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मनु-स्मृतिः       manu-smṛtiḥ - chapter-4

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चतुर्थमायुषो भागमुषित्वाऽद्यं गुरौ द्विजाः ।
द्वितीयमायुषो भागं कृतदारो गृहे वसेत ॥१॥
1. caturthamāyuṣo bhāgamuṣitvā'dyaṁ gurau dvijāḥ ,
dvitīyamāyuṣo bhāgaṁ kṛtadāro gṛhe vaset.
1. caturthamāyuṣo bhāgamusiṭvā'dyaṁ gurau dvijāḥ
| dvitīyamāyuṣo bhāgaṁ kṛtadāro gṛhe vaseta
1. After having lived the first quarter of one's life with a teacher (guru), the twice-born (dvija) should then, having established a family, live the second quarter of life at home.
अद्रोहेणैव भूतानामल्पद्रोहेण वा पुनः ।
या वृत्तिस्तां समास्थाय विप्रो जीवेदनापदि ॥२॥
2. adroheṇaiva bhūtānāmalpadroheṇa vā punaḥ ,
yā vṛttistāṁ samāsthāya vipro jīvedanāpadi.
2. adroheṇaiva bhūtānāmalpadroheṇa vā punaḥ |
yā vṛttistāṁ samāsthāya vipro jīvedanāpadi
2. By acting without malice towards beings, or with minimal malice, a twice-born (vipra) should maintain that way of life in times of distress.
यात्रामात्रप्रसिद्ध्यर्थं स्वैः कर्मभिरगर्हितैः ।
अक्लेशेन शरीरस्य कुर्वीत धनसञ्चयम ॥३॥
3. yātrāmātraprasiddhyarthaṁ svaiḥ karmabhiragarhitaiḥ ,
akleśena śarīrasya kurvīta dhanasañcayam.
3. yātrāmātraprasiddhyarthaṃ svaiḥ karmabhiragarhitaiḥ
| akeśena śarīrasya kurbīta dhanasañcayam
3. For the purpose of mere sustenance, one should accumulate wealth through one's own blameless actions, without causing distress to the body.
ऋतामृताभ्यां जीवेत तु मृतेन प्रमृतेन वा ।
सत्यानृताभ्यामपि वा न श्ववृत्त्या कदा चन ॥४॥
4. ṛtāmṛtābhyāṁ jīvet tu mṛtena pramṛtena vā ,
satyānṛtābhyāmapi vā na śvavṛttyā kadā cana.
4. ṛtāmṛtābhyāṃ jīveta tu mṛtena pramṛtena vā |
satyānṛtābhyāmapi vā na śvavr̥ttyā kadā cana
4. One should live by 'ṛta' (truthful earning) and 'amṛta' (unasked charity), or by 'mṛta' (asked alms) or 'pramṛta' (agriculture), or even by 'satyanṛta' (trade), but never by a dog's livelihood (begging).
ऋतमुञ्छशिलं ज्ञेयममृतं स्यादयाचितम ।
मृतं तु याचितं भैक्षं प्रमृतं कर्षणं स्मृतम ॥५॥
5. ṛtamuñchaśilaṁ jñeyamamṛtaṁ syādayācitam ,
mṛtaṁ tu yācitaṁ bhaikṣaṁ pramṛtaṁ karṣaṇaṁ smṛtam.
5. ṛtaṃ uñchaśilaṃ jñeyam amṛtaṃ syād ayācitam |
mṛtaṃ tu yācitaṃ bhaikṣaṃ pramṛtaṃ karṣaṇaṃ smṛtam
5. 'Ṛta' (truthful earning) is known as gleaning (uñcha), 'amṛta' (unasked charity) is that which is unasked. 'Mṛta' (asked alms) is begging, and 'pramṛta' (agriculture) is remembered as cultivation.
सत्यानृतं तु वाणिज्यं तेन चैवापि जीव्यते ।
सेवा श्ववृत्तिराख्याता तस्मात तां परिवर्जयेत ॥६॥
6. satyānṛtaṁ tu vāṇijyaṁ tena caivāpi jīvyate ,
sevā śvavṛttirākhyātā tasmāt tāṁ parivarjayet.
6. satyānṛtaṃ tu vāṇijyaṃ tena ca evāpi jīvyate |
sevā śvavr̥ttir ākhyātā tasmāt tāṃ parivarjayet
6. Trade ('satyanṛta') is commerce, and one lives by it; service is called a dog's livelihood (begging), therefore one should avoid it.
कुसूलधान्यको वा स्यात कुम्भीधान्यक एव वा ।
त्र्यहेहिको वाऽपि भवेदश्वस्तनिक एव वा ॥७॥
7. kusūladhānyako vā syāt kumbhīdhānyaka eva vā ,
tryahehiko vā'pi bhavedaśvastanika eva vā.
7. kusūladhānyako vā syāt kumbhīdhānyaka eva vā
tryahegiko vāpi bhaved aśvastanika eva vā
7. kusūladhānyako vā syāt kumbhīdhānyaka eva vā
tryahegiko vāpi bhaved aśvastanika eva vā
7. He may be one who stores grain in a granary (kusūladhānyaka), or one who stores grain in a pot (kumbhīdhānyaka). He may also be one who has provisions for three days (tryahehika), or one who has provisions for the next day (aśvastanika).
चतुर्णामपि चैतेषां द्विजानां गृहमेधिनाम ।
ज्यायान परः परो ज्ञेयो धर्मतो लोकजित्तमः ॥८॥
8. caturṇāmapi caiteṣāṁ dvijānāṁ gṛhamedhinām ,
jyāyān paraḥ paro jñeyo dharmato lokajittamaḥ.
8. catūrṇāmapi caitēṣāṃ dvijānāṃ gr̥hamedhinām
jyāyān paraḥ paraḥ jñēyo dharmato lokajittamaḥ
8. caitēṣāṃ caturṇām api dvijānām gr̥hamedhinām
paraḥ jyāyān paraḥ jñēyaḥ dharmataḥ lokajittamaḥ
8. Of these four householder twice-born (dvijāḥ), each succeeding one is considered greater than the one before him, in terms of spiritual law (dharma) and in conquering the worlds (lokajit).
षट्कर्मैको भवत्येषां त्रिभिरन्यः प्रवर्तते ।
द्वाभ्यामेकश्चतुर्थस्तु ब्रह्मसत्त्रेण जीवति ॥९॥
9. ṣaṭkarmaiko bhavatyeṣāṁ tribhiranyaḥ pravartate ,
dvābhyāmekaścaturthastu brahmasattreṇa jīvati.
9. ṣaṭkarmaiko bhavaty eṣāṃ tribhir anyaḥ pravartate
dvābhyām ekaś caturthastu brahmasattreṇa jīvati
9. eṣāṃ ṣaṭkarmaiko bhavaty anyaḥ tribhir pravartate
ekaḥ dvābhyām caturthaḥ tu brahmasattreṇa jīvati
9. One of them lives by performing the six duties (ṣaṭkarma), another thrives by three, one lives by two, and the fourth sustains himself through Vedic knowledge (brahmasattra).
वर्तयंश्च शिलौञ्छाभ्यामग्निहोत्रपरायणः ।
इष्टीः पार्वायणान्तीयाः केवला निर्वपेत सदा ॥१०॥
10. vartayaṁśca śilauñchābhyāmagnihotraparāyaṇaḥ ,
iṣṭīḥ pārvāyaṇāntīyāḥ kevalā nirvapet sadā.
10. vartayaṃś ca śilauñchābhyām agnihotraparyayaṇaḥ
iṣṭīḥ pārvāyaṇāntīyāḥ kevalā nirvapet sadā
10. śilauñchābhyām vartayaṃś ca agnihotraparyayaṇaḥ
kevalā pārvāyaṇāntīyāḥ iṣṭīḥ sadā nirvapet
10. Maintaining himself through gleaning grains (śilauñchā) and the like, and devoted to the fire ritual (agnihotra), he should always perform only the Parāyaṇa and Antīya sacrifices (iṣṭīḥ).
न लोकवृत्तं वर्तेत वृत्तिहेतोः कथं चन ।
अजिह्मामशथां शुद्धां जीवेद ब्राह्मणजीविकाम ॥११॥
11. na lokavṛttaṁ varteta vṛttihetoḥ kathaṁ cana ,
ajihmāmaśathāṁ śuddhāṁ jīved brāhmaṇajīvikām.
11. na lokavṛttaṃ varteta vṛttihetoḥ kathaṃ cana
ajihmāmaśathāṃ śuddhāṃ jīved brāhmaṇajīvikām
11. brāhmaṇajīvikām ajihmāmaśathāṃ śuddhāṃ na
kathaṃ cana vṛttihetoḥ lokavṛttaṃ varteta jīved
11. One should not live by any means for livelihood in a way that goes against the ways of the world. One should live a brahmin's life, which is straightforward, honest, and pure.
संतोषं परमास्थाय सुखार्थी संयतो भवेत ।
संतोषमूलं हि सुखं दुःखमूलं विपर्ययः ॥१२॥
12. saṁtoṣaṁ paramāsthāya sukhārthī saṁyato bhavet ,
saṁtoṣamūlaṁ hi sukhaṁ duḥkhamūlaṁ viparyayaḥ.
12. saṃtoṣaṃ paramāsthāya sukhārthī saṃyato bhavet
saṃtoṣamūlaṃ hi sukhaṃ duḥkhamūlaṃ viparyayaḥ
12. sukhausārthī saṃtoṣaṃ paramāsthāya saṃyato bhavet
hi saṃtoṣamūlaṃ sukhaṃ duḥkhamūlaṃ viparyayaḥ
12. One who desires happiness should cultivate contentment and self-control. Indeed, contentment is the root of happiness, and its opposite is the root of suffering.
अतोऽन्यतमया वृत्त्या जीवंस्तु स्नातको द्विजः ।
स्वर्गायुष्ययशस्यानि व्रताणीमानि धारयेत ॥१३॥
13. ato'nyatamayā vṛttyā jīvaṁstu snātako dvijaḥ ,
svargāyuṣyayaśasyāni vratāṇīmāni dhārayet.
13. ataḥ anyatatamayā vṛttyā jīvanstu snātako
dvijaḥ svargāyuṣyaśasyāni vratānīmāni dhārayet
13. snātakaḥ dvijaḥ ataḥ anyatatamayā vṛttyā jīvanstu
svargāyuṣyaśasyāni imāni vratāni dhārayet
13. Thus, a twice-born person (dvija) who has completed his student life should live by any other means (than those forbidden). He should observe these vows that lead to heaven, long life, and fame.
वेदोदितं स्वकं कर्म नित्यं कुर्यादतन्द्रितः ।
तद हि कुर्वन यथाशक्ति प्राप्नोति परमां गतिम ॥१४॥
14. vedoditaṁ svakaṁ karma nityaṁ kuryādatandritaḥ ,
tad hi kurvan yathāśakti prāpnoti paramāṁ gatim.
14. vedoditaṃ svakaṃ karma nityaṃ kuryād atandritaḥ
tad hi kurvan yathāśakti prāpnoti paramāṃ gatim
14. atandritaḥ nityaṃ svakaṃ karma vedoditaṃ hi
kurvan tad yathāśakti paramāṃ gatim prāpnoti
14. One should constantly and diligently perform the duties prescribed by the Vedas. By performing these duties with all one's strength, one attains the highest goal.
नैहेतार्थान प्रसङ्गेन न विरुद्धेन कर्मणा ।
न विद्यमानेष्वर्थेषु नार्त्यामपि यतस्ततः ॥१५॥
15. naihetārthān prasaṅgena na viruddhena karmaṇā ,
na vidyamāneṣvartheṣu nārtyāmapi yatastataḥ.
15. na ihe arthān prasaṅgena na viruddhena karmaṇā na
vidyamāneṣu artheṣu na āartyām api yatas tataḥ
15. One should not pursue desires that arise from excessive attachment, nor through actions that are contrary to dharma (innate constitution), nor by seeking things that are not attainable, nor even when distressed, for these reasons.
इन्द्रियार्थेषु सर्वेषु न प्रसज्येत कामतः ।
अतिप्रसक्तिं चैतेषां मनसा संनिवर्तयेत ॥१६॥
16. indriyārtheṣu sarveṣu na prasajyeta kāmataḥ ,
atiprasaktiṁ caiteṣāṁ manasā saṁnivartayet.
16. indriyārtheṣu sarveṣu na prasaṅgyeta kāmataḥ
atiprasaktiṃ ca eteiṣām manasā saṃnivartayet
16. One should not be attached with desire to any of the objects of the senses. And one should restrain such excessive attachment to them through the mind.
सर्वान परित्यजेदर्थान स्वाध्यायस्य विरोधिनः ।
यथा तथाऽध्यापयंस्तु सा ह्यस्य कृतकृत्यता ॥१७॥
17. sarvān parityajedarthān svādhyāyasya virodhinaḥ ,
yathā tathā'dhyāpayaṁstu sā hyasya kṛtakṛtyatā.
17. sarvān parityajet arthān svādhyāyasyavirodhinaḥ
yathā tathā adhyāpayaṃstu sā hy asya kṛtakṛtyatā
17. One should abandon all objects (of desire) that are opposed to one's scriptural study (svādhyāya). In this way, by teaching (what has been studied), that indeed is his accomplishment.
वयसः कर्मणोऽर्थस्य श्रुतस्याभिजनस्य च ।
वेषवाग्बुद्धिसारूप्यमाचरन विचरेदिह ॥१८॥
18. vayasaḥ karmaṇo'rthasya śrutasyābhijanasya ca ,
veṣavāgbuddhisārūpyamācaran vicarediha.
18. vayasaḥ karmaṇaḥ arthasya śrutasya abhijanasya
ca veṣavāg buddhisārūpyam ācaran vicared iha
18. One should act and move in this world, exhibiting consistency in appearance, speech, and intellect, with regard to one's age, actions, purpose, learning, and lineage.
बुद्धिवृद्धिकराण्याशु धन्यानि च हितानि च ।
नित्यं शास्त्राण्यवेक्षेत निगमांश्चैव वैदिकान ॥१९॥
19. buddhivṛddhikarāṇyāśu dhanyāni ca hitāni ca ,
nityaṁ śāstrāṇyavekṣeta nigamāṁścaiva vaidikān.
19. buddhivṛddhikaraṇyāśu dhanyāni ca hitāni ca
nityaṃ śāstrāṇyavēkṣēta nigamāṃścai vavaidikan
19. śāstrāṇi ca hitāni ca dhanyāni ca buddhivṛddhikaraṇyāśu
ca vaidikan nigamāṃś ca nityaṃ avēkṣēta
19. One should constantly study scriptures that quickly enhance intelligence, are beneficial, and are virtuous, as well as Vedic texts.
यथा यथा हि पुरुषः शास्त्रं समधिगच्छति ।
तथा तथा विजानाति विज्ञानं चास्य रोचते ॥२०॥
20. yathā yathā hi puruṣaḥ śāstraṁ samadhigacchati ,
tathā tathā vijānāti vijñānaṁ cāsya rocate.
20. yathā yathā hi puruṣaḥ śāstraṃ samadhigacchati
tathā tathā vijānāti vijñānaṃ cāsya rōcatē
20. hi puruṣaḥ yathā yathā śāstraṃ samadhigacchati
tathā tathā vijānāti cāsya vijñānaṃ rōcatē
20. As a person progressively understands scripture, so does their understanding grow, and knowledge becomes pleasing to them.
ऋषियज्ञं देवयज्ञं भूतयज्ञं च सर्वदा ।
नृयज्ञं पितृयज्ञं च यथाशक्ति न हापयेत ॥२१॥
21. ṛṣiyajñaṁ devayajñaṁ bhūtayajñaṁ ca sarvadā ,
nṛyajñaṁ pitṛyajñaṁ ca yathāśakti na hāpayet.
21. r̥ṣiyajñaṃ dēvayajñaṃ bhūtayajñaṃ ca sarvadā
nr̥yajñaṃ pitr̥yajñaṃ ca yathāśakti na hāpayēta
21. sarvadā yathāśakti r̥ṣiyajñaṃ dēvayajñaṃ
bhūtayajñaṃ nr̥yajñaṃ pitr̥yajñaṃ ca na hāpayēta
21. One should never neglect the Vedic ritual (yajña) of sages, the Vedic ritual (yajña) of gods, the Vedic ritual (yajña) of beings, the Vedic ritual (yajña) of humans, and the Vedic ritual (yajña) of ancestors, according to one's ability.
एतानेके महायज्ञान यज्ञशास्त्रविदो जनाः ।
अनीहमानाः सततमिन्द्रियेष्वेव जुह्वति ॥२२॥
22. etāneke mahāyajñān yajñaśāstravido janāḥ ,
anīhamānāḥ satatamindriyeṣveva juhvati.
22. ētānakē mahāyajñāna yajñaśāstravidō janāḥ
anīhamānāḥ satatamindriyēṣvēva juhvati
22. yajnaśāstravidaḥ janāḥ anīhamānāḥ satatam
mahāyajñānaḥ ēte ētāni indriyēṣu eva juhvati
22. Those people who are learned in the scriptures of Vedic ritual (yajña) and are not desirous (of worldly things), constantly offer these great Vedic rituals (yajña) in the senses themselves.
वाच्येके जुह्वति प्राणं प्राणे वाचं च सर्वदा ।
वाचि प्राणे च पश्यन्तो यज्ञनिर्वृत्तिमक्षयाम ॥२३॥
23. vācyeke juhvati prāṇaṁ prāṇe vācaṁ ca sarvadā ,
vāci prāṇe ca paśyanto yajñanirvṛttimakṣayām.
23. vāci eke juhvati prāṇaṃ prāṇe vācaṃ ca sarvadā
| vāci prāṇe ca paśyanto yajñanirvṛttim akṣayām
23. Some always offer breath (prāṇa) into speech (vāc), and speech into breath (prāṇa), seeing in speech and breath (the means for) unending Vedic ritual (yajña).
ज्ञानेनैवापरे विप्रा यजन्त्येतैर्मखैः सदा ।
ज्ञानमूलां क्रियामेषां पश्यन्तो ज्ञानचक्षुषा ॥२४॥
24. jñānenaivāpare viprā yajantyetairmakhaiḥ sadā ,
jñānamūlāṁ kriyāmeṣāṁ paśyanto jñānacakṣuṣā.
24. jñānena eva apare viprā yajanti etaiḥ makhaiḥ sadā
| jñānamūlāṃ kriyām eṣām paśyanto jñānacakṣuṣā
24. Other wise ones (vipra), by knowledge alone, always perform Vedic rituals (yajña) with these offerings (makha). Seeing that their action (kriyā) is rooted in knowledge, through the eye of knowledge (jñāna-cakṣuṣā).
अग्निहोत्रं च जुहुयादाद्यन्ते द्युनिशोः सदा ।
दर्शेन चार्धमासान्ते पौर्णमासेन चैव हि ॥२५॥
25. agnihotraṁ ca juhuyādādyante dyuniśoḥ sadā ,
darśena cārdhamāsānte paurṇamāsena caiva hi.
25. agnihotraṃ ca juhuyāt ādyante dyuniśoḥ sadā |
darśena ca ardhamāsānte paurṇamāsena ca eva hi
25. One should always perform the Agnihotra fire ritual (agnihotra) at the beginning and end of day and night. And with the Darśa ritual at the end of the half-month, and with the Paurṇamāsa ritual at the full moon, indeed.
सस्यान्ते नवसस्येष्ट्या तथार्तुअन्ते द्विजोऽध्वरैः ।
पशुना त्वयनस्यादौ समान्ते सौमिकैर्मखैः ॥२६॥
26. sasyānte navasasyeṣṭyā tathārtuante dvijo'dhvaraiḥ ,
paśunā tvayanasyādau samānte soṁikairmakhaiḥ.
26. sasyānte navasasyestiā tathā ṛtu ante dvijaḥ adbhiraiḥ
| paśunā tu ayanasyādou samānte saumikaiḥ makhaiḥ
26. At the end of the harvest, with the offering of new grain; similarly, at the end of the season, a twice-born (dvija) performs Vedic rituals (adhvara). And at the beginning of the year (ayana), with a victim (paśu), and at the end of the year (samā), with Soma-based Vedic rituals (maḵha).
नानिष्ट्वा नवसस्येष्ट्या पशुना चाग्निमान द्विजः ।
नवान्नमद्यात्मांसं वा दीर्घमायुर्जिजीविषुः ॥२७॥
27. nāniṣṭvā navasasyeṣṭyā paśunā cāgnimān dvijaḥ ,
navānnamadyātmāṁsaṁ vā dīrghamāyurjijīviṣuḥ.
27. na iṣṭvā navasasyēṣṭyā paśunā ca agnimān dvijaḥ
navam annam adyāt ātmāṁsaṁ vā dīrgham āyuḥ jijīviṣuḥ
27. A twice-born person (dvija) who desires a long life (dīrgham āyuḥ) should not eat new grain, new produce (navasasyēṣṭyā), or meat obtained from animals (paśunā), after establishing the sacred fire (agnimān) and performing the required Vedic ritual (iṣṭvā).
नवेनानर्चिता ह्यस्य पशुहव्येन चाग्नयः ।
प्राणानेवात्तुमिच्छन्ति नवान्नामिषगर्धिनः ॥२८॥
28. navenānarcitā hyasya paśuhavyena cāgnayaḥ ,
prāṇānevāttumicchanti navānnāmiṣagardhinaḥ.
28. na anarcitā hi asya paśuhavyēna ca agnayaḥ
prāṇān eva āttum icchanti navānnāmiṣagardhinaḥ
28. Indeed, for him whose fires (agnayaḥ) have not been worshipped with new grain (navēna) and animal offerings (paśuhavyēna), the gods (agnayaḥ) desire to consume his vital breaths (prāṇān), as they are greedy for new food and meat (navānnāmiṣagardhinaḥ).
