācakṣīta) - should speak, should tell
- कस्य (kasya) - whose, of whom
- चित् (cit) - some, any
- न (na) - not, no
- दिवि (divi) - in the sky, in heaven
- इन्द्रायुधं (indrāyudhaṁ) - Indra's weapon, thunderbolt
- दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen
- कस्य (kasya) - whose, of whom
- चिद् (cid) - some, any
- दर्शयेत् (darśayet) - should show
- बुधः (budhaḥ) - wise person, learned one
Words meanings and morphology
न (na) - not, no
(indeclinable)
वारयेत् (vārayet) - should prevent, should obstruct
(verb)
3rd person , active, optative (liṅ) of vṛ
vidhiliṅ
The suffix -ay- is added to the root. The vidhiliṅ mood indicates a potential or optative sense, often translated as 'should' or 'may'.
Root: vṛ (class 1)
Note: indicates prohibition when used with 'na'
गाम् (gām) - cow
(noun)
Accusative, feminine, singular of go
go - cow, earth, voice, speech, water, arrow
ध्यन्तीम् (dhyantīm) - nursing, drinking
(noun)
Accusative, feminine, singular of dhā
dhā - to put, to place, to hold, to bear, to give, to drink, to nurse
śatṛ
The present active participle suffix -at is added to the root. The feminine form is derived by adding -ī.
Root: dhā (class 3)
Note: acting as an adjective to 'gām'
न (na) - not, no
(indeclinable)
च (ca) - and, also
(indeclinable)
Note: connects with the preceding 'na'
आचक्षीत (ācakṣīta) - should speak, should tell
(verb)
3rd person , active, optative (liṅ) of cakṣ
ā-cakṣ, vidhiliṅ
The prefix ā- is added to the root cakṣ. The vidhiliṅ mood indicates a potential or optative sense, often translated as 'should' or 'may'.
Prefix: ā
Root: cakṣ (class 2)
Note: indicates prohibition when used with 'na'
कस्य (kasya) - whose, of whom
(pronoun)
Genitive, masculine, singular of ka
ka - who, what, which
चित् (cit) - some, any
(indeclinable)
Note: forms 'kasya cit' meaning 'to someone'
न (na) - not, no
(indeclinable)
दिवि (divi) - in the sky, in heaven
(noun)
Locative, masculine, singular of div
div - sky, heaven, day, to play, to shine
इन्द्रायुधं (indrāyudhaṁ) - Indra's weapon, thunderbolt
(noun)
Accusative, neuter, singular of indrāyudha
indrāyudha - Indra's weapon, thunderbolt
Compound type : tatpurusha (indra+āyudha)
- indra – Indra, king of the gods, lord of the heavens
proper noun (masculine) - āyudha – weapon, arm
noun (neuter)
दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen
(indeclinable)
ktvā
The kvā (after) suffix is added to the root to form an absolutiv (gerund).
Root: dṛś (class 2)
Note: absolutive, indicates action prior to the main verb
कस्य (kasya) - whose, of whom
(pronoun)
Genitive, masculine, singular of ka
ka - who, what, which
चिद् (cid) - some, any
(indeclinable)
Note: forms 'kasya cit' meaning 'to someone'
दर्शयेत् (darśayet) - should show
(verb)
3rd person , active, optative (liṅ) of dṛś
causative, vidhiliṅ
The causative form of the root dṛś is formed with -ay-. The vidhiliṅ mood indicates a potential or optative sense, often translated as 'should' or 'may'.
Root: dṛś (class 2)
Note: indicates prohibition when used with 'na'
बुधः (budhaḥ) - wise person, learned one
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of budh
budh - to know, to understand, to be aware, wise person
Root: budh (class 1)