मनु-स्मृतिः
manu-smṛtiḥ
-
chapter-4, verse-242
तस्माद धर्मं सहायार्थं नित्यं सञ्चिनुयात्शनैः ।
धर्मेण हि सहायेन तमस्तरति दुस्तरम ॥२४२॥
धर्मेण हि सहायेन तमस्तरति दुस्तरम ॥२४२॥
242. tasmād dharmaṁ sahāyārthaṁ nityaṁ sañcinuyātśanaiḥ ,
dharmeṇa hi sahāyena tamastarati dustaram.
dharmeṇa hi sahāyena tamastarati dustaram.
242.
tasmāt dharmam sahāyārtham nityam sañcinuyāt
śanaiḥ dharmēṇa hi sahāyēna tamas tarati dustaram
śanaiḥ dharmēṇa hi sahāyēna tamas tarati dustaram
242.
tasmāt nityam śanaiḥ dharmam sahāyārtham sañcinuyāt
hi dharmēṇa sahāyēna dustaram tamas tarati
hi dharmēṇa sahāyēna dustaram tamas tarati
242.
Therefore, one should always gradually accumulate [dharma] (righteousness/merit) as a companion. Indeed, with [dharma] (righteousness/merit) as a companion, one crosses the insurmountable darkness.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- तस्मात् (tasmāt) - Therefore (from that, therefore)
- धर्मम् (dharmam) - [dharma] (righteousness/merit) (duty, virtue, law, righteousness)
- सहायार्थम् (sahāyārtham) - as a companion (for the sake of a companion, for help)
- नित्यम् (nityam) - always (always, constantly, eternal)
- सञ्चिनुयात् (sañcinuyāt) - should accumulate (should accumulate, should collect)
- शनैः (śanaiḥ) - gradually (slowly, gradually)
- धर्मेण (dharmēṇa) - by [dharma] (righteousness/merit) (by virtue, by duty, by law, by righteousness)
- हि (hi) - Indeed (indeed, surely, for)
- सहायेन (sahāyēna) - as a companion (by help, by a companion)
- तमस् (tamas) - darkness (darkness, gloom, ignorance)
- तरति (tarati) - crosses (crosses, overcomes, goes beyond)
- दुस्तरम् (dustaram) - insurmountable (difficult to cross, insurmountable)
Words meanings and morphology
तस्मात् (tasmāt) - Therefore (from that, therefore)
(pronoun)
Ablative, masculine, singular of tad
tad - that, he, she, it, this
Note: used adverbially to mean 'therefore'
धर्मम् (dharmam) - [dharma] (righteousness/merit) (duty, virtue, law, righteousness)
(noun)
Accusative, masculine, singular of dharma
dharma - duty, virtue, religion, law, nature, characteristic, quality, merit, righteousness
from the root dhṛ 'to hold, to support'
Root: dhṛ (class 1)
सहायार्थम् (sahāyārtham) - as a companion (for the sake of a companion, for help)
(noun)
Accusative, masculine, singular of sahāyārtha
sahāyārtha - for the sake of help, for a companion
compound: sahayā (help, companion) + artha (purpose, for the sake of)
Compound type : tatpurusha (sahāya+artha)
- sahāya – help, aid, assistance, companion, ally
noun (masculine) - artha – aim, purpose, cause, meaning, wealth
noun (masculine)
Note: compound noun
नित्यम् (nityam) - always (always, constantly, eternal)
(indeclinable)
from the root ni 'to lead' or niṣ 'to be fixed'
Root: ni (class 2)
Note: adverb
सञ्चिनुयात् (sañcinuyāt) - should accumulate (should accumulate, should collect)
(verb)
3rd person , singular, active, potential (liṭ) of sañci
Potential Mood
from the root ci 'to gather, to collect' with prefix sam 'together'
Prefix: sam
Root: ci (class 3)
शनैः (śanaiḥ) - gradually (slowly, gradually)
(indeclinable)
Note: adverb
धर्मेण (dharmēṇa) - by [dharma] (righteousness/merit) (by virtue, by duty, by law, by righteousness)
(noun)
Instrumental, masculine, singular of dharma
dharma - duty, virtue, religion, law, nature, characteristic, quality, merit, righteousness
from the root dhṛ 'to hold, to support'
Root: dhṛ (class 1)
हि (hi) - Indeed (indeed, surely, for)
(indeclinable)
Note: emphasizing particle
सहायेन (sahāyēna) - as a companion (by help, by a companion)
(noun)
Instrumental, masculine, singular of sahāya
sahāya - help, aid, assistance, companion, ally
तमस् (tamas) - darkness (darkness, gloom, ignorance)
(noun)
Accusative, neuter, singular of tamas
tamas - darkness, gloom, ignorance, obscurity, one of the three gunas
तरति (tarati) - crosses (crosses, overcomes, goes beyond)
(verb)
3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of tṛ
Present Tense
root class 1.1
Root: tṛ (class 1)
दुस्तरम् (dustaram) - insurmountable (difficult to cross, insurmountable)
(adjective)
Accusative, neuter, singular of dustara
dustara - difficult to cross, hard to overcome, formidable
from the prefix dus 'difficult, bad' + the root tṛ 'to cross'
Compound type : tatpurusha (dus+tara)
- dus – bad, difficult, ill, hard
indeclinable - tara – crossing, surpassing, beyond
adjective (masculine)
Comparative Suffix
from the root tṛ 'to cross'
Root: tṛ (class 1)