आसनाशनशय्याभिरद्भिर्मूलफलेन वा ।
नास्य कश्चिद वसेद गेहे शक्तितोऽनर्चितोऽतिथिः ॥२९॥
29. āsanāśanaśayyābhiradbhirmūlaphalena vā ,
nāsya kaścid vased gehe śaktito'narcito'tithiḥ.
29. āsanāśanaśayyābhiradbhir mūlaphalēna vā na asya
kaścit vasēt gēhē śaktitaḥ anarcitaḥ atithiḥ
29. No guest (atithi) should stay in a person's house (gēhē) if, according to their capacity (śaktitaḥ), they have not been honored with seating (āsanaiḥ), food (aśanaiḥ), bedding (śayyābhiḥ), water (adbhiḥ), or fruit and roots (mūlaphalēna), or by other means (vā).
पाषण्डिनो विकर्मस्थान बैडालव्रतिकान शठान ।
हैतुकान बकवृत्तींश्च वाङ्मात्रेणापि नार्चयेत ॥३०॥
30. pāṣaṇḍino vikarmasthān baiḍālavratikān śaṭhān ,
haitukān bakavṛttīṁśca vāṅmātreṇāpi nārcayet.
30. pāṣaṇḍinaḥ vikarmasthān baiḍālavratikān śaṭhān
haitukān baka-vr̥ttīṁś ca vān-mātrēṇa api na arcayet
30. One should not honor, even with words alone (vān mātrēṇāpi), those who are heretics (pāṣaṇḍinaḥ), those engaged in forbidden actions (vikarma-sthān), those who practice deception like cats (baiḍālavratikān), the wicked (śaṭhān), the sophists (haitukān), or those who act deceitfully like cranes (baka-vr̥ttīṁś ca).
वेदविद्याव्रतस्नातांश्रोत्रियान गृहमेधिनः ।
पूजयेद हव्यकव्येन विपरीतांश्च वर्जयेत ॥३१॥
31. vedavidyāvratasnātāṁśrotriyān gṛhamedhinaḥ ,
pūjayed havyakavyena viparītāṁśca varjayet.
31. vedavidyāvrata snātā śrotriyān gṛhamedhinaḥ
pūjayed havya kavyena viparītāṃś ca varjayet
31. One should honor householders who are learned in the Vedas, have observed vows, are proficient in Vedic studies, and are righteous, by offering them oblations and libations. Those who are the opposite should be avoided.
शक्तितोऽपचमानेभ्यो दातव्यं गृहमेधिना ।
संविभागश्च भूतेभ्यः कर्तव्योऽनुपरोधतः ॥३२॥
32. śaktito'pacamānebhyo dātavyaṁ gṛhamedhinā ,
saṁvibhāgaśca bhūtebhyaḥ kartavyo'nuparodhataḥ.
32. śaktitaḥ apacamānebhyaḥ dātavyaṃ gṛhamedhinā
saṃvibhāgaḥ ca bhūtebhyaḥ kartavyo anuparodhato
32. Householders should give according to their capacity to those who are unable to serve themselves. Distribution to all beings should be done without causing distress.
राजतो धनमन्विच्छेत संसीदन स्नातकः क्षुधा ।
याज्यान्तेवासिनोर्वाऽपि न त्वन्यत इति स्थितिः ॥३३॥
33. rājato dhanamanvicchet saṁsīdan snātakaḥ kṣudhā ,
yājyāntevāsinorvā'pi na tvanyata iti sthitiḥ.
33. rājataḥ dhanam anviccheta saṃsīdano snātakaḥ kṣudhā
yājyān tevāsinoḥ vā api na tu anyataḥ iti sthitiḥ
33. A student who is starving should seek wealth from the king, or from those qualified to be ritually served (yajya), or from his own disciples, but not from others. This is the established rule.
न सीदेत स्नातको विप्रः क्षुधा शक्तः कथं चन ।
न जीर्णमलवद्वासा भवेच्च विभवे सति ॥३४॥
34. na sīdet snātako vipraḥ kṣudhā śaktaḥ kathaṁ cana ,
na jīrṇamalavadvāsā bhavecca vibhave sati.
34. na sīdet snātako vipraḥ kṣudhā śaktaḥ kathaṃ cana
na jīrṇa malavad vāsaḥ bhavet ca vibhavē sati
34. A learned Brahmin student (snātaka) should not suffer from hunger, if he is capable in any way. And if he has wealth, he should not wear old, dirty clothes.
कॢप्तकेशनखश्मश्रुर्दान्तः शुक्लाम्बरः शुचिः ।
स्वाध्याये चैव युक्तः स्यान्नित्यमात्महितेषु च ॥३५॥
35. kḷptakeśanakhaśmaśrurdāntaḥ śuklāmbaraḥ śuciḥ ,
svādhyāye caiva yuktaḥ syānnityamātmahiteṣu ca.
35. kḷpta-keśa-akha-maśrur-dāntaḥ śuklāmbaraḥ śuciḥ |
svādhyāye ca-eva yuktaḥ syāt-nityam-ātma-hiteṣu ca
35. One should maintain their hair, nails, and beard, be restrained, wear white garments, and be pure. They should always be engaged in self-study and in actions that benefit the self.
वैणवीं धारयेद यष्टिं सोदकं च कमण्डलुम ।
यज्ञोपवीतं वेदं च शुभं रौक्मे च कुण्डले ॥३६॥
36. vaiṇavīṁ dhārayed yaṣṭiṁ sodakaṁ ca kamaṇḍalum ,
yajñopavītaṁ vedaṁ ca śubhaṁ raukme ca kuṇḍale.
36. vaiṇavīm dhārayed-yaṣṭim so-dakām ca kamaṇḍalum
| yajñopavītam vedam ca śubham raukme ca kuṇḍale
36. One should carry a staff made of bamboo, a water pot (kamandalu), a sacred thread (yajñopavīta), the Vedas, and auspicious golden earrings.
नेक्षेतोद्यन्तमादित्यं नास्तं यान्तं कदा चन ।
नोपसृष्टं न वारिस्थं न मध्यं नभसो गतम ॥३७॥
37. nekṣetodyantamādityaṁ nāstaṁ yāntaṁ kadā cana ,
nopasṛṣṭaṁ na vāristhaṁ na madhyaṁ nabhaso gatam.
37. na-īkṣeta-udiyam-ādityam na-āstam yāntam kadā cana |
na-upasṛṣṭam na vāri-stham na madhyam nabhasaḥ gatam
37. One should never look at the rising sun, nor at the setting sun, nor at one that is obscured, nor one that is in water, nor one that has reached the middle of the sky.
न लङ्घयेद वत्सतन्त्रीं न प्रधावेच्च वर्षति ।
न चोदके निरीक्षेत स्वरूपमिति धारणा ॥३८॥
38. na laṅghayed vatsatantrīṁ na pradhāvecca varṣati ,
na codake nirīkṣeta svarūpamiti dhāraṇā.
38. na laṅghayed-vatsa-tantrīm na pra-dhāvec ca varṣati
| na ca-udake nir-īkṣeta svarūpam-iti dhāraṇā
38. One should not step over a calf-rope, nor run during rainfall. One should not look at their reflection in water. This is the understanding.
मृदं गां दैवतं विप्रं घृतं मधु चतुष्पथम ।
प्रदक्षिणानि कुर्वीत प्रज्ञातांश्च वनस्पतीन ॥३९॥
39. mṛdaṁ gāṁ daivataṁ vipraṁ ghṛtaṁ madhu catuṣpatham ,
pradakṣiṇāni kurvīta prajñātāṁśca vanaspatīn.
39. mṛdaṃ gāṃ daivataṃ vipraṃ ghṛtaṃ madhu catuṣpatham
| pradakṣiṇāni kurbīta prajñātāṃśca vanaspatīn
39. mṛdaṃ gāṃ daivataṃ vipraṃ ghṛtaṃ madhu catuṣpatham
prajñātāṃśca vanaspatīn pradakṣiṇāni kurbīta
39. One should circumambulate with awareness a clod of earth, a cow, a Brahmin, ghee, honey, a crossroads, and well-known trees.
नोपगच्छेत प्रमत्तोऽपि स्त्रियमार्तवदर्शने ।
समानशयने चैव न शयीत तया सह ॥४०॥
40. nopagacchet pramatto'pi striyamārtavadarśane ,
samānaśayane caiva na śayīta tayā saha.
40. nopagacchet pramatto.
api striyamārtavadarśane | samānaśayane caiva na śayīta tayā saha
40. pramattaḥ api na nopagacchet striyam ārtavadarśane
ca eva samānaśayane tayā saha na śayīta
40. Even if careless, one should not approach a woman when she is menstruating, nor should one sleep with her in the same bed.
रजसाऽभिप्लुतां नारीं नरस्य ह्युपगच्छतः ।
प्रज्ञा तेजो बलं चक्षुरायुश्चैव प्रहीयते ॥४१॥
41. rajasā'bhiplutāṁ nārīṁ narasya hyupagacchataḥ ,
prajñā tejo balaṁ cakṣurāyuścaiva prahīyate.
41. rajasā.
abhiplutāṃ nārīṃ narasya hyupagacchataḥ | prajñā tejo balaṃ cakṣurāyuścaiva rahīyate
41. narasya upagacchataḥ rajasā abhiplutām nārīm
prajñā tejaḥ balam cakṣuḥ āyuḥ ca eva rahīyate
41. For a man who approaches a woman afflicted with menstrual impurity, his intellect (prajñā), vitality (tejas), strength (balam), vision (cakṣuḥ), and lifespan (āyuḥ) are diminished.
तां विवर्जयतस्तस्य रजसा समभिप्लुताम ।
प्रज्ञा तेजो बलं चक्षुरायुश्चैव प्रवर्धते ॥४२॥
42. tāṁ vivarjayatastasya rajasā samabhiplutām ,
prajñā tejo balaṁ cakṣurāyuścaiva pravardhate.
42. tāṃ vivarjayatas tasya rajasā samabhiplutām |
prajñā tejo balaṃ cakṣurāyuścaiva pravardhate
42. tasya vivarjayataḥ tāṃ rajasā samabhiplutām
prajñā tejaḥ balam cakṣuḥ āyuḥ ca eva pravardhate
42. For him who avoids her, afflicted by menstrual impurity, his intellect (prajñā), vitality (tejas), strength (balam), vision (cakṣuḥ), and lifespan (āyuḥ) increase.
नाश्नीयाद भार्यया सार्धं नैनामीक्षेत चाश्नतीम ।
क्षुवतीं जृम्भमाणां वा न चासीनां यथासुखम ॥४३॥
43. nāśnīyād bhāryayā sārdhaṁ naināmīkṣeta cāśnatīm ,
kṣuvatīṁ jṛmbhamāṇāṁ vā na cāsīnāṁ yathāsukham.
43. na aśnīyāt bhāryayā sārdham na enam īkṣeta ca aśnatīm
kṣuvatīm jṛmbhamāṇām vā na ca āsīnām yathāsukham
43. na aśnīyāt bhāryayā sārdham na ca enam īkṣeta aśnatīm
kṣuvatīm vā jṛmbhamāṇām na ca āsīnām yathāsukham
43. One should not eat with one's wife, nor should one look at her when she is eating. One should not look at her when she is yawning or eating with obvious comfort.
नाञ्जयन्तीं स्वके नेत्रे न चाभ्यक्तामनावृताम ।
न पश्येत प्रसवन्तीं च तेजस्कामो द्विजोत्तमः ॥४४॥
44. nāñjayantīṁ svake netre na cābhyaktāmanāvṛtām ,
na paśyet prasavantīṁ ca tejaskāmo dvijottamaḥ.
44. na añjayantīm svake netre na ca abhyaktām anāyutām
na paśyeta prasavantīm ca tejas-kāmaḥ dvija-uttamaḥ
44. tejas-kāmaḥ dvija-uttamaḥ na añjayantīm svake netre
na paśyeta na ca abhyaktām anāyutām prasavantīm ca
44. One who desires radiance should not look at a woman who is applying collyrium to her eyes, or who is oiled and unclothed, or who is giving birth.
नान्नमद्यादेकवासा न नग्नः स्नानमाचरेत ।
न मूत्रं पथि कुर्वीत न भस्मनि न गोव्रजे ॥४५॥
45. nānnamadyādekavāsā na nagnaḥ snānamācaret ,
na mūtraṁ pathi kurvīta na bhasmani na govraje.
45. na annam adyāt eka-vāsāḥ na nagnaḥ snānam ācaret
na mūtram pathi kuryīt na bhasmani na go-vraje
45. eka-vāsāḥ na annam adyāt na nagnaḥ snānam ācaret
na mūtram pathi kuryīt na bhasmani na go-vraje
45. One should not eat food while wearing only one garment, nor bathe naked. One should not urinate on the path, in ashes, or in a place where cows graze.
न फालकृष्टे न जले न चित्यां न च पर्वते ।
न जीर्णदेवायतने न वल्मीके कदा चन ॥४६॥
46. na phālakṛṣṭe na jale na cityāṁ na ca parvate ,
na jīrṇadevāyatane na valmīke kadā cana.
46. na phāla-kṛṣṭe na jale na citayām na ca parvate
na jīrṇa-devāyathane na valmīke kadā cana
46. na phāla-kṛṣṭe na jale na citayām na ca parvate
na jīrṇa-devāyathane na valmīke kadā cana
46. One should never urinate in a ploughed field, in water, on an ant-hill, on a mountain, in an old temple, or on an ant-hill.
न ससत्त्वेषु गर्तेषु न गच्छन्नपि न स्थितः ।
न नदीतीरमासाद्य न च पर्वतमस्तके ॥४७॥
47. na sasattveṣu garteṣu na gacchannapi na sthitaḥ ,
na nadītīramāsādya na ca parvatamastake.
47. na sasattveṣu garteṣu na gacchannapi na
sthitaḥ na nadītīramāsādya na ca parvatamastake
47. Not in the presence of beings in pits, nor while going, nor while standing still, nor after reaching the bank of a river, nor on the peak of a mountain.
वायुअग्निविप्रमादित्यमपः पश्यंस्तथैव गाः ।
न कदा चन कुर्वीत विण्मूत्रस्य विसर्जनम ॥४८॥
48. vāyuagnivipramādityamapaḥ paśyaṁstathaiva gāḥ ,
na kadā cana kurvīta viṇmūtrasya visarjanam.
48. vāyuagnivipramādityamapaḥ paśyantathaiva gāḥ
na kadā cana kurvīta viṇmūtrasya visarjanam
48. Seeing the wind, fire, a brahmin, the sun, water, and similarly cows, one should never at any time perform the evacuation of excrement and urine.
तिरस्कृत्योच्चरेत काष्ठलोष्ठपत्रतृणादिना ।
नियम्य प्रयतो वाचं संवीताङ्गोऽवगुण्ठितः ॥४९॥
49. tiraskṛtyoccaret kāṣṭhaloṣṭhapatratṛṇādinā ,
niyamya prayato vācaṁ saṁvītāṅgo'vaguṇṭhitaḥ.
49. tiraskṛtyoccareta kāṣṭhaloṣṭapatratṛṇādinā
niyamya prayato vācaṃ saṃvītāṅgo‘vaguṇṭhitaḥ
49. Having covered it (the area), one should expel it, using wood, clods, leaves, or grass, controlling one's speech with effort, with covered limbs and face.
मूत्रोच्चारसमुत्सर्गं दिवा कुर्यादुदङ्मुखः ।
दक्षिणाऽभिमुखो रात्रौ संध्यायोश्च यथा दिवा ॥५०॥
50. mūtroccārasamutsargaṁ divā kuryādudaṅmukhaḥ ,
dakṣiṇā'bhimukho rātrau saṁdhyāyośca yathā divā.
50. mūtroccārasamutsargaṃ divā kuryādudaṅmukhaḥ
dakṣiṇābhimukho rātrau saṃdhyāyośca yathā divā
50. The evacuation of urine and feces should be done during the day facing north, and at night facing south, and at twilight, just as during the day.
छायायामन्धकारे वा रात्रावहनि वा द्विजः ।
यथासुखमुखः कुर्यात प्राणबाधभयेषु च ॥५१॥
51. chāyāyāmandhakāre vā rātrāvahani vā dvijaḥ ,
yathāsukhamukhaḥ kuryāt prāṇabādhabhayeṣu ca.
51. chāyāyām andhakāre vā rātrāv ahani vā dvijaḥ
yathāsukhamukhaḥ kuryāt prāṇabādhabhayeṣu ca
51. A twice-born person (dvija) may relieve himself comfortably in the shade, in darkness, at night, or during the day, and also in situations of fear of bodily harm.
प्रत्यग्निं प्रतिसूर्यं च प्रतिसोमोदकद्विजम ।
प्रतिगु प्रतिवातं च प्रज्ञा नश्यति मेहतः ॥५२॥
52. pratyagniṁ pratisūryaṁ ca pratisomodakadvijam ,
pratigu prativātaṁ ca prajñā naśyati mehataḥ.
52. pratyagnim pratisūryam ca pratisomodakadvijam
pratigu pratīvātam ca prajñā naśyati meṇataḥ
52. Intelligence (prajñā) is destroyed by the mind (manas) when it faces fire, the sun, a Brahmin (dvija) with water, a cow (go), or the wind.
नाग्निं मुखेनोपधमेन्नग्नां नैक्षेत च स्त्रियम ।
नामेध्यं प्रक्षिपेदग्नौ न च पादौ प्रतापयेत ॥५३॥
53. nāgniṁ mukhenopadhamennagnāṁ naikṣeta ca striyam ,
nāmedhyaṁ prakṣipedagnau na ca pādau pratāpayet.
53. nāgnim mukhenopadhamennaṅgāṃ naīkṣeta ca striyam
nāmedhyaṃ praksipēdagna'u na ca pādau pratāpayēt
53. One should not blow on fire with the mouth, nor look at a naked woman. One should not throw impure things into the fire, nor warm the feet by the fire.
अधस्तान्नोपदध्याच्च न चैनमभिलङ्घयेत ।
न चैनं पादतः कुर्यान्न प्राणाबाधमाचरेत ॥५४॥
54. adhastānnopadadhyācca na cainamabhilaṅghayet ,
na cainaṁ pādataḥ kuryānna prāṇābādhamācaret.
54. adhastānnopadadhyācca na cainamabhilaṅghayēta
na cainaṃ pāditaḥ kuryānn prāṇābādham ācharēta
54. One should not place anything below it (the fire), nor step over it. One should not make it lower than oneself (by placing feet on it), nor create danger to life (by disrespecting it).
नाश्नीयात संधिवेलायां न गच्छेन्नापि संविशेत ।
न चैव प्रलिखेद भूमिं नात्मनोऽपहरेत स्रजम ॥५५॥
55. nāśnīyāt saṁdhivelāyāṁ na gacchennāpi saṁviśet ,
na caiva pralikhed bhūmiṁ nātmano'paharet srajam.
55. na aśnīyāt sandhivelāyāṃ na gacchet na api saṃviśet
na ca eva pralighed bhūmiṃ na ātmanaḥ apaharet srajam
55. One should not eat at twilight, nor go out, nor sleep. One should not scratch the ground, nor take off one's garland.
नाप्सु मूत्रं पुरीषं वा ष्ठीवनं वा समुत्सृजेत ।
अमेध्यलिप्तमन्यद वा लोहितं वा विषाणि वा । ॥५६॥
56. nāpsu mūtraṁ purīṣaṁ vā ṣṭhīvanaṁ vā samutsṛjet ,
amedhyaliptamanyad vā lohitaṁ vā viṣāṇi vā ,.
56. na apsu mūtraṃ purīṣaṃ vā ṣṭhīvanaṃ vā samutsṛjet
amedhyaliptam anyat vā lohitaṃ vā viṣāṇi vā
56. One should not excrete urine, feces, or spit into water. Nor should one discard anything impure, smeared, or blood or poison into water.
नैकः सुप्यात्शून्यगेहे न श्रेयांसं प्रबोधयेत ।
नोदक्ययाऽभिभाषेत यज्ञं गच्छेन्न चावृतः ॥५७॥
57. naikaḥ supyātśūnyagehe na śreyāṁsaṁ prabodhayet ,
nodakyayā'bhibhāṣeta yajñaṁ gacchenna cāvṛtaḥ.
57. na ekaḥ supyāt śūnyagehe na śreyāṃsaṃ prabodhayet
na udakyayā abhibhāṣeta yajñaṃ gacche na ca āvṛtaḥ
57. One should not sleep alone in an empty house, nor awaken a superior. One should not speak to one who is wet, nor go to a Vedic ritual (yajña) uncovered.
अग्न्यगारे गवां गोष्ठे ब्राह्मणानां च संनिधौ ।
स्वाध्याये भोजने चैव दक्षिणं पाणिमुद्धरेत ॥५८॥
58. agnyagāre gavāṁ goṣṭhe brāhmaṇānāṁ ca saṁnidhau ,
svādhyāye bhojane caiva dakṣiṇaṁ pāṇimuddharet.
58. agnyagāre gavāṃ goṣṭhe brāhmaṇānāṃ ca sannidhau
svādhyāye bhojane ca eva dakṣiṇaṃ pāṇim uddharet
58. In the presence of a fire altar, cows, a cow shed, or Brahmins, and also during Vedic study or eating, one should raise the right hand.
न वारयेद गां धयन्तीं न चाचक्षीत कस्य चित ।
न दिवीन्द्रायुधं दृष्ट्वा कस्य चिद दर्शयेद बुधः ॥५९॥
59. na vārayed gāṁ dhayantīṁ na cācakṣīta kasya cit ,
na divīndrāyudhaṁ dṛṣṭvā kasya cid darśayed budhaḥ.
59. na vārayed gām dhayantīm na cācakṣīta kasya cit |
na divīndrāyudhaṃ dṛṣṭvā kasya cid darśayed budhaḥ
59. na kasya cit gām dhayantīm vārayet na ca kasya cit ācakṣīta
na divi indrāyudhaṃ dṛṣṭvā na ca budhaḥ kasya cit darśayet
59. One should not prevent a cow from nursing, nor should one mention it to anyone. Likewise, upon seeing the divine weapon (Indra's thunderbolt) in the sky, a wise person should not show it to anyone.
नाधर्मिके वसेद ग्रामे न व्याधिबहुले भृशम ।
नैकः प्रपद्येताध्वानं न चिरं पर्वते वसेत ॥६०॥
60. nādharmike vased grāme na vyādhibahule bhṛśam ,
naikaḥ prapadyetādhvānaṁ na ciraṁ parvate vaset.
60. nādharmike vased grāme na vyādhibahule bhṛśam |
naikaḥ prapadyetādhvānaṃ na ciraṃ parvate vaset
60. adharmike grāme na vaset na bhṛśam vyādhibahule na
ekaḥ adhvānaṃ prapadyeta na ciraṃ parvate vaset
60. One should not live in a village of the unrighteous, nor in a place greatly afflicted by disease. One should not undertake a journey alone, nor live for a long time on a mountain.
न शूद्रराज्ये निवसेन्नाधार्मिकजनावृते ।
न पाषण्डिगणाक्रान्ते नोपस्षृटेऽन्त्यजैर्नृभिः ॥६१॥
61. na śūdrarājye nivasennādhārmikajanāvṛte ,
na pāṣaṇḍigaṇākrānte nopasṣṛṭe'ntyajairnṛbhiḥ.
61. na śūdrarājye nivasen_nādhārmikajanāvṛte | na
pāṣaṇḍigaṇākrānte no_paspṛṣṭe_ntyajair_nṛbhiḥ
61. śūdrārājye na nivaset na ādhārmikajanāvṛte na
pāṣaṇḍigaṇākrānte na antyajaiḥ nṛbhiḥ upaspṛṣṭe
61. One should not live in a kingdom of śūdras (laborers/servants), nor in a place filled with unrighteous people, nor in a place overrun by assemblies of heretics, nor in a place touched by outcastes.
न भुञ्जीतोद्धृतस्नेहं नातिसौहित्यमाचरेत ।
नातिप्रगे नातिसायं न सायं प्रातराशितः ॥६२॥
62. na bhuñjītoddhṛtasnehaṁ nātisauhityamācaret ,
nātiprage nātisāyaṁ na sāyaṁ prātarāśitaḥ.
62. na bhuñjītod_dhṛtasnehaṃ nātisauhityam_ācaret
| nātiprage nātisāyaṃ na sāyaṃ prātarāśitaḥ
62. uddhrṛtasnehāṃ na bhuñjīta na ati-sauhityaṃ ācaret
na ati-prage na ati-sāyaṃ na sāyaṃ prātaraśitaḥ
62. One should not eat food from which the ghee (or fat) has been removed, nor should one eat with excessive fullness. One should not eat too early in the morning, nor too late in the evening, nor at dusk.
न कुर्वीत वृथाचेष्टां न वार्यञ्जलिना पिबेत ।
नोत्सङ्गे भक्षयेद भक्ष्यान्न जातु स्यात कुतूहली ॥६३॥
63. na kurvīta vṛthāceṣṭāṁ na vāryañjalinā pibet ,
notsaṅge bhakṣayed bhakṣyānna jātu syāt kutūhalī.
63. na kurvīta vr̥thāceṣṭāṃ na vāryañjalinā pibet |
notsaṅge bhakṣayeda bhakṣyānna jātu syāt kutūhalī
63. One should not make useless efforts, nor drink water with cupped hands. One should never eat forbidden food on their lap, nor be overly curious.
न नृत्येदथ वा गायेन्न वादित्राणि वादयेत ।
नास्फोटयेन्न च क्ष्वेडेन्न च रक्तो विरावयेत ॥६४॥
64. na nṛtyedatha vā gāyenna vāditrāṇi vādayet ,
nāsphoṭayenna ca kṣveḍenna ca rakto virāvayet.
64. na nr̥tyedatha vā gāyenna vāditrāṇi vādayet |
nāsphoṭayenna ca kṣveḍenna ca rakto virāravet
64. One should not dance or sing, nor play musical instruments. One should not clap, nor make sounds of excitement, nor shout when agitated.
न पादौ धावयेत कांस्ये कदा चिदपि भाजने ।
न भिन्नभाण्डे भुञ्जीत न भावप्रतिदूषिते ॥६५॥
65. na pādau dhāvayet kāṁsye kadā cidapi bhājane ,
na bhinnabhāṇḍe bhuñjīta na bhāvapratidūṣite.
65. na pādau dhāvayet kānsye kadā cidapi bhājane |
na bhin nabhāṇḍe bhuñjīta na bhāvapratidūṣite
65. One should never wash feet in a bronze vessel, nor eat from a broken or impure vessel.
उपानहौ च वासश्च धृतमन्यैर्न धारयेत ।
उपवीतमलङ्कारं स्रजं करकमेव च ॥६६॥
66. upānahau ca vāsaśca dhṛtamanyairna dhārayet ,
upavītamalaṅkāraṁ srajaṁ karakameva ca.
66. upāhanau ca vāsasca dhr̥taman'yairna dhārayet
| upavītamalaṅkāraṃ srajaṃ karakameva ca
66. One should not wear footwear and clothes that have been worn by others. Nor should one wear a sacred thread, jewelry, a garland, or a water pot (that have been used by others).
नाविनीतैर्भजेद धुर्यैर्न च क्षुध्व्याधिपीडितैः ।
न भिन्नशृङ्गाक्षिखुरैर्न वालधिविरूपितैः ॥६७॥
67. nāvinītairbhajed dhuryairna ca kṣudhvyādhipīḍitaiḥ ,
na bhinnaśṛṅgākṣikhurairna vāladhivirūpitaiḥ.
67. na avinītaiḥ bhajeta dhuryaḥ na ca kṣudhvyādhipīḍitaiḥ
na bhinnaśr̥ṅgākṣikhuraiḥ na vāladhivirūpitaiḥ
67. na dhuryaḥ na ca kṣudhvyādhipīḍitaiḥ na
bhinnaśr̥ṅgākṣikhuraiḥ na vāladhivirūpitaiḥ avinītaiḥ bhajeta
67. One should not use untrained, not leaders, not those afflicted by hunger and disease, not those with broken horns, eyes, or hooves, and not those disfigured by their tails.
विनीतैस्तु व्रजेन्नित्यमाशुगैर्लक्षणान्वितैः ।
वर्णरूपोपसंपन्नैः प्रतोदेनातुदन भृशम ॥६८॥
68. vinītaistu vrajennityamāśugairlakṣaṇānvitaiḥ ,
varṇarūpopasaṁpannaiḥ pratodenātudan bhṛśam.
68. vinītaiḥ tu vrajet nityam āśugaiḥ lakṣaṇānvitaḥ
varṇarūpopasaṃpannaḥ pratodena atudan bhr̥śam
68. tu vinītaiḥ lakṣaṇānvitaḥ varṇarūpopasaṃpannaḥ
āśugaiḥ pratodena bhr̥śam atudan nityam vrajet
68. However, one should always travel with the trained, swift, and well-marked ones, those endowed with good color and form, by urging them with a goad vigorously.
बालातपः प्रेतधूमो वर्ज्यं भिन्नं तथाऽसनम ।
न छिन्द्यान्नखरोमाणि दन्तैर्नोत्पाटयेन्नखान ॥६९॥
69. bālātapaḥ pretadhūmo varjyaṁ bhinnaṁ tathā'sanam ,
na chindyānnakharomāṇi dantairnotpāṭayennakhān.
69. bālātapah pretadhūmah varjyam bhinnam tathā asanam
na chindyāt nakharomāṇi dantaiḥ na utpāṭayet nakhān
69. bālātapah pretadhūmah bhinnam tathā asanam varjyam.
na chindyāt nakharomāṇi dantaiḥ na utpāṭayet nakhān
69. Morning sun, the smoke of the dead, forbidden food, and broken things are to be avoided. One should not trim nails or hair with teeth, nor pluck out toenails.
न मृत्लोष्ठं च मृद्नीयान्न छिन्द्यात करजैस्तृणम ।
न कर्म निष्फलं कुर्यान्नायत्यामसुखोदयम ॥७०॥
70. na mṛtloṣṭhaṁ ca mṛdnīyānna chindyāt karajaistṛṇam ,
na karma niṣphalaṁ kuryānnāyatyāmasukhodayam.
70. na mṛtlōṣṭham ca mṛdnīyāt na chindyāt karajaiḥ tr̥ṇam
na karma niṣphalam kuryāt na āyatyām asukhodayam
70. na mṛtlōṣṭham ca mṛdnīyāt na tr̥ṇam karajaiḥ chindyāt
na niṣphalam karma na āyatyām asukhodayam kuryāt
70. One should not chew dirt or clods, nor cut grass with fingernails. One should not perform fruitless actions, nor actions that lead to future unhappiness.
लोष्ठमर्दी तृणच्छेदी नखखादी च यो नरः ।
स विनाशं व्रजत्याशु सूचकाऽशुचिरेव च ॥७१॥
71. loṣṭhamardī tṛṇacchedī nakhakhādī ca yo naraḥ ,
sa vināśaṁ vrajatyāśu sūcakā'śucireva ca.
71. loṣṭamardī tṛṇacchedī nakha_khādī ca yaḥ naraḥ
saḥ vināśam vrajati āśu sūcakah_ aśuciḥ eva ca
71. yaḥ naraḥ loṣṭamardī tṛṇacchedī nakha_khādī ca
sūcakah_ ca aśuciḥ eva saḥ āśu vināśam vrajati
71. A person who crushes lumps of clay, cuts grass, and eats his nails, as well as one who is a talebearer and impure, quickly goes to ruin.
न विगर्ह्य कथां कुर्याद बहिर्माल्यं न धारयेत ।
गवां च यानं पृष्ठेन सर्वथैव विगर्हितम ॥७२॥
72. na vigarhya kathāṁ kuryād bahirmālyaṁ na dhārayet ,
gavāṁ ca yānaṁ pṛṣṭhena sarvathaiva vigarhitam.
72. na vigṛhya kathām kuryāt bahir_mālyam na dhārayet
gavām ca yānam pṛṣṭhena sarvathā eva vigarhitam
72. naḥ vigṛhya kathām kuryāt naḥ bahir_mālyam dhārayet
gavām ca yānam pṛṣṭhena sarvathā eva vigarhitam
72. One should not engage in reprehensible talk, nor wear garlands (made of flowers) externally. Also, traveling in a cart pulled by cows is completely reprehensible.
अद्वारेण च नातीयाद ग्रामं वा वेश्म वाऽवृतम ।
रात्रौ च वृक्षमूलानि दूरतः परिवर्जयेत ॥७३॥
73. advāreṇa ca nātīyād grāmaṁ vā veśma vā'vṛtam ,
rātrau ca vṛkṣamūlāni dūrataḥ parivarjayet.
73. a_dvāreṇa ca na_atīyāt grāmam vā veśmam vā_avṛtam
rātrau ca vṛkṣa_mūlāni dūrataḥ parivarjayeta
73. a_dvāreṇa ca na_atīyāt grāmam vā veśmam vā_avṛtam
rātrau ca vṛkṣa_mūlāni dūrataḥ parivarjayeta
73. One should not pass through a village or a fenced dwelling by the wrong entrance. At night, one should also avoid the roots of trees from a distance.
नाक्षैर्दीव्येत कदा चित तु स्वयं नोपानहौ हरेत ।
शयनस्थो न भुञ्जीत न पाणिस्थं न चासने ॥७४॥
74. nākṣairdīvyet kadā cit tu svayaṁ nopānahau haret ,
śayanastho na bhuñjīta na pāṇisthaṁ na cāsane.
74. na_akṣaiḥ dīvyeta kadā cit tu svayam na_upānahau haret
śayana_sthaḥ na bhuñjīta na pāṇi_stham na ca_āsane
74. kadā cit tu na_akṣaiḥ dīvyeta svayam na_upānahau haret
śayana_sthaḥ na bhuñjīta na pāṇi_stham na ca_āsane
74. One should never gamble with dice, nor should one take off their own shoes (while wearing them). One should not eat while lying down, nor eat from their hand, nor eat while seated in a specific posture.
सर्वं च तिलसंबद्धं नाद्यादस्तमिते रवौ ।
न च नग्नः शयीतैह न चोच्छिष्टः क्व चिद व्रजेत ॥७५॥
75. sarvaṁ ca tilasaṁbaddhaṁ nādyādastamite ravau ,
na ca nagnaḥ śayītaiha na cocchiṣṭaḥ kva cid vrajet.
75. sarvaṃ ca tilasambaddhaṃ nādyād astamite ravau | na
ca nagnaḥ śayīta iha na cocchiṣṭaḥ kva cid vrajet
75. Everything should be related to sesame seeds, and one should not eat after the sun has set. One should not sleep naked, nor go anywhere while still defiled with food remnants.
आर्द्रपादस्तु भुञ्जीत नार्द्रपादस्तु संविशेत ।
आर्द्रपादस्तु भुञ्जानो दीर्घमायुरवाप्नुयात ॥७६॥
76. ārdrapādastu bhuñjīta nārdrapādastu saṁviśet ,
ārdrapādastu bhuñjāno dīrghamāyuravāpnuyāt.
76. ārdrapādaḥ tu bhuñjīta nārdrāpādaḥ tu saṃviśeta
| ārdrapādaḥ tu bhuñjāno dīrgham āyuḥ avāpnuyāt
76. One should eat with wet feet, but should not sleep with wet feet. One who eats with wet feet attains a long life.
अचक्षुर्विषयं दुर्गं न प्रपद्येत कर्हि चित ।
न विण्मूत्रमुदीक्षेत न बाहुभ्यां नदीं तरेत ॥७७॥
77. acakṣurviṣayaṁ durgaṁ na prapadyeta karhi cit ,
na viṇmūtramudīkṣeta na bāhubhyāṁ nadīṁ taret.
77. acakṣurviṣayaṃ durgaṃ na prapadyeta karhi cit |
na viṇmūtram udīkṣeta na bāhubhyāṃ nadīṃ tareta
77. One should never enter a dangerous place that is out of sight. One should not look at excrement or urine, nor cross a river using only their arms.
अधितिष्ठेन्न केशांस्तु न भस्मास्थिकपालिकाः ।
न कार्पासास्थि न तुषान दीर्घमायुर्जिजीविषुः ॥७८॥
78. adhitiṣṭhenna keśāṁstu na bhasmāsthikapālikāḥ ,
na kārpāsāsthi na tuṣān dīrghamāyurjijīviṣuḥ.
78. adhitiṣṭhenna keśāṃstu na bhasmāsthikapālikāḥ |
na kārpāsāsthi na tuṣān dīrgham āyuḥ jijīviṣuḥ
78. One who desires to live a long life should not tread on hair, nor on ashes, bones, skull fragments, cotton seeds, or husks.
न संवसेच्च पतितैर्न चाण्डालैर्न पुल्कसैः ।
न मूर्खैर्नावलिप्तैश्च नान्त्यैर्नान्त्यावसायिभिः ॥७९॥
79. na saṁvasecca patitairna cāṇḍālairna pulkasaiḥ ,
na mūrkhairnāvaliptaiśca nāntyairnāntyāvasāyibhiḥ.
79. na saṃvaseccet patitaiḥ na cāṇḍālaiḥ na pulkasaiḥ na
mūrkhaiḥ na avaliptaiḥ ca na antyaiḥ na antyāvasāibhiḥ
79. na patitaiḥ na cāṇḍālaiḥ na pulkasaiḥ na mūrkhaiḥ na
avaliptaiḥ ca na antyaiḥ na antyāvasāibhiḥ ca saṃvasec
79. One should not associate with the fallen, nor with outcasts like caṇḍālas or pulkasas, nor with the foolish, nor with the arrogant, nor with those who are lowest in the social order, nor with those who live by the lowest occupations.
न शूद्राय मतिं दद्यान्नोच्छिष्टं न हविष्कृतम ।
न चास्योपदिशेद धर्मं न चास्य व्रतमादिशेत ॥८०॥
80. na śūdrāya matiṁ dadyānnocchiṣṭaṁ na haviṣkṛtam ,
na cāsyopadiśed dharmaṁ na cāsya vratamādiśet.
80. na śūdrāya matiṃ dadyāt na ucchiṣṭaṃ na haviṣkṛtam
na ca asya upadiśet dharmaṃ na ca asya vratam ādiśet
80. na śūdrāya matiṃ dadyāt na ucchiṣṭaṃ na haviṣkṛtam
na ca asya dharmaṃ upadiśet na ca asya vratam ādiśet
80. One should not give advice to a śūdra, nor offer him what is left from a meal (ucchistam), nor what has been consecrated for an offering (haviskṛtam). One should not teach him the dharma, nor instruct him in a religious vow.
यो ह्यस्य धर्ममाचष्टे यश्चैवादिशति व्रतम ।
सोऽसंवृतं नाम तमः सह तेनैव मज्जति ॥८१॥
81. yo hyasya dharmamācaṣṭe yaścaivādiśati vratam ,
so'saṁvṛtaṁ nāma tamaḥ saha tenaiva majjati.
81. yaḥ hi asya dharmaṃ ācaṣṭe yaḥ ca eva ādiśati vratam
saḥ asanvṛtaṃ nāma tamaḥ saha tena eva majjati
81. yaḥ hi asya dharmaṃ ācaṣṭe ca yaḥ eva vratam ādiśati
saḥ tena saha eva asanvṛtaṃ tamaḥ nāma majjati
81. He who instructs him in the dharma, and he who prescribes a vow for him, both fall into a state of unspeakable darkness along with him.
न संहताभ्यां पाणिभ्यां कण्डूयेदात्मनः शिरः ।
न स्पृशेच्चैतदुच्छिष्टो न च स्नायाद विना ततः ॥८२॥
82. na saṁhatābhyāṁ pāṇibhyāṁ kaṇḍūyedātmanaḥ śiraḥ ,
na spṛśeccaitaducchiṣṭo na ca snāyād vinā tataḥ.
82. na saṃhatābhyāṃ pāṇibhyāṃ kaṇḍūyet ātmanaḥ śiraḥ
na spṛśec cet ucchiṣṭaḥ na ca snāyāt vinā tataḥ
82. na saṃhatābhyāṃ pāṇibhyāṃ ātmanaḥ śiraḥ kaṇḍūyet
na cet ucchiṣṭaḥ spṛśec na ca tataḥ vinā snāyāt
82. One should not scratch one's head with joined hands, nor touch it with food remnants (ucchistam), nor bathe without having first washed them (the hands).
केशग्रहान प्रहारांश्च शिरस्येतान विवर्जयेत ।
शिरःस्नातश्च तैलेन नाङ्गं किं चिदपि स्पृशेत ॥८३॥
83. keśagrahān prahārāṁśca śirasyetān vivarjayet ,
śiraḥsnātaśca tailena nāṅgaṁ kiṁ cidapi spṛśet.
83. keśagrahan prahārāṃśca śirasyetān vivarjayeta
śiraḥsnātaśca tailena nāṅgaṃ kiṃ cidapi spṛśeta
83. One should avoid pulling the hair and striking the head. After bathing the head, one should not touch any part of the body with oil.
न राज्ञः प्रतिगृह्णीयादराजन्यप्रसूतितः ।
सूनाचक्रध्वजवतां वेशेनैव च जीवताम ॥८४॥
84. na rājñaḥ pratigṛhṇīyādarājanyaprasūtitaḥ ,
sūnācakradhvajavatāṁ veśenaiva ca jīvatām.
84. na rājñaḥ pratigṛhṇīyād arājanyaprasūgitaḥ
sūnācakradhvajavatāṃ veśenaiva ca jīvatām
84. One should not accept gifts from a king who is not a kshatriya by birth, nor from those who maintain slaughterhouses, merchants, standard-bearers, or those who live by prostitution.
दशसूनासमं चक्रं दशचक्रसमो ध्वजः ।
दशध्वजसमो वेशो दशवेशसमो नृपः ॥८५॥
85. daśasūnāsamaṁ cakraṁ daśacakrasamo dhvajaḥ ,
daśadhvajasamo veśo daśaveśasamo nṛpaḥ.
85. daśasūnāsamaṃ cakraṃ daśacakrasamo dhvajaḥ
daśadhvajagamo veśo daśaveśasamo nṛpaḥ
85. A slaughterhouse is equal to ten cart-wheels, a cart-wheel to ten flags, a flag to ten brothels, and a brothel to a king.
दश सूणासहस्राणि यो वाहयति सौनिकः ।
तेन तुल्यः स्मृतो राजा घोरस्तस्य प्रतिग्रहः ॥८६॥
86. daśa sūṇāsahasrāṇi yo vāhayati saunikaḥ ,
tena tulyaḥ smṛto rājā ghorastasya pratigrahaḥ.
86. daśa sūṇāsahasrāṇi yo vāhayati saunikaḥ tena
tulyaḥ smṛto rājā ghorastasya pratigrahaḥ
86. The king who supports ten thousand slaughterhouses is considered equal to a butcher. Accepting gifts from him is considered a terrible act.
यो राज्ञः प्रतिगृह्णाति लुब्धस्यौच्छास्त्रवर्तिनः ।
स पर्यायेण यातीमान्नरकानेकविंशतिम ॥८७॥
87. yo rājñaḥ pratigṛhṇāti lubdhasyaucchāstravartinaḥ ,
sa paryāyeṇa yātīmānnarakānekaviṁśatim.
87. yaḥ rājñaḥ pratigṛhṇāti lubdhasya aucchāstravartinaḥ
sa paryāyeṇa yāti mān naraka eka viṃśatim
87. yaḥ lubdhasya aucchāstravartinaḥ rājñaḥ pratigṛhṇāti
saḥ paryāyeṇa mān eka viṃśatim naraka yāti
87. He who accepts gifts from a greedy king who does not follow the prescribed rules (śāstra) goes, in turn, through twenty-one hells (naraka).
तामिस्रमन्धतामिस्रं महारौरवरौरवौ ।
नरकं कालसूत्रं च महानरकमेव च ॥८८॥
88. tāmisramandhatāmisraṁ mahārauravarauravau ,
narakaṁ kālasūtraṁ ca mahānarakameva ca.
88. tāmisram andhatāmisram mahārāuravarauravau
narakam kālasūtram ca mahānarakam eva ca
88. tāmisram andhatāmisram mahārāuravarauravau
narakam ca kālasūtram ca mahānarakam eva ca
88. Tāmisra, Andhatāmisra, Mahāraurava, Raurava, Naraka, Kālaśūtra, and Mahānarakam itself.
सञ्जीवनं महावीचिं तपनं संप्रतापनम ।
संहातं च सकाकोलं कुड्मलं प्रतिमूर्तिकम ॥८९॥
89. sañjīvanaṁ mahāvīciṁ tapanaṁ saṁpratāpanam ,
saṁhātaṁ ca sakākolaṁ kuḍmalaṁ pratimūrtikam.
89. sañjīvanam mahāvīcim tapanam sampratāpanam
saṃhātam ca sakākolaṃ kuḍmalam pratimūrtikam
89. sañjīvanam mahāvīcim tapanam sampratāpanam
saṃhātam ca sakākolaṃ kuḍmalam ca pratimūrtikam
89. Sañjīvana, Mahāvīci, Tapana, Sampratāpana, Saṃhāta, Sakākola, Kuḍmala, and Pratimūrtikam.
लोहशङ्कुं ऋजीषं च पन्थानं शाल्मलीं नदीम ।
असिपत्रवनं चैव लोहदारकमेव च ॥९०॥
90. lohaśaṅkuṁ ṛjīṣaṁ ca panthānaṁ śālmalīṁ nadīm ,
asipatravanaṁ caiva lohadārakameva ca.
90. lohaśankuṃ ṛjīṣam ca panthānam śālmalīm nadīm
asipatra-vanam ca eva lohadārakam eva ca
90. lohaśankuṃ ṛjīṣam ca panthānam ca śālmalīm nadīm
ca asipatra-vanam ca eva lohadārakam eva ca
90. Lohaśanku, Ṛjīṣa, Panthāna, Śālmalī River, the forest of Asipatra, and Lohadāraka.
एतद विदन्तो विद्वांसो ब्राह्मणा ब्रह्मवादिनः ।
न राज्ञः प्रतिगृह्णन्ति प्रेत्य श्रेयोऽभिकाङ्क्षिणः ॥९१॥
91. etad vidanto vidvāṁso brāhmaṇā brahmavādinaḥ ,
na rājñaḥ pratigṛhṇanti pretya śreyo'bhikāṅkṣiṇaḥ.
91. etat vidantaḥ vidvāṃsaḥ brāhmaṇāḥ brahmavādinaḥ na
rājñaḥ pratigṛhṇanti pretya śreyaḥ abhikāṅkṣiṇaḥ
91. etat vidantaḥ vidvāṃsaḥ brāhmaṇāḥ brahmavādinaḥ
śreyaḥ abhikāṅkṣiṇaḥ pretya na rājñaḥ pratigṛhṇanti
91. Knowing this, learned Brahmins who are expounders of Brahman (ultimate reality) do not accept gifts from kings, if they desire well-being after death.
ब्राह्मे मुहूर्ते बुध्येत धर्मार्थौ चानुचिन्तयेत ।
कायक्लेशांश्च तन्मूलान वेदतत्त्वार्थमेव च ॥९२॥
92. brāhme muhūrte budhyeta dharmārthau cānucintayet ,
kāyakleśāṁśca tanmūlān vedatattvārthameva ca.
92. brāhme muhūrte budhyeta dharmārthau ca anucintayet
kāyakleśān ca tanmūlān vedatattvārthameva ca
92. brāhme muhūrte budhyeta dharmārthau ca kāyakleśān
ca tanmūlān vedatattvārthameva ca anucintayet
92. One should awaken during the Brahma muhurta (the auspicious time before sunrise) and contemplate (dharma) and wealth (artha), as well as the physical afflictions and their causes, and the essential meaning of the Vedas.
उत्थायावश्यकं कृत्वा कृतशौचः समाहितः ।
पूर्वां संध्यां जपंस्तिष्ठेत स्वकाले चापरां चिरम ॥९३॥
93. utthāyāvaśyakaṁ kṛtvā kṛtaśaucaḥ samāhitaḥ ,
pūrvāṁ saṁdhyāṁ japaṁstiṣṭhet svakāle cāparāṁ ciram.
93. utthāya avaśyaṃ kṛtvā kṛtaśaucaḥ samāhitaḥ pūrvāṃ
sandhyāṃ japant tiṣṭheta svakāle ca aparāṃ ciram
93. utthāya avaśyaṃ kṛtvā kṛtaśaucaḥ samāhitaḥ pūrvāṃ
sandhyāṃ japant svakāle aparāṃ ca ciram tiṣṭheta
93. After rising and completing necessary ablutions and purification, with a composed mind, one should stand reciting the morning prayers (sandhyā) and also the evening prayers (sandhyā) for a long time at their respective times.
ऋषयो दीर्घसंध्यत्वाद दीर्घमायुरवाप्नुयुः ।
प्रज्ञां यशश्च कीर्तिं च ब्रह्मवर्चसमेव च ॥९४॥
94. ṛṣayo dīrghasaṁdhyatvād dīrghamāyuravāpnuyuḥ ,
prajñāṁ yaśaśca kīrtiṁ ca brahmavarcasameva ca.
94. ṛṣayaḥ dīrghasaṃdhyatvād dīrgham āyuḥ avāpnuayuḥ
prajñām yaśaḥ ca kīrtim ca brahmavarcasameva ca
94. ṛṣayaḥ dīrghasaṃdhyatvād dīrgham āyuḥ prajñām
yaśaḥ ca kīrtim ca brahmavarcasameva ca avāpnuayuḥ
94. The sages, due to their long observance of (sandhyā) prayers, attained long life, intelligence, fame, renown, and spiritual radiance (brahmavarcas).
श्रावण्यां प्रौष्ठपद्यां वाऽप्युपाकृत्य यथाविधि ।
युक्तश्छन्दांस्यधीयीत मासान विप्रोऽर्धपञ्चमान ॥९५॥
95. śrāvaṇyāṁ prauṣṭhapadyāṁ vā'pyupākṛtya yathāvidhi ,
yuktaśchandāṁsyadhīyīta māsān vipro'rdhapañcamān.
95. śrāvaṇyāṁ prauṣṭhadyāṁ vā upākr̥tya yathāvidhi
yuktaḥ chandāṁsyadhīyīta māsān vipraḥ ardha pañcamān
95. A twice-born person (vipra) should begin studying the Vedic chants (chanda) according to the prescribed method in Śrāvaṇā or Proṣṭhapada, and continue for five half-months.
पुष्ये तु छन्दसां कुर्याद बहिरुत्सर्जनं द्विजः ।
माघशुक्लस्य वा प्राप्ते पूर्वाह्णे प्रथमेऽहनि ॥९६॥
96. puṣye tu chandasāṁ kuryād bahirutsarjanaṁ dvijaḥ ,
māghaśuklasya vā prāpte pūrvāhṇe prathame'hani.
96. puṣye tu chandasāṁ kuryāt bahir utsarjanaṁ dvijaḥ
magha śuklasya vā prāpte pūrvāhṇe prathame ahani
96. However, the twice-born person (dvija) should perform the ' utsarga ' (formal completion or release) of the Vedic chants externally in Puṣya (nakṣatra), or on the first day of the bright half of Māgha, during the forenoon.
यथाशास्त्रं तु कृत्वैवमुत्सर्गं छन्दसां बहिः ।
विरमेत पक्षिणीं रात्रिं तदेवैकमहर्निशम ॥९७॥
97. yathāśāstraṁ tu kṛtvaivamutsargaṁ chandasāṁ bahiḥ ,
viramet pakṣiṇīṁ rātriṁ tadevaikamaharniśam.
97. yathāśāstraṁ tu kr̥tvā evam utsarjanaṁ chandasāṁ
bahis virameta pakṣiṇīṁ rātriṁ tad ekam aharniśam
97. Having thus performed the utsarga (conclusion ceremony) of the Vedic chants externally according to the scriptures, one should abstain from study for the period of a night and a day, which is a single day and night.
अत ऊर्ध्वं तु छन्दांसि शुक्लेषु नियतः पठेत ।
वेदाङ्गानि च सर्वाणि कृष्णपक्षेषु संपठेत ॥९८॥
98. ata ūrdhvaṁ tu chandāṁsi śukleṣu niyataḥ paṭhet ,
vedāṅgāni ca sarvāṇi kṛṣṇapakṣeṣu saṁpaṭhet.
98. ata ūrdhvaṁ tu chandāṁsi śukleṣu niyataḥ paṭhet
vedāṅgāni ca sarvāṇi kṛṣṇa pakṣeṣu saṁpaṭhet
98. After this, one should regularly recite the Vedic chants (chanda) during the bright fortnights (śukla), and recite all the Vedāṅgas (auxiliary Vedic sciences) during the dark fortnights (kṛṣṇa).
नाविस्पष्टमधीयीत न शूद्रजनसन्निधौ ।
न निशान्ते परिश्रान्तो ब्रह्माधीत्य पुनः स्वपेत ॥९९॥
99. nāvispaṣṭamadhīyīta na śūdrajanasannidhau ,
na niśānte pariśrānto brahmādhītya punaḥ svapet.
99. na aviṣpaṣṭam adhīyīta na śūdrajanasannidhau na
niśānte pariśrāntaḥ brahmādhītya punaḥ svapet
99. na aviṣpaṣṭam adhīyīta na śūdrajanasannidhau na
pariśrāntaḥ niśānte brahmādhītya punaḥ na svapet
99. One should not study indistinctly, nor in the presence of a śūdra (a person of the lowest social order), nor at the end of the night when exhausted; after studying the Veda (brahman), one should not sleep again.
यथोदितेन विधिना नित्यं छन्दस्कृतं पठेत ।
ब्रह्म छन्दस्कृतं चैव द्विजो युक्तो ह्यनापदि ॥१००॥
100. yathoditena vidhinā nityaṁ chandaskṛtaṁ paṭhet ,
brahma chandaskṛtaṁ caiva dvijo yukto hyanāpadi.
100. yathoditena vidhinā nityaṃ chandaskṛtaṃ paṭheta
brahma chandaskṛtaṃ ca eva dvijo yūkto hyanāpadi
100. dvijo yathoditena vidhinā nityaṃ chandaskṛtaṃ
brahma chandaskṛtaṃ ca eva anāpadi yuktaḥ paṭheta
100. The twice-born (dvija) should always study the Chandas (Vedic meter/scripture) according to the prescribed method, and the Veda (brahman) and Chandas as well, when not in distress.
इमान्नित्यमनध्यायानधीयानो विवर्जयेत ।
अध्यापनं च कुर्वाणः शिष्याणां विधिपूर्वकम ॥१०१॥
101. imānnityamanadhyāyānadhīyāno vivarjayet ,
adhyāpanaṁ ca kurvāṇaḥ śiṣyāṇāṁ vidhipūrvakam.
101. imān nityam anadhyāyān adhīyāno vivarjayeta
adhyāpanaṃ ca kurvāṇaḥ śiṣyāṇāṃ vidhipūrvakam
101. adhīyāno vivarjayeta imān nityam anadhyāyān
kurvāṇaḥ ca śiṣyāṇāṃ vidhipūrvakam adhyāpanaṃ
101. One who is studying should always avoid these periods of non-study (anadhyāya), as should one who is teaching, performing his duty towards his disciples according to the prescribed method.
कर्णश्रवेऽनिले रात्रौ दिवा पांसुसमूहने ।
एतौ वर्षास्वनध्यायावध्यायज्ञाः प्रचक्षते ॥१०२॥
102. karṇaśrave'nile rātrau divā pāṁsusamūhane ,
etau varṣāsvanadhyāyāvadhyāyajñāḥ pracakṣate.
102. karṇaśrave anile rātrau divā pāṃsusamūhane
etau varṣāsu anadhyāyau adhyāyajñāḥ pracakṣate
102. adhyāyajñāḥ etau varṣāsu anadhyāyau pracakṣate
karṇaśrave anile rātrau divā pāṃsusamūhane
102. During the time of hearing with the ears, during wind, during the night, and during the day when dust is being gathered – these are considered periods of non-study (anadhyāya) in the rainy season, according to those who know the Veda.
विद्युत्स्तनितवर्षेषु महोल्कानां च संप्लवे ।
आकालिकमनध्यायमेतेषु मनुरब्रवीत ॥१०३॥
103. vidyutstanitavarṣeṣu maholkānāṁ ca saṁplave ,
ākālikamanadhyāyameteṣu manurabravīt.
103. vidyutstanitavarṣeṣu maholkānāṃ ca saṃplave
ākalikam anadhyāyam eteṣu manur abravīt
103. eteṣu vidyutstanitavarṣeṣu maholkaānāṃ ca
saṃplave ākalikam anadhyāyam manur abravīt
103. Manu declared these (situations) as unscheduled study times: during lightning, thunder, and rain; and when meteors fall.
एतांस्त्वभ्युदितान विद्याद यदा प्रादुष्कृताग्निषु ।
तदा विद्यादनध्यायमनृतौ चाभ्रदर्शने ॥१०४॥
104. etāṁstvabhyuditān vidyād yadā prāduṣkṛtāgniṣu ,
tadā vidyādanadhyāyamanṛtau cābhradarśane.
104. etāṃs tva abhyuditān vidyād yadā prāduṣkṛtāgniṣu
tadā vidyād anadhyāyam anṛtau ca abhradarśane
104. yadā prāduṣkṛtāgniṣu etān tva abhyuditān vidyād,
tadā anṛtau ca abhradarśane anadhyāyam vidyād
104. One should know these (phenomena) to be (causes for unscheduled study) when fires have been kindled. Then one should know there is unscheduled study time during the non-season and when clouds are seen.
निर्घाते भूमिचलने ज्योतिषां चोपसर्जने ।
एतानाकालिकान विद्यादनध्यायान ऋतावपि ॥१०५॥
105. nirghāte bhūmicalane jyotiṣāṁ copasarjane ,
etānākālikān vidyādanadhyāyān ṛtāvapi.
105. nirghāte bhūmicacane jyotiṣāṃ copasārjane
etān ākālikān vidyād anadhyāyān ṛtāv api
105. nirghāte bhūmicacane jyotiṣāṃ ca upasārjane
etān ākālikān anadhyāyān ṛtāv api vidyād
105. Manu declared these as unscheduled study times, even during the proper season: during an earthquake, an upheaval of the earth, and the proximity of celestial bodies.
प्रादुष्कृतेष्वग्निषु तु विद्युत्स्तनितनिःस्वने ।
सज्योतिः स्यादनध्यायः शेषे रात्रौ यथा दिवा ॥१०६॥
106. prāduṣkṛteṣvagniṣu tu vidyutstanitaniḥsvane ,
sajyotiḥ syādanadhyāyaḥ śeṣe rātrau yathā divā.
106. prāduṣkṛteṣv agniṣu tu vidyutstanitanihsvane
sajyotiḥ syād anadhyāyaḥ śeṣe rātrau yathā divā
106. tu prāduṣkṛteṣu agniṣu,
vidyutstanitanihsvane,
śeṣe rautrau yathā divā,
sajyotiḥ anadhyāyaḥ syāt
106. However, when fires have been kindled, and during lightning and thunder, there will be unscheduled study time; the same applies during the night as during the day.
नित्यानध्याय एव स्याद ग्रामेषु नगरेषु च ।
धर्मनैपुण्यकामानां पूतिगन्धे च सर्वदा ॥१०७॥
107. nityānadhyāya eva syād grāmeṣu nagareṣu ca ,
dharmanaipuṇyakāmānāṁ pūtigandhe ca sarvadā.
107. nityanadhyāya eva syāt grāmeṣu nagareṣu ca
dharmanaipuṇyakāmanāṃ pūtigañdhe ca sarvadā
107. There shall be constant non-study in villages and cities, and always in the presence of the stench of that which is related to the pursuit of excellence in one's innate constitution (dharma) and desires.
अन्तर्गतशवे ग्रामे वृषलस्य च सन्निधौ ।
अनध्यायो रुद्यमाने समवाये जनस्य च ॥१०८॥
108. antargataśave grāme vṛṣalasya ca sannidhau ,
anadhyāyo rudyamāne samavāye janasya ca.
108. antargataśave grāme vṛṣalasya ca sannidhau
anadhyāyaḥ rudyamāne samavāye janasya ca
108. There shall be non-study in a village where there is a corpse inside, in the proximity of a śūdra (vṛṣala), when people are weeping, and in a gathering of people.
उदके मध्यरात्रे च विण्मूत्रस्य विसर्जने ।
उच्छिष्टः श्राद्धभुक चैव मनसाऽपि न चिन्तयेत ॥१०९॥
109. udake madhyarātre ca viṇmūtrasya visarjane ,
ucchiṣṭaḥ śrāddhabhuk caiva manasā'pi na cintayet.
109. udake madhyarātre ca viṇmūtrasya visarjane
ucchiṣṭaḥ śrāddhabhuk caiva manasā'pi na cintayet
109. One should not even think mentally of one who is impure (ucchistaḥ) after eating śrāddha food, during midnight, while discharging urine and feces, and in water.
प्रतिगृह्य द्विजो विद्वानेकोद्दिष्टस्य केतनम ।
त्र्यहं न कीर्तयेद ब्रह्म राज्ञो राहोश्च सूतके ॥११०॥
110. pratigṛhya dvijo vidvānekoddiṣṭasya ketanam ,
tryahaṁ na kīrtayed brahma rājño rāhośca sūtake.
110. pratigṛhya dvijo vidvān ekoddiṣṭasya ketanam
tryahaṃ na kīrtayet brahma rājño rāhośca sūtaka
110. A learned twice-born (dvija) who has accepted (a gift for) one-pointed śrāddha ceremony should not recite Vedic hymns for three days during the impurity (sūtaka) following the death of a king or a Rāhu (eclipse).
यावदेकानुदिष्टस्य गन्धो लेपश्च तिष्ठति ।
विप्रस्य विदुषो देहे तावद ब्रह्म न कीर्तयेत ॥१११॥
111. yāvadekānudiṣṭasya gandho lepaśca tiṣṭhati ,
viprasya viduṣo dehe tāvad brahma na kīrtayet.
111. yavat ekānuḍiṣṭasya gandhaḥ lepaḥ ca tiṣṭhati |
viprasya viduṣaḥ dehe tāvat brahma na kīrtayet
111. As long as the scent and residue of a deceased person (ekānuḍiṣṭa) remain on the body of a learned Brahmin (vidvān vipra), one should not chant the name of Brahman (brahma).
शयानः प्रौढपादश्च कृत्वा चैवावसक्थिकाम ।
नाधीयीतामिषं जग्ध्वा सूतकान्नाद्यमेव च ॥११२॥
112. śayānaḥ prauḍhapādaśca kṛtvā caivāvasakthikām ,
nādhīyītāmiṣaṁ jagdhvā sūtakānnādyameva ca.
112. śayānaḥ prauḍhapādaḥ ca kṛtvā ca evāvasathikām
| nādhīyītamiṣaṃ jagdhvā sūtakānnādyam eva ca
112. One should not study (adhīyīta) after eating food obtained from a state of impurity (sūtakānna), nor after killing a frog (miṣa) or after having performed the āvasathikam (a ritual bath).
नीहारे बाणशब्दे च संध्ययोरेव चोभयोः ।
अमावास्याचतुर्दश्योः पौर्णमास्यऽष्टकासु च ॥११३॥
113. nīhāre bāṇaśabde ca saṁdhyayoreva cobhayoḥ ,
amāvāsyācaturdaśyoḥ paurṇamāsy'ṣṭakāsu ca.
113. nīhāre bāṇaśabde ca saṃdhyayoreva cobhayoḥ
| amāvasyācaturdaśyoḥ pūrṇamāsyāṣṭakāsu ca
113. During fog, the sound of arrows, during both twilight periods (sandhyā), on the new moon (amāvasyā) and the fourteenth day (caturdaśī), and on the full moon (pūrṇamāsī) and the aṣṭakā days, one should not study.
अमावास्या गुरुं हन्ति शिष्यं हन्ति चतुर्दशी ।
ब्रह्माष्टकपौर्णमास्यौ तस्मात ताः परिवर्जयेत ॥११४॥
114. amāvāsyā guruṁ hanti śiṣyaṁ hanti caturdaśī ,
brahmāṣṭakapaurṇamāsyau tasmāt tāḥ parivarjayet.
114. amāvasyā gurut hanti śiṣyaṃ hanti cathurdaśī |
brahmāṣṭakapaurṇamāsyau tasmāt tāḥ parivarjayeta
114. The new moon day harms the teacher, the fourteenth day harms the disciple. The Brahmāṣṭakā and the full moon days are also mentioned. Therefore, one should avoid them.
पांसुवर्षे दिशां दाहे गोमायुविरुते तथा ।
श्वखरोष्ट्रे च रुवति पङ्क्तो च न पठेद द्विजः ॥११५॥
115. pāṁsuvarṣe diśāṁ dāhe gomāyuvirute tathā ,
śvakharoṣṭre ca ruvati paṅkto ca na paṭhed dvijaḥ.
115. pāṃsuvarṣe diśāṃ dāhe gomāyuvirute tathā |
śvakharoṣṭre ca ruvati paṅkto ca na paṭhed dvijaḥ
115. A twice-born (dvija) should not study during a rain of dust, when directions are burning, when jackals cry, or when dogs, donkeys, or camels bray, and when owls hoot. He should also not study if he is in a row or line.
नाधीयीत श्मशानान्ते ग्रामान्ते गोव्रजेऽपि वा ।
वसित्वा मैथुनं वासः श्राद्धिकं प्रतिगृह्य च ॥११६॥
116. nādhīyīta śmaśānānte grāmānte govraje'pi vā ,
vasitvā maithunaṁ vāsaḥ śrāddhikaṁ pratigṛhya ca.
116. nādhīyīta śmaśānānte grāmānte goavraje'pi vā |
vasitvā maithunaṃ vāsaḥ śrāddhikaṃ pratigṛhya ca
116. One should not study near a cremation ground, at the outskirts of a village, or in a cow pen. Also, after having stayed overnight, after marital intercourse, or after accepting gifts for a śrāddha (pious ceremony), one should not study.
प्राणि वा यदि वाऽप्राणि यत किं चित्श्राद्धिकं भवेत ।
तदालभ्याप्यनध्यायः पाण्यास्यो हि द्विजः स्मृतः ॥११७॥
117. prāṇi vā yadi vā'prāṇi yat kiṁ citśrāddhikaṁ bhavet ,
tadālabhyāpyanadhyāyaḥ pāṇyāsyo hi dvijaḥ smṛtaḥ.
117. prāṇi vā yadi vā'prāṇi yata kiṃ cit śrāddhikaṃ bhavet
| tadālambhāpyanadhyāyaḥ pāṇyāsyo hi dvijaḥ smṛtaḥ
117. Whether it is animate or inanimate, whatever might be received for a śrāddha (pious ceremony), after obtaining it, a twice-born (dvija) should not study, as he is considered to have touched impure substances.
चोरैरुपद्रुते ग्रामे संभ्रमे चाग्निकारिते ।
आकालिकमनध्यायं विद्यात सर्वाद्भुतेषु च ॥११८॥
118. corairupadrute grāme saṁbhrame cāgnikārite ,
ākālikamanadhyāyaṁ vidyāt sarvādbhuteṣu ca.
118. corairupadrute grāme saṃbhreme cāgnikārite
| ākālikamanadhyāyaṃ vidyāt sarvādbhuteṣu ca
118. In a village afflicted by thieves, in a state of confusion, or when fire rituals are performed, and in all calamities, one should know there is a temporary prohibition of study.
उपाकर्मणि चोत्सर्गे त्रिरात्रं क्षेपणं स्मृतम ।
अष्टकासु त्वहोरात्रं ऋत्वन्तासु च रात्रिषु ॥११९॥
119. upākarmaṇi cotsarge trirātraṁ kṣepaṇaṁ smṛtam ,
aṣṭakāsu tvahorātraṁ ṛtvantāsu ca rātriṣu.
119. upākarmaṇi ca utsarge tri rātraṃ kṣepaṇaṃ smṛtam
aṣṭakāsu tu aho rātraṃ ṛtavantāsu ca rātriṣu
119. During the upākarma (initiation ritual) and utsarga (completion ritual), a three-night period of omission is prescribed. During the Aṣṭakā (monthly ritual) and the final days of the month (ṛtvantā), a full day and night (or just a night) is prescribed.
नाधीयीताश्वमारूढो न वृक्षं न च हस्तिनम ।
न नावं न खरं नोष्ट्रं नैरिणस्थो न यानगः ॥१२०॥
120. nādhīyītāśvamārūḍho na vṛkṣaṁ na ca hastinam ,
na nāvaṁ na kharaṁ noṣṭraṁ nairiṇastho na yānagaḥ.
120. na adhīyīta aśvam ārūḍhaḥ na vṛkṣam na ca hastinam
na nāvam na kharam na uṣṭram na iṇasthaḥ na yānagaḥ
120. One should not study while mounted on a horse, nor in a tree, nor on an elephant. Not in a boat, nor on a donkey, nor on a camel. Not while standing on the ground, nor in a vehicle.
न विवादे न कलहे न सेनायां न सङ्गरे ।
न भुक्तमात्रे नाजीर्णे न वमित्वा न शुक्तके ॥१२१॥
121. na vivāde na kalahe na senāyāṁ na saṅgare ,
na bhuktamātre nājīrṇe na vamitvā na śuktake.
121. na vivāde na kalahe na senāyām na saṅgare na
bhuktamātre na ajīrṇe na vāmitvā na śuktake
121. Not in dispute, nor in argument, not in an army, nor in battle. Not immediately after eating, not when digestion is incomplete, not after vomiting, nor in a state of weakness or illness.
अतिथिं चाननुज्ञाप्य मारुते वाति वा भृशम ।
रुधिरे च स्रुते गात्रात्शस्त्रेण च परिक्षते ॥१२२॥
122. atithiṁ cānanujñāpya mārute vāti vā bhṛśam ,
rudhire ca srute gātrātśastreṇa ca parikṣate.
122. athitiṃ ca ananujñāpya marute vāti vā bhṛśam
rudhire ca srute gātrāt śastreṇa ca parikṣate
122. And without the permission of a guest, and when the wind blows strongly, or when blood flows profusely from the body, or when wounded by a weapon.
सामध्वनावृग्यजुषी नाधीयीत कदा चन ।
वेदस्याधीत्य वाऽप्यन्तमारण्यकमधीत्य च ॥१२३॥
123. sāmadhvanāvṛgyajuṣī nādhīyīta kadā cana ,
vedasyādhītya vā'pyantamāraṇyakamadhītya ca.
123. sāmadhvanāṛgyajuṣī nādhīyīta kadā cana |
vedasyādhītya vā'pyantamāraṇyakamadhītya ca
123. One should never study the Rigveda and Yajurveda with the Sama sound. After studying the Veda, or even the Upanishads (Aranyakam), one should study it.
ऋग्वेदो देवदैवत्यो यजुर्वेदस्तु मानुषः ।
सामवेदः स्मृतः पित्र्यस्तस्मात तस्याशुचिर्ध्वनिः ॥१२४॥
124. ṛgvedo devadaivatyo yajurvedastu mānuṣaḥ ,
sāmavedaḥ smṛtaḥ pitryastasmāt tasyāśucirdhvaniḥ.
124. ṛgvedo devadāivatyo yajurvedastu mānuṣaḥ |
sāmavedaḥ smṛtaḥ pitryaastasmāt tasyāśucirdhvaṇiḥ
124. The Rigveda is related to the gods, the Yajurveda to humans. The Sama Veda is remembered as being related to the ancestors, therefore its sound is considered impure.
एतद विद्वन्तो ??विद्वांसस्त्रयीनिष्कर्षमन्वहम ।
क्रमतः पूर्वमभ्यस्य पश्चाद वेदमधीयते ॥१२५॥
125. etad vidvanto ??vidvāṁsastrayīniṣkarṣamanvaham ,
kramataḥ pūrvamabhyasya paścād vedamadhīyate.
125. etad vidvanto ??vidvāṁsastrayīniskarṣamanvaham
| kramataḥ pūrvamabhyasya paścād vedamadhīyate
125. Those who do not know this, however, study the essence of the three Vedas daily in order, first practicing them, and then studying the Veda.
पशुमण्डूकमार्जारश्वसर्पनकुलाखुभिः ।
अन्तरागमने विद्यादनध्यायमहर्निशम ॥१२६॥
126. paśumaṇḍūkamārjāraśvasarpanakulākhubhiḥ ,
antarāgamane vidyādanadhyāyamaharniśam.
126. paśumaṇḍūkamārjāraśvasarpanakulākhubhiḥ
| antarāgamanavidyādanadhyāyamaharniśam
126. In case of interference (anantara-āgamana) by animals like cattle, frogs, cats, dogs, snakes, mongooses, and rats, one should know there is anadhyaya (a period when study is forbidden) day and night.
द्वावेव वर्जयेन्नित्यमनध्यायौ प्रयत्नतः ।
स्वाध्यायभूमिं चाशुद्धमात्मानं चाशुचिं द्विजः ॥१२७॥
127. dvāveva varjayennityamanadhyāyau prayatnataḥ ,
svādhyāyabhūmiṁ cāśuddhamātmānaṁ cāśuciṁ dvijaḥ.
127. dvāveva varjayennityamanadhyāyau prayatnataḥ |
svādhyāyabhūmiṃ cāśuddhamātmānaṃ cāśuciṃ dvijaḥ
127. A twice-born person (dvija) should always diligently avoid two situations that prevent study: an impure place of study and an impure self (ātman).
अमावास्यामष्टमीं च पौर्णमासीं चतुर्दशीम ।
ब्रह्मचारी भवेन्नित्यमप्यर्तौ स्नातको द्विजः ॥१२८॥
128. amāvāsyāmaṣṭamīṁ ca paurṇamāsīṁ caturdaśīm ,
brahmacārī bhavennityamapyartau snātako dvijaḥ.
128. amāvāsyāmaṣṭamīṃ ca paurṇamāsīṃ caturdaśīm |
brahmacārī bhavennityamapyṛtau snātake dvijaḥ
128. A twice-born person (dvija), even during their period (ṛtau), should always be celibate on the new moon (amāvāsyām), the eighth day (aṣṭamīm), the full moon (pūrṇamāsīm), and the fourteenth day (caturdaśīm).
न स्नानमाचरेद भुक्त्वा नातुरो न महानिशि ।
न वासोभिः सहाजस्रं नाविज्ञाते जलाशये ॥१२९॥
129. na snānamācared bhuktvā nāturo na mahāniśi ,
na vāsobhiḥ sahājasraṁ nāvijñāte jalāśaye.
129. na snānamācaret bhukt vā nātaro na mahāniśi
| na vāsobhiḥ sahājasraṃ nāvijñāte jalāśaye
129. One should not bathe after eating, when unwell, or late at night. One should not bathe with clothes on, nor in an unknown body of water.
देवतानां गुरो राज्ञः स्नातकाचार्ययोस्तथा ।
नाक्रामेत कामतश्छायां बभ्रुणो दीक्षितस्य च ॥१३०॥
130. devatānāṁ guro rājñaḥ snātakācāryayostathā ,
nākrāmet kāmataśchāyāṁ babhruṇo dīkṣitasya ca.
130. devatānāṃ guro rājñaḥ snātakācāryayostathā |
nākrameta kāmatac chāyāṃ babhruṇo dīkṣitasya ca
130. One should not intentionally step over the shadow of deities, a guru, a king, a Snātaka (student who has completed studies), an ācārya (teacher), a Bhabhru (a type of ascetic or person), or a consecrated person (dīkṣita).
मध्यंदिनेऽर्धरात्रे च श्राद्धं भुक्त्वा च सामिषम ।
संध्ययोरुभयोश्चैव न सेवेत चतुष्पथम ॥१३१॥
131. madhyaṁdine'rdharātre ca śrāddhaṁ bhuktvā ca sāmiṣam ,
saṁdhyayorubhayoścaiva na seveta catuṣpatham.
131. madhyandine'rdharātre ca śrāddhaṃ bhuktvā ca sāmiṣam
saṃdhyayōrubhayōścai'va na sēvēta catuṣpatham
131. One should not frequent crossroads at midday, midnight, after eating a śrāddha meal with meat, or during both twilight periods.
उद्वर्तनमपस्नानं विण्मूत्रे रक्तमेव च ।
श्लेश्मनिष्ठ्यूतवान्तानि नाधितिष्ठेत तु कामतः ॥१३२॥
132. udvartanamapasnānaṁ viṇmūtre raktameva ca ,
śleśmaniṣṭhyūtavāntāni nādhitiṣṭhet tu kāmataḥ.
132. udvartanamapasnānaṃ viṇmūtrē raktamēva ca
ślēṣmaniṣṭhūta'vāntāni nādhitiṣṭhēta tu kāmataḥ
132. One should not intentionally approach excrement, urine, blood, phlegm, vomited matter, or perform an oil massage or ritual bath after them.
वैरिणं नोपसेवेत सहायं चैव वैरिणः ।
अधार्मिकं तस्करं च परस्यैव च योषितम ॥१३३॥
133. vairiṇaṁ nopaseveta sahāyaṁ caiva vairiṇaḥ ,
adhārmikaṁ taskaraṁ ca parasyaiva ca yoṣitam.
133. vairiṇaṃ nōpasēvēta sahāyaṃ cai'va vairiṇaḥ
adharmikaṃ taskaraṃ ca parasyaiva ca yōṣitam
133. One should not associate with an enemy, nor with an enemy's ally. One should not associate with the unrighteous, a thief, or another person's wife.
न हीदृशमनायुष्यं लोके किं चन विद्यते ।
यादृशं पुरुषस्येह परदारोपसेवनम ॥१३४॥
134. na hīdṛśamanāyuṣyaṁ loke kiṁ cana vidyate ,
yādṛśaṁ puruṣasyeha paradāropasevanam.
134. na hīdṛśamanāyuṣyaṃ lōkē kiṃ cana vidyatē
yādṛśaṃ puruṣasyēha paradārōpasēvanam
134. Indeed, nothing in the world is as life-shortening as a man's involvement with another's wife.
क्षत्रियं चैव सर्पं च ब्राह्मणं च बहुश्रुतम ।
नावमन्येत वै भूष्णुः कृशानपि कदा चन ॥१३५॥
135. kṣatriyaṁ caiva sarpaṁ ca brāhmaṇaṁ ca bahuśrutam ,
nāvamanyeta vai bhūṣṇuḥ kṛśānapi kadā cana.
135. kṣatriyam caiva sarpam ca brāhmaṇam ca bahuśrutam
| nāvamanyeta vai bhūṣṇuḥ kṛśānapi kadā cana
135. kṣatriyam caiva sarpam ca brāhmaṇam ca bahuśrutam
bhūṣṇuḥ kṛśānapi kadā cana nāvamanyeta vai
135. One should never disrespect a kshatriya, a snake, or a highly learned brahmin, even if they are weak or seem insignificant at any time.
एतत त्रयं हि पुरुषं निर्दहेदवमानितम ।
तस्मादेतत त्रयं नित्यं नावमन्येत बुद्धिमान ॥१३६॥
136. etat trayaṁ hi puruṣaṁ nirdahedavamānitam ,
tasmādetat trayaṁ nityaṁ nāvamanyeta buddhimān.
136. etat trayam hi puruṣam nirdahadavamānitam |
tasmād etat trayam nityam nāvamanyeta buddhimān
136. etat trayam hi avamānitam puruṣam nirdahat tasmāt
buddhimān nityam etat trayam na avamaanyeta
136. This triad, when insulted, can destroy a person. Therefore, a wise person should never insult these three.
नात्मानमवमन्येत पुर्वाभिरसमृद्धिभिः ।
आ मृत्योः श्रियमन्विच्छेन्नैनां मन्येत दुर्लभाम ॥१३७॥
137. nātmānamavamanyeta purvābhirasamṛddhibhiḥ ,
ā mṛtyoḥ śriyamanvicchennaināṁ manyeta durlabhām.
137. nātmanamaavamaanyeta pūrvābhirasamṛddhibhiḥ | ā
mṛtyoḥ śriyam anvicchen naināṃ manyeta durlabhām
137. ātmanam pūrvābhirasamṛddhibhiḥ na avamaanyeta ā
mṛtyoḥ śriyam anvicchet nainām durlabhām manyeta
137. One should not disrespect oneself due to past lack of prosperity. Until death, one should seek prosperity, and not consider it unattainable.
सत्यं ब्रूयात प्रियं ब्रूयान्न ब्रूयात सत्यमप्रियम ।
प्रियं च नानृतं ब्रूयादेष धर्मः सनातनः ॥१३८॥
138. satyaṁ brūyāt priyaṁ brūyānna brūyāt satyamapriyam ,
priyaṁ ca nānṛtaṁ brūyādeṣa dharmaḥ sanātanaḥ.
138. satyam brūyāt priyam brūyāt na brūyāt satyam apriyam
| priyam ca nānṛtam brūyāt eṣa dharmaḥ sanātanaḥ
138. satyam brūyāt priyam brūyāt satyam apriyam na brūyāt
priyam ca anṛtam na brūyāt eṣaḥ sanātanaḥ dharmaḥ
138. One should speak the truth. One should speak what is pleasant. One should not speak unpleasant truth. And one should not speak falsehood, even if pleasant. This is the eternal natural law (dharma).
भद्रं भद्रमिति ब्रूयाद भद्रमित्येव वा वदेत ।
शुष्कवैरं विवादं च न कुर्यात केन चित सह ॥१३९॥
139. bhadraṁ bhadramiti brūyād bhadramityeva vā vadet ,
śuṣkavairaṁ vivādaṁ ca na kuryāt kena cit saha.
139. bhadraṃ bhadramiti brūyād bhadramityeva vā vadeta
śuṣkavairaṃ vivādaṃ ca na kuryāt kena cit saha
139. kena cit saha śuṣkavairaṃ vivādaṃ ca na kuryāt
bhadraṃ bhadramiti brūyāt vā bhadramityeva vadeta
139. One should say 'auspicious, auspicious,' or simply say 'auspicious.' One should not engage in needless quarrels or arguments with anyone.
नातिकल्यं नातिसायं नातिमध्यंदिने स्थिते ।
नाज्ञातेन समं गच्छेन्नैको न वृषलैः सह ॥१४०॥
140. nātikalyaṁ nātisāyaṁ nātimadhyaṁdine sthite ,
nājñātena samaṁ gacchennaiko na vṛṣalaiḥ saha.
140. nātikalyam nātisāyaṃ nātimadhyandine sthite
nājñātena samaṃ gacchennai ko na vṛṣalaiḥ saha
140. nātikalyam nātisāyaṃ nātimadhyandine sthite
eko na nājñātena samaṃ na vṛṣalaiḥ saha gacche
140. One should not travel too early, too late, or when it is midday. One should not go with an unknown person, alone, or with those considered outcasts (vṛṣala).
हीनाङ्गानतिरिक्ताङ्गान विद्याहीनान वयोऽधिकान ।
रूपद्रविणहीनांश्च जातिहीनांश्च नाक्षिपेत ॥१४१॥
141. hīnāṅgānatiriktāṅgān vidyāhīnān vayo'dhikān ,
rūpadraviṇahīnāṁśca jātihīnāṁśca nākṣipet.
141. hīnāṅgān atiriktāṅgān vidyāhīnān vayoʿdhikān
rūpadraviṇahīnāṃś ca jāti hīnāṃś ca nā kṣipeta
141. hīnāṅgān atiriktāṅgān vidyāhīnān vayo adhikān
rūpadraviṇahīnān ca jāti hīnān ca na akṣipeta
141. One should not criticize those who are deficient in limbs or have extra limbs, those lacking knowledge, those older than oneself, those lacking beauty or wealth, or those of low birth.
न स्पृशेत पाणिनोच्छिष्टो विप्रो गोब्राह्मणानलाण ।
न चापि पश्येदशुचिः सुस्थो ज्योतिर्गणान दिवा ॥१४२॥
142. na spṛśet pāṇinocchiṣṭo vipro gobrāhmaṇānalāṇ ,
na cāpi paśyedaśuciḥ sustho jyotirgaṇān divā.
142. na spṛśeta pāṇinā ucchiṣṭo vipraḥ gobrāhmaṇān analān
na cāpi paśyed aśuciḥ susthaḥ jyotirgaṇān divā
142. vipraḥ pāṇinā ucchiṣṭaḥ gobrāhmaṇān analān na spṛśeta
cāpi aśuciḥ susthaḥ divā jyotirgaṇān na paśyet
142. A twice-born person (vipra) should not touch remnants of food (ucchishta) with their hand, nor should they touch cows, brahmins, or fire. Also, one who is impure (aśuci) should not observe the stars or luminaries during the day while in a healthy state.
स्पृष्ट्वैतानशुचिर्नित्यमद्भिः प्राणानुपस्पृशेत ।
गात्राणि चैव सर्वाणि नाभिं पाणितलेन तु ॥१४३॥
143. spṛṣṭvaitānaśucirnityamadbhiḥ prāṇānupaspṛśet ,
gātrāṇi caiva sarvāṇi nābhiṁ pāṇitalena tu.
143. spṛṣṭvā etān aśuciḥ nityam adbhiḥ prāṇān upaspṛśet
gātrāṇi ca eva sarvāṇi nābhim pāṇitalena tu
143. spṛṣṭvā etān aśuciḥ nityam adbhiḥ prāṇān upaspṛśet
gātrāṇi ca eva sarvāṇi nābhim pāṇitalena tu
143. Having touched these impure things, one should constantly touch the vital breaths (prāṇa) with water, and also all the limbs, and the navel with the palm.
अनातुरः स्वानि खानि न स्पृशेदनिमित्ततः ।
रोमाणि च रहस्यानि सर्वाण्येव विवर्जयेत ॥१४४॥
144. anāturaḥ svāni khāni na spṛśedanimittataḥ ,
romāṇi ca rahasyāni sarvāṇyeva vivarjayet.
144. anāturaḥ svāni khāni na spṛśet animittataḥ
romāṇi ca rahāsyāni sarvāṇi eva vivarjayet
144. anāturaḥ svāni khāni na spṛśet animittataḥ
romāṇi ca rahāsyāni sarvāṇi eva vivarjayet
144. A person who is not unwell should not touch their own orifices or private parts without reason. They should also avoid touching hair and private areas altogether.
मङ्गलाचारयुक्तः स्यात प्रयतात्मा जितेन्द्रियः ।
जपेच्च जुहुयाच्चैव नित्यमग्निमतन्द्रितः ॥१४५॥
145. maṅgalācārayuktaḥ syāt prayatātmā jitendriyaḥ ,
japecca juhuyāccaiva nityamagnimatandritaḥ.
145. maṅgalācārayuktaḥ syāt prayatātmā jitendriyaḥ
japet ca juhuyāt ca eva nityam agnim atandritaḥ
145. maṅgalācārayuktaḥ syāt prayatātmā jitendriyaḥ
japet ca juhuyāt ca eva nityam agnim atandritaḥ
145. One should be engaged in auspicious conduct, have a controlled mind, and be master of their senses. They should also constantly chant and perform fire rituals (homa) diligently.
मङ्गलाचारयुक्तानां नित्यं च प्रयतात्मनाम ।
जपतां जुह्वतां चैव विनिपातो न विद्यते ॥१४६॥
146. maṅgalācārayuktānāṁ nityaṁ ca prayatātmanām ,
japatāṁ juhvatāṁ caiva vinipāto na vidyate.
146. maṅgalācārayuktānām nityam ca prayatātmanām
japanām juhvatām ca eva vinipātaḥ na vidyate
146. maṅgalācārayuktānām nityam ca prayatātmanām
japanām juhvatām ca eva vinipātaḥ na vidyate
146. For those who are engaged in auspicious conduct, have controlled minds, and are diligent in chanting and performing fire rituals (homa), there is no downfall.
वेदमेवाभ्यसेन्नित्यं यथाकालमतन्द्रितः ।
तं ह्यस्याहुः परं धर्ममुपधर्मोऽन्य उच्यते ॥१४७॥
147. vedamevābhyasennityaṁ yathākālamatandritaḥ ,
taṁ hyasyāhuḥ paraṁ dharmamupadharmo'nya ucyate.
147. vedam evābhyasēt nityaṃ yathākālam atandritaḥ taṃ
hi asya āhuḥ paraṃ dharmam upadharmed anyaḥ ucyatē
147. asya paraṃ dharmam taṃ hi āhuḥ,
anyaḥ upadharmaḥ ucyatē,
nityaṃ yathākālam atandritaḥ vedam eva abhyasēt
147. One should constantly study the Veda, without laziness, at the appropriate time. This is declared to be its supreme [constitutional] nature (dharma). Any other is called a secondary [constitutional] nature (upadharma).
वेदाभ्यासेन सततं शौचेन तपसैव च ।
अद्रोहेण च भूतानां जातिं स्मरति पौर्विकीम ॥१४८॥
148. vedābhyāsena satataṁ śaucena tapasaiva ca ,
adroheṇa ca bhūtānāṁ jātiṁ smarati paurvikīm.
148. vēdābhyāsēna satataṃ śaucēna tapasā ēva ca
adrōhēṇa ca bhūtānāṃ jātim smarati paurvikīm
148. satataṃ vēdābhyāsēna śaucēna tapasā ēva ca
bhūtānāṃ adrōhēṇa ca paurvikīṃ jātim smarati
148. By constant study of the Veda, by purity, by austerity, and by non-violence towards beings, one remembers the ancestral [past] birth.
पौर्विकीं संस्मरन जातिं ब्रह्मैवाभ्यस्यते पुनः ।
ब्रह्माभ्यासेन चाजस्रमनन्तं सुखमश्नुते ॥१४९॥
149. paurvikīṁ saṁsmaran jātiṁ brahmaivābhyasyate punaḥ ,
brahmābhyāsena cājasramanantaṁ sukhamaśnute.
149. paurvikīm saṃsmaran brāhmai evā `abhyasyatē` punaḥ
brāhma `abhyāsēna` ca ajasram anantam sukham aśnutē
149. paurvikīṃ jātim saṃsmaran punaḥ brahma eva abhyasyatē,
ca ajasram brahma abhyāsēna anantam sukham aśnutē
149. Remembering the ancestral [past] birth, one again studies Brahman. By constantly studying Brahman, one obtains infinite happiness.
सावित्रान शान्तिहोमांश्च कुर्यात पर्वसु नित्यशः ।
पितॄंश्चैवाष्टकास्वर्चेन्नित्यमन्वष्टकासु च ॥१५०॥
150. sāvitrān śāntihomāṁśca kuryāt parvasu nityaśaḥ ,
pitṝṁścaivāṣṭakāsvarcennityamanvaṣṭakāsu ca.
150. sāvitraṃ `śāntihomān` ca kuryāt parvasu nityaśaḥ pitṛn
ca ēva `aṣṭakāsu` `arccēt` nityam `anvaṣṭakāsu` ca
150. nityaśaḥ parvasu sāvitraṃ śāntihomān ca kuryāt,
ca ēva aṣṭakāsu pitṛn arccēt nityam anvāṣṭakāsu ca
150. One should perform the Savitri and Shanti fire rituals daily on auspicious days. And one should always honor the ancestors on the Ashtaka days and on the days following them.
दूरादावसथान मूत्रं दूरात पादावसेचनम ।
उच्छिष्टान्ननिषेकं च दूरादेव समाचरेत ॥१५१॥
151. dūrādāvasathān mūtraṁ dūrāt pādāvasecanam ,
ucchiṣṭānnaniṣekaṁ ca dūrādeva samācaret.
151. dūrāt avasthāna mūtraṃ dūrāt pādāvasecanam
ucchiṣṭānnaniṣekaṃ ca dūrāt eva samācaret
151. Urinating from a distance, washing feet from a distance, and disposing of leftover food from a distance should all be done from afar.
मैत्रं प्रसाधनं स्नानं दन्तधावनमञ्जनम ।
पूर्वाह्ण एव कुर्वीत देवतानां च पूजनम ॥१५२॥
152. maitraṁ prasādhanaṁ snānaṁ dantadhāvanamañjanam ,
pūrvāhṇa eva kurvīta devatānāṁ ca pūjanam.
152. maitraṃ prasādhanaṃ snānaṃ dantadhāvanamañjanam
pūrvāhṇa eva kurvīta devatānāṃ ca pūjanam
152. Companionship, grooming, bathing, cleaning teeth, applying collyrium, and worshipping the deities should all be done in the forenoon.
दैवतान्यभिगच्छेत तु धार्मिकांश्च द्विजोत्तमान ।
ईश्वरं चैव रक्षार्थं गुरूनेव च पर्वसु । ॥१५३॥
153. daivatānyabhigacchet tu dhārmikāṁśca dvijottamān ,
īśvaraṁ caiva rakṣārthaṁ gurūneva ca parvasu ,.
153. daivatānyabhigaccheta tu dhārmikāṃś ca dvijottamān
īśvaraṃ ca eva rakṣārthaṃ gurūneva ca parvasu
153. One should approach deities, righteous excellent Brahmins, the lord (for protection), and also gurus on auspicious days.
अभिवादयेद वृद्धांश्च दद्याच्चैवासनं स्वकम ।
कृताञ्जलिरुपासीत गच्छतः पृष्ठतोऽन्वियात ॥१५४॥
154. abhivādayed vṛddhāṁśca dadyāccaivāsanaṁ svakam ,
kṛtāñjalirupāsīta gacchataḥ pṛṣṭhato'nviyāt.
154. abhivādayed vṛddhāṃś ca dadȳāc ca āsanaṃ svakam
kṛtāñjalir upāsīta gacchataḥ pṛṣṭhato 'nviyāt
154. One should greet elders and offer them one's own seat. One should sit with folded hands, and follow behind those who are leaving.
श्रुतिस्मृत्योदितं सम्यG निबद्धं स्वेषु कर्मसु ।
धर्ममूलं निषेवेत सदाचारमतन्द्रितः ॥१५५॥
155. śrutismṛtyoditaṁ samyaG nibaddhaṁ sveṣu karmasu ,
dharmamūlaṁ niṣeveta sadācāramatandritaḥ.
155. śruti smṛti uditaṃ samyaG nibaddhaṃ sveṣu karmasu
dharma mūlaṃ niṣeveta sadācāram atandritaḥ
155. One should diligently adhere to good conduct (sadācāra), which is rooted in dharma (innate nature), and is established in one's duties as prescribed by śruti (Vedic revelation) and smṛti (tradition).
आचारात्लभते ह्यायुराचारादीप्सिताः प्रजाः ।
आचाराद धनमक्षय्यमाचारो हन्त्यलक्षणम ॥१५६॥
156. ācārātlabhate hyāyurācārādīpsitāḥ prajāḥ ,
ācārād dhanamakṣayyamācāro hantyalakṣaṇam.
156. ācārāt labhate hy āyuḥ ācārāt īpsitāḥ prajāḥ
ācārāt dhanam akṣayyaṃ ācāraḥ hanti alakṣaṇam
156. From good conduct (ācāra) one obtains long life, from good conduct one obtains desired offspring. From good conduct one obtains imperishable wealth, and good conduct destroys misfortune.
दुराचारो हि पुरुषो लोके भवति निन्दितः ।
दुःखभागी च सततं व्याधितोऽल्पायुरेव च ॥१५७॥
157. durācāro hi puruṣo loke bhavati ninditaḥ ,
duḥkhabhāgī ca satataṁ vyādhito'lpāyureva ca.
157. durācāraḥ hi puruṣaḥ loke bhavati ninditaḥ duḥkha
bhāgī ca satataṃ vyādhitaḥ alpa āyuḥ eva ca
157. Indeed, a man of bad conduct (durācāra) in the world is condemned, and is constantly a participant in suffering, afflicted with illness, and has a short life.
सर्वलक्षणहीनोऽपि यः सदाचारवान्नरः ।
श्रद्दधानोऽनसूयश्च शतं वर्षाणि जीवति ॥१५८॥
158. sarvalakṣaṇahīno'pi yaḥ sadācāravānnaraḥ ,
śraddadhāno'nasūyaśca śataṁ varṣāṇi jīvati.
158. sarva lakṣaṇa hīnaḥ api yaḥ sadācāra vān naraḥ
śraddadhānaḥ anasūyaḥ ca śataṃ varṣāṇi jīvati
158. Even a man lacking all marks of distinction (sarvalakṣaṇa), if he possesses good conduct (sadācāra), is faithfull (śraddadhāna), and is without envy (anasūya), lives for a hundred years.
यद यत परवशं कर्म तत तद यत्नेन वर्जयेत यद यदात्मवशं तु स्यात तत तत सेवेत यत्नतः । ॥१५९॥
159. yad yat paravaśaṁ karma tat tad yatnena varjayet yad yadātmavaśaṁ tu syāt tat tat seveta yatnataḥ ,.
159. yat yat paravaśam karma tat tad yatnena varjayeta
yat yat ātmaavaśam tu syāt tat tat sevet yatnataḥ
159. Whatever action (karma) is dependent on others, that should be abandoned with effort. Whatever action is dependent on oneself, that should be pursued with effort.
सर्वं परवशं दुःखं सर्वमात्मवशं सुखम ।
एतद विद्यात समासेन लक्षणं सुखदुःखयोः ॥१६०॥
160. sarvaṁ paravaśaṁ duḥkhaṁ sarvamātmavaśaṁ sukham ,
etad vidyāt samāsena lakṣaṇaṁ sukhaduḥkhayoḥ.
160. sarvam paravaśam duḥkham sarvam ātmaavaśam sukham
etad vidyāt samāsena lakṣaṇam sukha-duḥkhayoḥ
160. Everything dependent on others is suffering (duḥkha); everything dependent on oneself is happiness (sukha). This should be known as the essential characteristic of happiness and suffering (sukha-duḥkhayoḥ), in brief.
यत कर्म कुर्वतोऽस्य स्यात परितोषोऽन्तरात्मनः ।
तत प्रयत्नेन कुर्वीत विपरीतं तु वर्जयेत ॥१६१॥
161. yat karma kurvato'sya syāt paritoṣo'ntarātmanaḥ ,
tat prayatnena kurvīta viparītaṁ tu varjayet.
161. yat karma kurvato asya syāt paritoshah antarātmanah
tat yatnena kurvīta viparītam tu varjayeta
161. Whatever action (karma) one performs, by which there is satisfaction of the inner self (antarātmanaḥ), that one should perform with effort. But the opposite should be abandoned.
आचार्यं च प्रवक्तारं पितरं मातरं गुरुम ।
न हिंस्याद ब्राह्मणान गाश्च सर्वांश्चैव तपस्विनः ॥१६२॥
162. ācāryaṁ ca pravaktāraṁ pitaraṁ mātaraṁ gurum ,
na hiṁsyād brāhmaṇān gāśca sarvāṁścaiva tapasvinaḥ.
162. ācāryam ca pravaktāram pitaraṃ mātaraṃ gurum na
hiṃsyād brāhmaṇān gāḥ ca sarvān ca eva tapasvinaḥ
162. One should not harm the teacher (ācāryam), the speaker (pravaktāram), the father, the mother, the spiritual guide (gurum), Brahmins, cows, and indeed all ascetics (tapasvinaḥ).
नास्तिक्यं वेदनिन्दां च देवतानां च कुत्सनम ।
द्वेषं दम्भं च मानं च क्रोधं तैक्ष्ह्ण्यं च वर्जयेत ॥१६३॥
163. nāstikyaṁ vedanindāṁ ca devatānāṁ ca kutsanam ,
dveṣaṁ dambhaṁ ca mānaṁ ca krodhaṁ taikṣhṇyaṁ ca varjayet.
163. nāstikyaṃ vedanindāṃ ca devatānāṃ ca kutsanam | dveṣaṃ
dambhaṃ ca mānaṃ ca krodhaṃ taiṣkṣṇyaṃ ca varjayet
163. ca nāstikyaṃ vedanindāṃ ca devatānāṃ kutsanam dveṣaṃ
dambhaṃ ca mānaṃ ca krodhaṃ ca taiṣkṣṇyaṃ varjayet
163. One should abandon atheism, slander of the Vedas, denigration of the deities, hatred, hypocrisy, arrogance, anger, and cruelty.
परस्य दण्डं नोद्यच्छेत क्रुद्धो नैनं निपातयेत ।
अन्यत्र पुत्रात्शिष्याद वा शिष्ट्यर्थं ताडयेत तु तौ ॥१६४॥
164. parasya daṇḍaṁ nodyacchet kruddho nainaṁ nipātayet ,
anyatra putrātśiṣyād vā śiṣṭyarthaṁ tāḍayet tu tau.
164. parasya daṇḍaṃ nod ucceta kruddho nainam nipātayet |
anyatra putrāt śiṣyād vā śiṣṭyarthaṃ tāḍayet tu tau
164. kruddho parasya daṇḍam na ucceta nainam na nipātayet
tu tau anyatra putrāt vā śiṣyāt śiṣṭyarthaṃ tāḍayet
164. In anger, one should not raise the staff against another person, nor should one strike them down. Except for a son or a disciple, one may strike them for the purpose of correction.
ब्राह्मणायावगुर्यैव द्विजातिर्वधकाम्यया ??।
शतं वर्षाणि तामिस्रे नरके परिवर्तते ॥१६५॥
165. brāhmaṇāyāvaguryaiva dvijātirvadhakāmyayā ??,
śataṁ varṣāṇi tāmisre narake parivartate.
165. brāhmaṇāy avagurya eva dvijātiḥ vadha-kāmyayā
?? śataṃ varṣāṇi tāmisre narake parivartate
165. dvijātiḥ brāhmaṇāya eva vadha-kāmyayā avagurya
?? śataṃ varṣāṇi tāmisre narake parivartate
165. A twice-born person (dvijāti) who deliberately insults a Brahmin, desiring to kill him, remains in the Tamisra hell for a hundred years.
ताडयित्वा तृणेनापि संरम्भात्मतिपूर्वकम ।
एकविंशतीमाजातीः पापयोनिषु जायते ॥१६६॥
166. tāḍayitvā tṛṇenāpi saṁrambhātmatipūrvakam ,
ekaviṁśatīmājātīḥ pāpayoniṣu jāyate.
166. tāḍayitvā tṛṇena api saṃrambhāt matipūrvakam
| ekaviṃśatim ājātīḥ pāpayoniṣu jāyate
166. api tṛṇena tāḍayitvā saṃrambhāt matipūrvakam
ekaviṃśatiḥ ājātīḥ pāpayoniṣu jāyate
166. Having struck someone even with a blade of grass, with excessive anger and intentionally, one is born among the lower species for twenty-one generations.
अयुध्यमानस्योत्पाद्य ब्राह्मणस्यासृगङ्गतः ।
दुःखं सुमहदाप्नोति प्रेत्याप्राज्ञतया नरः ॥१६७॥
167. ayudhyamānasyotpādya brāhmaṇasyāsṛgaṅgataḥ ,
duḥkhaṁ sumahadāpnoti pretyāprājñatayā naraḥ.
शोणितं यावतः पांसून सङ्गृह्णाति महीतलात ।
तावतोऽब्दानमुत्रान्यैः शोणितोत्पादकोऽद्यते ॥१६८॥
168. śoṇitaṁ yāvataḥ pāṁsūn saṅgṛhṇāti mahītalāt ,
tāvato'bdānamutrānyaiḥ śoṇitotpādako'dyate.
न कदा चिद द्विजे तस्माद विद्वानवगुरेदपि ।
न ताडयेत तृणेनापि न गात्रात स्रावयेदसृक ॥१६९॥
169. na kadā cid dvije tasmād vidvānavaguredapi ,
na tāḍayet tṛṇenāpi na gātrāt srāvayedasṛk.
अधार्मिको नरो यो हि यस्य चाप्यनृतं धनम ।
हिंसारतश्च यो नित्यं नैहासौ सुखमेधते ॥१७०॥
170. adhārmiko naro yo hi yasya cāpyanṛtaṁ dhanam ,
hiṁsārataśca yo nityaṁ naihāsau sukhamedhate.
न सीदन्नपि धर्मेण मनोऽधर्मे निवेशयेत ।
अधार्मिकानां पापानामाशु पश्यन विपर्ययम ॥१७१॥
171. na sīdannapi dharmeṇa mano'dharme niveśayet ,
adhārmikānāṁ pāpānāmāśu paśyan viparyayam.
नाधर्मश्चरितो लोके सद्यः फलति गौरिव ।
शनैरावर्त्यमानस्तु कर्तुर्मूलानि कृन्तति ॥१७२॥
172. nādharmaścarito loke sadyaḥ phalati gauriva ,
śanairāvartyamānastu karturmūlāni kṛntati.
यदि नात्मनि पुत्रेषु न चेत पुत्रेषु नप्तृषु ।
न त्वेव तु कृतोऽधर्मः कर्तुर्भवति निष्फलः ॥१७३॥
173. yadi nātmani putreṣu na cet putreṣu naptṛṣu ,
na tveva tu kṛto'dharmaḥ karturbhavati niṣphalaḥ.
173. yadi na ātmani putreṣu na cet putreṣu naptṛṣu | na
tveva tu kṛtaḥ adharmaḥ kartur bhavati niṣphalaḥ
173. tu kṛtaḥ adharmaḥ ātmani na putreṣu na naptṛṣu
cet na api kartur niṣphalaḥ bhavati yadi
173. If an unrighteous act (adharma) is not committed against oneself, or one's children, or one's grandchildren, it certainly does not become fruitless for the doer.
अधर्मेणैधते तावत ततो भद्राणि पश्यति ।
ततः सपत्नान जयति समूलस्तु विनश्यति ॥१७४॥
174. adharmeṇaidhate tāvat tato bhadrāṇi paśyati ,
tataḥ sapatnān jayati samūlastu vinaśyati.
174. adharmenaitah tāvat tato bhadrāṇi paśyati |
tataḥ sapatnān jayati samūlam tu vinaśyati
174. tu adharmeṇa tāvat etah tataḥ bhadrāṇi paśyati
tataḥ sapatnān jayati samūlam vinaśyati
174. One prospers for a time through unrighteousness (adharma), then one sees good things, then one conquers enemies, but ultimately one perishes root and all.
सत्यधर्मार्यवृत्तेषु शौचे चैवारमेत सदा ।
शिष्यांश्च शिष्याद धर्मेण वाच ॥१७५॥
175. satyadharmāryavṛtteṣu śauce caivāramet sadā ,
śiṣyāṁśca śiṣyād dharmeṇa vāc.
175. satyadharmāryavṛtteṣu śaucei caivārameta
sadā | śiṣyāṁś ca śiṣyād dharmeṇa vāca
175. ca sadā śaucei satyadharmāryavṛtteṣu
ārameta eva ca śiṣyān dharmeṇa vāca śiṣyāt
175. One should always engage in truth, righteousness (dharma), noble conduct, and purity. And one should teach disciples dharma (dharma) through speech.
परित्यजेदर्थकामौ यौ स्यातां धर्मवर्जितौ ।
धर्मं चाप्यसुखोदर्कं लोकसङ्क्रुष्टमेव च ॥१७६॥
176. parityajedarthakāmau yau syātāṁ dharmavarjitau ,
dharmaṁ cāpyasukhodarkaṁ lokasaṅkruṣṭameva ca.
176. parityajed arthakāmau yau syātāṁ dharmavarjitau
| dharmaṁ cāpyasukhodarkaṁ lokasaṅkruṣṭam eva ca
176. ca arthakāmau parityajet yau dharmavarjitau syātām
eva ca asukhodarkaṁ lokasaṅkruṣṭam dharmaṁ api
176. One should abandon wealth and desire if they are devoid of righteousness (dharma). One should also abandon dharma (dharma) that leads to unhappiness and is condemned by the world.
न पाणिपादचपलो न नेत्रचपलोऽनृजुः ।
न स्याद वाक्चपलश्चैव न परद्रोहकर्मधीः ॥१७७॥
177. na pāṇipādacapalo na netracapalo'nṛjuḥ ,
na syād vākcapalaścaiva na paradrohakarmadhīḥ.
येनास्य पितरो याता येन याताः पितामहाः ।
तेन यायात सतां मार्गं तेन गच्छन्न रिष्यति ॥१७८॥
178. yenāsya pitaro yātā yena yātāḥ pitāmahāḥ ,
tena yāyāt satāṁ mārgaṁ tena gacchanna riṣyati.
ऋत्विक्पुरोहिताचार्यैर्मातुलातिथिसंश्रितैः ।
बालवृद्धातुरैर्वैद्यैर्ज्ञातिसंबन्धिबान्धवैः ॥१७९॥
179. ṛtvikpurohitācāryairmātulātithisaṁśritaiḥ ,
bālavṛddhāturairvaidyairjñātisaṁbandhibāndhavaiḥ.
मातापितृभ्यां जामीभिर्भ्रात्रा पुत्रेण भार्यया ।
दुहित्रा दासवर्गेण विवादं न समाचरेत ॥१८०॥
180. mātāpitṛbhyāṁ jāmībhirbhrātrā putreṇa bhāryayā ,
duhitrā dāsavargeṇa vivādaṁ na samācaret.
एतैर्विवादान संत्यज्य सर्वपापैः प्रमुच्यते ।
एतैर्जितैश्च जयति सर्वान्लोकानिमान गृही ॥१८१॥
181. etairvivādān saṁtyajya sarvapāpaiḥ pramucyate ,
etairjitaiśca jayati sarvānlokānimān gṛhī.
181. etaiḥ vivādān santyajya sarvapāpaiḥ pramucyate
etaiḥ jitaiḥ ca jayti sarvān lokān imān gṛhī
181. etaiḥ vivādān santyajya sarvapāpaiḥ pramucyate
etaiḥ jitaiḥ ca imān sarvān lokān gṛhī jayti
181. By abandoning these disputes, one is freed from all sins. By conquering these, one conquers all these worlds, having attained.
आचार्यो ब्रह्मलोकैशः प्राजापत्ये पिता प्रभुः ।
अतिथिस्त्विन्द्रलोकेशो देवलोकस्य चर्त्विजः ॥१८२॥
182. ācāryo brahmalokaiśaḥ prājāpatye pitā prabhuḥ ,
atithistvindralokeśo devalokasya cartvijaḥ.
182. ācāryaḥ brahmalokaiśaḥ prājāpatye pitā prabhuḥ
atithiḥ tu indralokeśaḥ devalokasyar ttvijaḥ
182. ācāryaḥ brahmalokaiśaḥ prājāpatye pitā prabhuḥ
tu atithiḥ indralokeśaḥ devalokasyar ttvijaḥ
182. The teacher (is like) Brahma-world; the father is the lord of Prajapati-world; the guest is the lord of Indra-world; the priest (is like) the priest of the world of gods.
जामयोऽप्सरसां लोके वैश्वदेवस्य बान्धवाः ।
संबन्धिनो ह्यपां लोके पृथिव्यां मातृमातुलौ ॥१८३॥
183. jāmayo'psarasāṁ loke vaiśvadevasya bāndhavāḥ ,
saṁbandhino hyapāṁ loke pṛthivyāṁ mātṛmātulau.
183. jāmayaḥ apsarasām loke vaiśvadevasya bāndhavāḥ
sambandhinaḥ hi apām loke pṛthivyām mātṛmātaulau
183. jāmayaḥ apsarasām loke vaiśvadevasya bāndhavāḥ
sambandhinaḥ hi apām loke pṛthivyām mātṛmātaulau
183. The wives are (like) relatives in the world of Apsaras; the relatives (are like) Brahmins for the Vaisvadeva ritual; the mother and maternal uncle are (like) relatives in the world of waters and the earth.
आकाशेशास्तु विज्ञेया बालवृद्धकृशातुराः ।
भ्राता ज्येष्ठः समः पित्रा भार्या पुत्रः स्वका तनुः ॥१८४॥
184. ākāśeśāstu vijñeyā bālavṛddhakṛśāturāḥ ,
bhrātā jyeṣṭhaḥ samaḥ pitrā bhāryā putraḥ svakā tanuḥ.
184. ākāśeśāḥ tu vijñeyā bālavṛddhakṛśāturāḥ bhrātā
jyeṣṭhaḥ samaḥ pitrā bhāryā putraḥ svakā tanuḥ
184. tu ākāśeśāḥ bālavṛddhakṛśāturāḥ vijñeyā bhrātā
jyeṣṭhaḥ pitrā samaḥ bhāryā putraḥ svakā tanuḥ
184. The lords of the ether are to be known as the young, old, thin, and sick. The elder brother is like the father; the wife, the son; and oneself is one's own body.
छाया स्वो दासवर्गश्च दुहिता कृपणं परम ।
तस्मादेतैरधिक्षिप्तः सहेतासञ्ज्वरः सदा ॥१८५॥
185. chāyā svo dāsavargaśca duhitā kṛpaṇaṁ param ,
tasmādetairadhikṣiptaḥ sahetāsañjvaraḥ sadā.
प्रतिग्रहसमर्थोऽपि प्रसङ्गं तत्र वर्जयेत ।
प्रतिग्रहेण ह्यस्याशु ब्राह्मं तेजः प्रशाम्यति ॥१८६॥
186. pratigrahasamartho'pi prasaṅgaṁ tatra varjayet ,
pratigraheṇa hyasyāśu brāhmaṁ tejaḥ praśāmyati.
न द्रव्याणामविज्ञाय विधिं धर्म्यं प्रतिग्रहे ।
प्राज्ञः प्रतिग्रहं कुर्यादवसीदन्नपि क्षुधा ॥१८७॥
187. na dravyāṇāmavijñāya vidhiṁ dharmyaṁ pratigrahe ,
prājñaḥ pratigrahaṁ kuryādavasīdannapi kṣudhā.
हिरण्यं भूमिमश्वं गामन्नं वासस्तिलान घृतम ।
प्रतिगृह्णन्नविद्वांस्तु भस्मीभवति दारुवत ॥१८८॥
188. hiraṇyaṁ bhūmimaśvaṁ gāmannaṁ vāsastilān ghṛtam ,
pratigṛhṇannavidvāṁstu bhasmībhavati dāruvat.
हिरण्यमायुरन्नं च भूर्गोश्चाप्योषतस्तनुम ।
अश्वश्चक्षुस्त्वचं वासो घृतं तेजस्तिलाः प्रजाः ॥१८९॥
189. hiraṇyamāyurannaṁ ca bhūrgoścāpyoṣatastanum ,
aśvaścakṣustvacaṁ vāso ghṛtaṁ tejastilāḥ prajāḥ.
अतपास्त्वनधीयानः प्रतिग्रहरुचिर्द्विजः ।
अम्भस्यश्मप्लवेनैव सह तेनैव मज्जति ॥१९०॥
190. atapāstvanadhīyānaḥ pratigraharucirdvijaḥ ,
ambhasyaśmaplavenaiva saha tenaiva majjati.
तस्मादविद्वान बिभियाद यस्मात तस्मात प्रतिग्रहात ।
स्वल्पकेनाप्यविद्वान हि पङ्के गौरिव सीदति ॥१९१॥
191. tasmādavidvān bibhiyād yasmāt tasmāt pratigrahāt ,
svalpakenāpyavidvān hi paṅke gauriva sīdati.
191. tasmāt advidvān bibhiyāt yasmāt tasmāt pratigrahāt
svalpakena api advidvān hi paṅke gauḥ iva sīdati
191. Therefore, the ignorant person should fear that from which they accept gifts, just as a person ignorant of the proper procedures fears (accepting gifts). For the ignorant person sinks down in a pit, like an ox.
न वार्यपि प्रयच्छेत तु बैडालव्रतिके द्विजे ।
न बकव्रतिके पापे नावेदविदि धर्मवित ॥१९२॥
192. na vāryapi prayacchet tu baiḍālavratike dvije ,
na bakavratike pāpe nāvedavidi dharmavit.
192. na vāri api prayacchet tu baiḍālavratike dvije
na bakavratike pāpe na avedavidi dharmavit
192. One should not even give water to a twice-born (brāhmaṇa) who practices cat-like austerity, nor to a sinful person who practices crane-like austerity, nor to one who does not know the Veda, even if one considers oneself a knower of (revealed) law (dharma).
त्रिष्वप्येतेषु दत्तं हि विधिनाऽप्यर्जितं धनम ।
दातुर्भवत्यनर्थाय परत्रादातुरेव च ॥१९३॥
193. triṣvapyeteṣu dattaṁ hi vidhinā'pyarjitaṁ dhanam ,
dāturbhavatyanarthāya paratrādātureva ca.
193. triṣu api eteṣu dattam hi vidhinā api arjitam
dhanam dātuḥ bhavaty anarthāya paratrā dātur eva ca
193. For even when gifts are given to these three, or wealth is earned by prescribed means, it leads to misfortune for the giver and even more so for the receiver in the world beyond.
यथा प्लवेनोपलेन निमज्जत्युदके तरन ।
तथा निमज्जतोऽधस्तादज्ञौ दातृप्रतीच्छकौ ॥१९४॥
194. yathā plavenopalena nimajjatyudake taran ,
tathā nimajjato'dhastādajñau dātṛpratīcchakau.
194. yathā plavena upalena nimajjati udake taran
tathā nimajjataḥ adhasthāt ajñau dātr pratīccakau
194. Just as a drowning person sinks down in water with a stone tied to them, similarly, the ignorant giver and receiver sink down together.
धर्मध्वजी सदा लुब्धश्छाद्मिको लोकदम्भकः
बैडालव्रतिको ज्ञेयो हिंस्रः सर्वाभिसंधकः ॥१९५॥
195. dharmadhvajī sadā lubdhaśchādmiko lokadambhakaḥ
baiḍālavratiko jñeyo hiṁsraḥ sarvābhisaṁdhakaḥ.
अधोदृष्टिर्नैष्कृतिकः स्वार्थसाधनतत्परः ।
शठो मिथ्याविनीतश्च बकव्रतचरो द्विजः ॥१९६॥
196. adhodṛṣṭirnaiṣkṛtikaḥ svārthasādhanatatparaḥ ,
śaṭho mithyāvinītaśca bakavratacaro dvijaḥ.
ये बकव्रतिनो विप्रा ये च मार्जारलिङ्गिनः ।
ते पतन्त्यन्धतामिस्रे तेन पापेन कर्मणा ॥१९७॥
197. ye bakavratino viprā ye ca mārjāraliṅginaḥ ,
te patantyandhatāmisre tena pāpena karmaṇā.
न धर्मस्यापदेशेन पापं कृत्वा व्रतं चरेत ।
व्रतेन पापं प्रच्छाद्य कुर्वन स्त्रीशूद्रदम्भनम ॥१९८॥
198. na dharmasyāpadeśena pāpaṁ kṛtvā vrataṁ caret ,
vratena pāpaṁ pracchādya kurvan strīśūdradambhanam.
प्रेत्येह चेदृशा विप्रा गर्ह्यन्ते ब्रह्मवादिभिः ।
छद्मना चरितं यच्च व्रतं रक्षांसि गच्छति ॥१९९॥
199. pretyeha cedṛśā viprā garhyante brahmavādibhiḥ ,
chadmanā caritaṁ yacca vrataṁ rakṣāṁsi gacchati.
अलिङ्गी लिङ्गिवेषेण यो वृत्तिमुपजीवति ।
स लिङ्गिनां हरत्येनस्तिर्यग्योनौ च जायते ॥२००॥
200. aliṅgī liṅgiveṣeṇa yo vṛttimupajīvati ,
sa liṅgināṁ haratyenastiryagyonau ca jāyate.
परकीयनिपानेषु न स्नायाद हि कदा चन ।
निपानकर्तुः स्नात्वा तु दुष्कृतांशेन लिप्यते ॥२०१॥
201. parakīyanipāneṣu na snāyād hi kadā cana ,
nipānakartuḥ snātvā tu duṣkṛtāṁśena lipyate.
यानशय्याऽऽसनान्यस्य कूपोद्यानगृहाणि च ।
अदत्तान्युपयुञ्जान एनसः स्यात तुरीयभाक ॥२०२॥
202. yānaśayyā''sanānyasya kūpodyānagṛhāṇi ca ,
adattānyupayuñjāna enasaḥ syāt turīyabhāk.
नदीषु देवखातेषु तडागेषु सरःसु च ।
स्नानं समाचरेन्नित्यं गर्तप्रस्रवणेषु च ॥२०३॥
203. nadīṣu devakhāteṣu taḍāgeṣu saraḥsu ca ,
snānaṁ samācarennityaṁ gartaprasravaṇeṣu ca.
यमान सेवेत सततं न नित्यं नियमान बुधः ।
यमान पतत्यकुर्वाणो नियमान केवलान भजन ॥२०४॥
204. yamān seveta satataṁ na nityaṁ niyamān budhaḥ ,
yamān patatyakurvāṇo niyamān kevalān bhajan.
नाश्रोत्रियतते यज्ञे ग्रामयाजिकृते तथा ।
स्त्रिया क्लीबेन च हुते भुञ्जीत ब्राह्मणः क्व चित ॥२०५॥
205. nāśrotriyatate yajñe grāmayājikṛte tathā ,
striyā klībena ca hute bhuñjīta brāhmaṇaḥ kva cit.
अश्लीकमेतत साधूनां यत्र जुह्वत्यमी हविः ।
प्रतीपमेतद देवानां तस्मात तत परिवर्जयेत ॥२०६॥
206. aślīkametat sādhūnāṁ yatra juhvatyamī haviḥ ,
pratīpametad devānāṁ tasmāt tat parivarjayet.
मत्तक्रुद्धातुराणां च न भुञ्जीत कदा चन ।
केशकीटावपन्नं च पदा स्पृष्टं च कामतः ॥२०७॥
207. mattakruddhāturāṇāṁ ca na bhuñjīta kadā cana ,
keśakīṭāvapannaṁ ca padā spṛṣṭaṁ ca kāmataḥ.
भ्रूणघ्नावेक्षितं चैव संस्पृष्टं चाप्युदक्यया ।
पतत्रिणावलीढं च शुना संस्पृष्टमेव च ॥२०८॥
208. bhrūṇaghnāvekṣitaṁ caiva saṁspṛṣṭaṁ cāpyudakyayā ,
patatriṇāvalīḍhaṁ ca śunā saṁspṛṣṭameva ca.
गवा चान्नमुपघ्रातं घुष्टान्नं च विशेषतः ।
गणान्नं गणिकान्नं च विदुषा च जुगुप्सितम ॥२०९॥
209. gavā cānnamupaghrātaṁ ghuṣṭānnaṁ ca viśeṣataḥ ,
gaṇānnaṁ gaṇikānnaṁ ca viduṣā ca jugupsitam.
स्तेनगायनयोश्चान्नं तक्ष्ह्णो वार्धुषिकस्य च ।
दीक्षितस्य कदर्यस्य बद्धस्य निगडस्य च ॥२१०॥
210. stenagāyanayoścānnaṁ takṣhṇo vārdhuṣikasya ca ,
dīkṣitasya kadaryasya baddhasya nigaḍasya ca.
अभिशस्तस्य षण्ढस्य पुंश्चल्या दाम्भिकस्य च ।
शुक्तं पर्युषितं चैव शूद्रस्योच्छिष्टमेव च ॥२११॥
211. abhiśastasya ṣaṇḍhasya puṁścalyā dāmbhikasya ca ,
śuktaṁ paryuṣitaṁ caiva śūdrasyocchiṣṭameva ca.
चिकित्सकस्य मृगयोः क्रूरस्योच्छिष्टभोजिनः ।
उग्रान्नं सूतिकान्नं च पर्याचान्तमनिर्दशम ॥२१२॥
212. cikitsakasya mṛgayoḥ krūrasyocchiṣṭabhojinaḥ ,
ugrānnaṁ sūtikānnaṁ ca paryācāntamanirdaśam.
अनर्चितं वृथामांसमवीरायाश्च योषितः ।
द्विषदन्नं नगर्यन्नं पतितान्नमवक्षुतम ॥२१३॥
213. anarcitaṁ vṛthāmāṁsamavīrāyāśca yoṣitaḥ ,
dviṣadannaṁ nagaryannaṁ patitānnamavakṣutam.
पिशुनानृतिनोश्चान्नं क्रतुविक्रयिणस्तथा ।
शैलूषतुन्नवायान्नं कृतघ्नस्यान्नमेव च ॥२१४॥
214. piśunānṛtinoścānnaṁ kratuvikrayiṇastathā ,
śailūṣatunnavāyānnaṁ kṛtaghnasyānnameva ca.
कर्मारस्य निषादस्य रङ्गावतारकस्य च ।
सुवर्णकर्तुर्वेणस्य शस्त्रविक्रयिणस्तथा ॥२१५॥
215. karmārasya niṣādasya raṅgāvatārakasya ca ,
suvarṇakarturveṇasya śastravikrayiṇastathā.
श्ववतां शौण्डिकानां च चैलनिर्णेजकस्य च ।
रञ्जकस्य नृशंसस्य यस्य चोपपतिर्गृहे ॥२१६॥
216. śvavatāṁ śauṇḍikānāṁ ca cailanirṇejakasya ca ,
rañjakasya nṛśaṁsasya yasya copapatirgṛhe.
मृष्यन्ति ये चोपपतिं स्त्रीजितानां च सर्वशः ।
अनिर्दशं च प्रेतान्नमतुष्टिकरमेव च ॥२१७॥
217. mṛṣyanti ye copapatiṁ strījitānāṁ ca sarvaśaḥ ,
anirdaśaṁ ca pretānnamatuṣṭikarameva ca.
राजान्नं तेज आदत्ते शूद्रान्नं ब्रह्मवर्चसम ।
आयुः सुवर्णकारान्नं यशश्चर्मावकर्तिनः ॥२१८॥
218. rājānnaṁ teja ādatte śūdrānnaṁ brahmavarcasam ,
āyuḥ suvarṇakārānnaṁ yaśaścarmāvakartinaḥ.
कारुकान्नं प्रजां हन्ति बलं निर्णेजकस्य च ।
गणान्नं गणिकान्नं च लोकेभ्यः परिकृन्तति ॥२१९॥
219. kārukānnaṁ prajāṁ hanti balaṁ nirṇejakasya ca ,
gaṇānnaṁ gaṇikānnaṁ ca lokebhyaḥ parikṛntati.
पूयं चिकित्सकस्यान्नं पुंश्चल्यास्त्वन्नमिन्द्रियम ।
विष्ठा वार्धुषिकस्यान्नं शस्त्रविक्रयिणो मलम ॥२२०॥
220. pūyaṁ cikitsakasyānnaṁ puṁścalyāstvannamindriyam ,
viṣṭhā vārdhuṣikasyānnaṁ śastravikrayiṇo malam.
य एतेऽन्ये त्वभोज्यान्नाः क्रमशः परिकीर्तिताः ।
तेषां त्वगस्थिरोमाणि वदन्त्यन्नं मनीषिणः ॥२२१॥
221. ya ete'nye tvabhojyānnāḥ kramaśaḥ parikīrtitāḥ ,
teṣāṁ tvagasthiromāṇi vadantyannaṁ manīṣiṇaḥ.
भुक्त्वाऽतोऽन्यतमस्यान्नममत्या क्षपणं त्र्यहम ।
मत्या भुक्त्वाऽचरेत कृच्छ्रं रेतोविण्मूत्रमेव च ॥२२२॥
222. bhuktvā'to'nyatamasyānnamamatyā kṣapaṇaṁ tryaham ,
matyā bhuktvā'caret kṛcchraṁ retoviṇmūtrameva ca.
नाद्यात्शूद्रस्य पक्वान्नं विद्वानश्राद्धिनो द्विजः ।
आददीताममेवास्मादवृत्तावेकरात्रिकम । ॥२२३॥
223. nādyātśūdrasya pakvānnaṁ vidvānaśrāddhino dvijaḥ ,
ādadītāmamevāsmādavṛttāvekarātrikam ,.
श्रोत्रियस्य कदर्यस्य वदान्यस्य च वार्धुषेः ।
मीमांसित्वोभयं देवाः सममन्नमकल्पयन ॥२२४॥
224. śrotriyasya kadaryasya vadānyasya ca vārdhuṣeḥ ,
mīmāṁsitvobhayaṁ devāḥ samamannamakalpayan.
तान प्रजापतिराहैत्य मा कृध्वं विषमं समम ।
श्रद्धापूतं वदान्यस्य हतमश्रद्धयेतरत ॥२२५॥
225. tān prajāpatirāhaitya mā kṛdhvaṁ viṣamaṁ samam ,
śraddhāpūtaṁ vadānyasya hatamaśraddhayetarat.
श्रद्धयेष्टं च पूर्तं च नित्यं कुर्यादतन्द्रितः ।
श्रद्धाकृते ह्यक्षये ते भवतः स्वागतैर्धनैः ॥२२६॥
226. śraddhayeṣṭaṁ ca pūrtaṁ ca nityaṁ kuryādatandritaḥ ,
śraddhākṛte hyakṣaye te bhavataḥ svāgatairdhanaiḥ.
दानधर्मं निषेवेत नित्यमैष्टिकपौर्तिकम ।
परितुष्टेन भावेन पात्रमासाद्य शक्तितः ॥२२७॥
227. dānadharmaṁ niṣeveta nityamaiṣṭikapaurtikam ,
parituṣṭena bhāvena pātramāsādya śaktitaḥ.
यत किं चिदपि दातव्यं याचितेनानसूयया ।
उत्पत्स्यते हि तत पात्रं यत तारयति सर्वतः ॥२२८॥
228. yat kiṁ cidapi dātavyaṁ yācitenānasūyayā ,
utpatsyate hi tat pātraṁ yat tārayati sarvataḥ.
वारिदस्तृप्तिमाप्नोति सुखमक्षय्यमन्नदः ।
तिलप्रदः प्रजामिष्टां दीपदश्चक्षुरुत्तमम ॥२२९॥
229. vāridastṛptimāpnoti sukhamakṣayyamannadaḥ ,
tilapradaḥ prajāmiṣṭāṁ dīpadaścakṣuruttamam.
भूमिदो भूमिमाप्नोति दीर्घमायुर्हिरण्यदः ।
गृहदोऽग्र्याणि वेश्मानि रूप्यदो रूपमुत्तमम ॥२३०॥
230. bhūmido bhūmimāpnoti dīrghamāyurhiraṇyadaḥ ,
gṛhado'gryāṇi veśmāni rūpyado rūpamuttamam.
वासोदश्चन्द्रसालोक्यमश्विसालोक्यमश्वदः ।
अनडुहः श्रियं पुष्टां गोदो ब्रध्नस्य विष्टपम ॥२३१॥
231. vāsodaścandrasālokyamaśvisālokyamaśvadaḥ ,
anaḍuhaḥ śriyaṁ puṣṭāṁ godo bradhnasya viṣṭapam.
यानशय्याप्रदो भार्यामैश्वर्यमभयप्रदः ।
धान्यदः शाश्वतं सौख्यं ब्रह्मदो ब्रह्मसार्ष्टिताम ॥२३२॥
232. yānaśayyāprado bhāryāmaiśvaryamabhayapradaḥ ,
dhānyadaḥ śāśvataṁ saukhyaṁ brahmado brahmasārṣṭitām.
सर्वेषामेव दानानां ब्रह्मदानं विशिष्यते ।
वार्यन्नगोमहीवासस ॥२३३॥
233. sarveṣāmeva dānānāṁ brahmadānaṁ viśiṣyate ,
vāryannagomahīvāsas.
येन येन तु भावेन यद यद दानं प्रयच्छति ।
तत तत तेनैव भावेन प्राप्नोति प्रतिपूजितः ॥२३४॥
234. yena yena tu bhāvena yad yad dānaṁ prayacchati ,
tat tat tenaiva bhāvena prāpnoti pratipūjitaḥ.
योऽर्चितं प्रतिगृह्णाति ददात्यर्चितमेव वा ।
तावुभौ गच्छतः स्वर्गं नरकं तु विपर्यये ॥२३५॥
235. yo'rcitaṁ pratigṛhṇāti dadātyarcitameva vā ,
tāvubhau gacchataḥ svargaṁ narakaṁ tu viparyaye.
न विस्मयेत तपसा वदेदिष्ट्वा च नानृतम ।
नार्तोऽप्यपवदेद विप्रान्न दत्त्वा परिकीर्तयेत ॥२३६॥
236. na vismayeta tapasā vadediṣṭvā ca nānṛtam ,
nārto'pyapavaded viprānna dattvā parikīrtayet.
यज्ञोऽनृतेन क्षरति तपः क्षरति विस्मयात ।
आयुर्विप्रापवादेन दानं च परिकीर्तनात ॥२३७॥
237. yajño'nṛtena kṣarati tapaḥ kṣarati vismayāt ,
āyurviprāpavādena dānaṁ ca parikīrtanāt.
धर्मं शनैः सञ्चिनुयाद वल्मीकमिव पुत्तिकाः ।
परलोकसहायार्थं सर्वभूतान्यपीडयन ॥२३८॥
238. dharmaṁ śanaiḥ sañcinuyād valmīkamiva puttikāḥ ,
paralokasahāyārthaṁ sarvabhūtānyapīḍayan.
नामुत्र हि सहायार्थं पिता माता च तिष्ठतः ।
न पुत्रदारं न ज्ञातिर्धर्मस्तिष्ठति केवलः ॥२३९॥
239. nāmutra hi sahāyārthaṁ pitā mātā ca tiṣṭhataḥ ,
na putradāraṁ na jñātirdharmastiṣṭhati kevalaḥ.
एकः प्रजायते जन्तुरेक एव प्रलीयते ।
एकोऽनुभुङ्क्ते सुकृतमेक एव च दुष्कृतम ॥२४०॥
240. ekaḥ prajāyate jantureka eva pralīyate ,
eko'nubhuṅkte sukṛtameka eva ca duṣkṛtam.
मृतं शरीरमुत्सृज्य काष्ठलोष्टसमं क्षितौ ।
विमुखा बान्धवा यान्ति धर्मस्तमनुगच्छति ॥२४१॥
241. mṛtaṁ śarīramutsṛjya kāṣṭhaloṣṭasamaṁ kṣitau ,
vimukhā bāndhavā yānti dharmastamanugacchati.
241. mṛtaṃ śarīram utsṛjya kāṣṭhaloṣṭasamam kṣitau
vimukhā bāndhavā yānti dharmas tam anugacchati
241. mṛtaṃ śarīram kṣitau kāṣṭhaloṣṭasamam utsṛjya
bāndhavā vimukhā yānti dharmas tam anugacchati
241. After abandoning the lifeless body on the earth, like a log of wood or a clod of earth, relatives turn away, but [one's] [dharma] (innate constitution) follows him.
तस्माद धर्मं सहायार्थं नित्यं सञ्चिनुयात्शनैः ।
धर्मेण हि सहायेन तमस्तरति दुस्तरम ॥२४२॥
242. tasmād dharmaṁ sahāyārthaṁ nityaṁ sañcinuyātśanaiḥ ,
dharmeṇa hi sahāyena tamastarati dustaram.
242. tasmāt dharmam sahāyārtham nityam sañcinuyāt
śanaiḥ dharmēṇa hi sahāyēna tamas tarati dustaram
242. tasmāt nityam śanaiḥ dharmam sahāyārtham sañcinuyāt
hi dharmēṇa sahāyēna dustaram tamas tarati
242. Therefore, one should always gradually accumulate [dharma] (righteousness/merit) as a companion. Indeed, with [dharma] (righteousness/merit) as a companion, one crosses the insurmountable darkness.
धर्मप्रधानं पुरुषं तपसा हतकिल्बिषम ।
परलोकं नयत्याशु भास्वन्तं खशरीरिणम ॥२४३॥
243. dharmapradhānaṁ puruṣaṁ tapasā hatakilbiṣam ,
paralokaṁ nayatyāśu bhāsvantaṁ khaśarīriṇam.
243. dharmapradhānam puruṣam tapasā hatakilbiṣam
paralōkam nayati āśu bhāsvantam sphaśarīriṇam
243. tapasā hatakilbiṣam dharmapradhānam puruṣam
āśu paralōkam bhāsvantam sphaśarīriṇam nayati
243. One who is foremost in [dharma] (righteousness), whose sins are destroyed by [tapas] (austerity), is quickly led to the next world, radiant and embodied in a subtle body.
उत्तमैरुत्तमैर्नित्यं संबन्धानाचरेत सह ।
निनीषुः कुलमुत्कर्षमधमानधमांस्त्यजेत ॥२४४॥
244. uttamairuttamairnityaṁ saṁbandhānācaret saha ,
ninīṣuḥ kulamutkarṣamadhamānadhamāṁstyajet.
244. uttamaiḥ uttamaiḥ nityam saṃbandhān ācaret saha
ninīṣuḥ kulam utkarṣam adhamān adhamān tyajet
244. ninīṣuḥ kulam utkarṣam uttamaiḥ uttamaiḥ saha
nityam saṃbandhān ācaret adhamān adhamān tyajet
244. One should always associate with the best of the best, wishing to uplift one's family, and should abandon the lowest of the low.
उत्तमानुत्तमानेव गच्छन हीनांस्तु वर्जयन ।
ब्राह्मणः श्रेष्ठतामेति प्रत्यवायेन शूद्रताम ॥२४५॥
245. uttamānuttamāneva gacchan hīnāṁstu varjayan ,
brāhmaṇaḥ śreṣṭhatāmeti pratyavāyena śūdratām.
245. uttamānumattamāneva gacchan hīnāstu varjayan
brāhmaṇaḥ śreṣṭhatāmeti pratyavāyena śūdratām
245. brāhmaṇaḥ uttamānu uttamāneva gacchan hīnāstu
varjayan śreṣṭhatāmeti pratyavāyena śūdratām
245. By associating with the best and avoiding the worst, a brahmin attains excellence; by transgressing, he becomes like a shudra.
दृढकारी मृदुर्दान्तः क्रूराचारैरसंवसन ।
अहिंस्रो दमदानाभ्यां जयेत स्वर्गं तथाव्रतः ॥२४६॥
246. dṛḍhakārī mṛdurdāntaḥ krūrācārairasaṁvasan ,
ahiṁsro damadānābhyāṁ jayet svargaṁ tathāvrataḥ.
246. dṛḍhakārī mṛrdāntaḥ krūrācārasaṃvasan ahiṃsro
damadānābhyāṃ jayeta svargaṃ tathāvratāḥ
246. dṛḍhakārī mṛrdāntaḥ krūrācāraiḥ asanvasan
ahiṃsro tathāvratāḥ damadānābhyāṃ svargaṃ jayeta
246. One who acts resolutely, is gentle and self-controlled, does not associate with those of cruel conduct, is non-violent, and practices restraint and generosity, such a one, following these vows, conquers heaven.
एधौदकं मूलफलमन्नमभ्युद्यतं च यत ।
सर्वतः प्रतिगृह्णीयान्मध्वथाभयदक्षिणाम ॥२४७॥
247. edhaudakaṁ mūlaphalamannamabhyudyataṁ ca yat ,
sarvataḥ pratigṛhṇīyānmadhvathābhayadakṣiṇām.
247. edhaudakaṃ mūlaphalamamābhyudyataṃ ca yat
sarvataḥ pratigṛhṇīyānmadhvathābhayadakṣiṇām
247. yat edhaudakaṃ mūlaphalama annam abhyudyataṃ
madhu athā abhayadakṣiṇām sarvataḥ pratigṛhṇīyāt
247. One should accept from everywhere firewood, water, root and fruit, food that is offered, honey, and gifts of safety.
आहृताभ्युद्यतां भिक्षां पुरस्तादप्रचोदिताम ।
मेने प्रजापतिर्ग्राह्यामपि दुष्कृतकर्मणः ॥२४८॥
248. āhṛtābhyudyatāṁ bhikṣāṁ purastādapracoditām ,
mene prajāpatirgrāhyāmapi duṣkṛtakarmaṇaḥ.
248. āhṛtābhyudyatāṃ bhikṣāṃ purastādapracoditāma
mene prajāpatirgrāhyāmapi duṣkṛtakarmaṇaḥ
248. prajāpatiḥ āhṛtām abhyudyatām bhikṣāṃ purastāt
apracoditām duṣkṛtakarmaṇaḥ api grāhyām mene
248. Brahma considered alms that were brought and offered, and were not solicited beforehand, acceptable, even from one who had performed evil deeds.
नाश्नन्ति पितरस्तस्य दशवर्षाणि पञ्च च
न च हव्यं वहत्यग्निर्यस्तामभ्यवमन्यते ॥२४९॥
249. nāśnanti pitarastasya daśavarṣāṇi pañca ca
na ca havyaṁ vahatyagniryastāmabhyavamanyate.
249. na aśnanti pitaras tasya daśa varṣāṇi pañca ca na
ca havyaṃ vahati agniḥ yaḥ tām abhyavamanayate
249. tasya pitarah daśa varṣāṇi pañca ca na aśnanti,
agniḥ ca na havyaṃ vahati yaḥ tām abhyavamanayate
249. For ten years, and five years more, his ancestors do not eat, nor does the fire (agni) carry oblations (havya) for him who disrespects her.
शय्यां गृहान कुशान गन्धानपः पुष्पं मणीन दधि ।
धाना मत्स्यान पयो मांसं शाकं चैव न निर्णुदेत ॥२५०॥
250. śayyāṁ gṛhān kuśān gandhānapaḥ puṣpaṁ maṇīn dadhi ,
dhānā matsyān payo māṁsaṁ śākaṁ caiva na nirṇudet.
250. śayyāṃ gṛhān kuśān gandhān apaḥ puṣpaṃ maṇīn dadhi |
dhānā matsyān payaḥ māṃsaṃ śākam ca eva na nirṇudedet
250. śayyāṃ gṛhān kuśān gandhān apaḥ puṣpaṃ maṇīn dadhi
dhānā matsyān payaḥ māṃsaṃ śākam ca eva na nirṇudedet
250. One should not offer a bed, house, kuśa grass, perfumes, water, flowers, jewels, yogurt, parched grains, fish, milk, meat, or vegetables.
गुरून भृत्यांश्चोज्जिहीर्षन्नर्चिष्यन देवतातिथीन ।
सर्वतः प्रतिगृह्णीयान्न तु तृप्येत स्वयं ततः ॥२५१॥
251. gurūn bhṛtyāṁścojjihīrṣannarciṣyan devatātithīn ,
sarvataḥ pratigṛhṇīyānna tu tṛpyet svayaṁ tataḥ.
251. gurūn bhr̥tyāṃś ca ujjihīrṣan arciṣan devatātithīn |
sarvataḥ pratigr̥hṇīyān na tu tr̥pyeta svayaṃ tataḥ
251. gurūn bhr̥tyāṃś ca ujjihīrṣan devatātithīn arciṣan
sarvataḥ pratigr̥hṇīyāt na tu svayaṃ tataḥ tr̥pyeta
251. While desiring to please elders (gurun), dependents, deities, and guests, one should accept offerings from everywhere, but should not be satisfied himself from them.
गुरुषु त्वभ्यतीतेषु विना वा तैर्गृहे वसन ।
आत्मनो वृत्तिमन्विच्छन गृह्णीयात साधुतः सदा ॥२५२॥
252. guruṣu tvabhyatīteṣu vinā vā tairgṛhe vasan ,
ātmano vṛttimanvicchan gṛhṇīyāt sādhutaḥ sadā.
252. gurusu tu abhyatīteṣu vinā vā taiḥ gṛhe vasan |
ātmanaḥ vr̥ttim anvicchan gr̥hṇīyāt sādhu taḥ sadā
252. tu gurusu abhyatīteṣu vā taiḥ saha gṛhe vasan
ātmanaḥ vr̥ttim anvicchan sādhu taḥ sadā gr̥hṇīyāt
252. When the elders (gurun) have departed or are absent, or living in the house, while seeking one's livelihood (vṛttim), one should always accept (offerings) from virtuous people.
आर्धिकः कुलमित्रं च गोपालो दासनापितौ ।
एते शूद्रेषु भोज्यान्ना याश्चात्मानं निवेदयेत ॥२५३॥
253. ārdhikaḥ kulamitraṁ ca gopālo dāsanāpitau ,
ete śūdreṣu bhojyānnā yāścātmānaṁ nivedayet.
253. ārdhikaḥ kulamitraṁ ca gopālaḥ dāsanāpitau
ete śūdreṣu bhojyānnā yāś ca ātmānaṁ nivedayet
253. ca ārdhikaḥ kulamitraḥ gopālaḥ dāsanāpitau
ete śūdreṣu bhojyānnā yāḥ ātmānaṁ ca nivedayet
253. The ardhika (money-lender), the kulamitra (friend of the family), the gopala (cowherd), the dasa (servant), and the napita (barber) - these, when they are among śūdras (laborers/servants), are to be fed. One should also feed anyone who dedicates himself (ātmānam).
यादृशोऽस्य भवेदात्मा यादृशं च चिकीर्षितम ।
यथा चौपचरेदेनं तथाऽत्मानं निवेदयेत ॥२५४॥
254. yādṛśo'sya bhavedātmā yādṛśaṁ ca cikīrṣitam ,
yathā caupacaredenaṁ tathā'tmānaṁ nivedayet.
254. yādṛśaḥ asya bhavet ātmā yādṛśaṁ ca cikīrṣitam
yathā ca aupacaret enam tathā ātmānaṁ nivedayet
254. asya ātmā yādṛśaḥ bhavet ca cikīrṣitam yādṛśaṁ
ca enam yathā aupacaret tathā ātmānaṁ nivedayet
254. According to what his self (ātman) may be, and according to what he intends to do, and according to how he approaches it, one should dedicate himself (ātmānam).
योऽन्यथा सन्तमात्मानमन्यथा सत्सु भाषते ।
स पापकृत्तमो लोके स्तेन आत्मापहारकः ॥२५५॥
255. yo'nyathā santamātmānamanyathā satsu bhāṣate ,
sa pāpakṛttamo loke stena ātmāpahārakaḥ.
255. yaḥ anyathā santam ātmānaṁ anyathā sadṣu bhāṣate
saḥ pāpakṛttamaḥ loke stena ātmāpahārakah
255. yaḥ ātmānaṁ santam anyathā sadṣu anyathā bhāṣate
saḥ pāpakṛttamaḥ loke stena ātmāpahārakah
255. He who speaks of himself (ātmānam) as existing in one way, but in another way in the presence of good people, he is the greatest sinner in the world, a thief, one who steals himself (ātmāpahārakah).
वाच्यर्था नियताः सर्वे वाङ्मूला वाग्विनिःसृताः ।
तांस्तु यः स्तेनयेद वाचं स सर्वस्तेयकृन्नरः ॥२५६॥
256. vācyarthā niyatāḥ sarve vāṅmūlā vāgviniḥsṛtāḥ ,
tāṁstu yaḥ stenayed vācaṁ sa sarvasteyakṛnnaraḥ.
256. vāk-arthyāḥ niyatāḥ sarve vāk-mūlā vāk-vinisṛtāḥ
tān tu yaḥ stenayet vācaṁ saḥ sarva-steyakṛt naraḥ
256. sarve vāk-arthyāḥ niyatāḥ vāk-mūlā vāk-vinisṛtāḥ
tu yaḥ vācaṁ stenayet saḥ naraḥ sarva-steyakṛt
256. All meanings are regulated by speech; speech is their root and from speech they issue forth. Whoever steals this speech, that person is the perpetrator of all theft.
महर्षिपितृदेवानां गत्वाऽनृण्यं यथाविधि ।
पुत्रे सर्वं समासज्य वसेन माध्यस्थ्यमाश्रितः ॥२५७॥
257. maharṣipitṛdevānāṁ gatvā'nṛṇyaṁ yathāvidhi ,
putre sarvaṁ samāsajya vasen mādhyasthyamāśritaḥ.
257. maharṣipitṛdevānāṁ gatvā anṛṇyaṁ yathāvidhi
putre sarvaṁ samāsajya vasen mādhyastham āśritaḥ
257. maharṣipitṛdevānāṁ yathāvidhi anṛṇyaṁ gatvā
putre sarvaṁ samāsajya mādhyastham āśritaḥ vasen
257. After fulfilling his obligations to the great seers, ancestors, and gods according to the rules, he should hand over all responsibilities to his son, live independently, and remain impartial.
एकाकी चिन्तयेन्नित्यं विविक्ते हितमात्मनः ।
एकाकी चिन्तयानो हि परं श्रेयोऽधिगच्छति ॥२५८॥
258. ekākī cintayennityaṁ vivikte hitamātmanaḥ ,
ekākī cintayāno hi paraṁ śreyo'dhigacchati.
258. ekākī cintayen nityaṁ vivikte hitam ātmanaḥ
ekākī cintayāno hi paraṁ śreyaḥ adhigacchati
258. ekākī nityaṁ vivikte ātmanaḥ hitam cintayen
ekākī cintayāno hi paraṁ śreyaḥ adhigacchati
258. Alone, he should always reflect in solitude on what is beneficial for himself. Indeed, reflecting alone, he attains the highest good.
एषौदिता गृहस्थस्य वृत्तिर्विप्रस्य शाश्वती ।
स्नातकव्रतकल्पश्च सत्त्ववृद्धिकरः शुभः ॥२५९॥
259. eṣauditā gṛhasthasya vṛttirviprasya śāśvatī ,
snātakavratakalpaśca sattvavṛddhikaraḥ śubhaḥ.
259. eṣā uditā gṛhasthasya vṛttir viprasya śāśvatī
snātakavratakalpaś ca sattvavr̥ddhikaraḥ śubhaḥ
259. eṣā viprasya gṛhasthasya śāśvatī vṛttiḥ uditā
ca snātakavratakalpaḥ sattvavr̥ddhikaraḥ śubhaḥ
259. This is the prescribed way of life for a householder, and the eternal path for a Brahmin. It is also a practice for a student observing vows, conducive to the growth of good qualities, and auspicious.
अनेन विप्रो वृत्तेन वर्तयन वेदशास्त्रवित ।
व्यपेतकल्मषो नित्यं ब्रह्मलोके महीयते ॥२६०॥
260. anena vipro vṛttena vartayan vedaśāstravit ,
vyapetakalmaṣo nityaṁ brahmaloke mahīyate.
260. anena vipraḥ vṛttena vartayan vedaśāstravit
vyapetakalmaṣo nityaṁ brahmaloke mahīyate
260. anena vṛttena vartayan vedaśāstravit vipraḥ
vyapetakalmaṣo nityaṁ brahmaloke mahīyate
260. By living according to this conduct, the Brahmin, who is knowledgeable in the Vedas and scriptures, becomes free from sin and is honored eternally in the world of Brahman.

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