मनु-स्मृतिः
manu-smṛtiḥ
-
chapter-4, verse-50
मूत्रोच्चारसमुत्सर्गं दिवा कुर्यादुदङ्मुखः ।
दक्षिणाऽभिमुखो रात्रौ संध्यायोश्च यथा दिवा ॥५०॥
दक्षिणाऽभिमुखो रात्रौ संध्यायोश्च यथा दिवा ॥५०॥
50. mūtroccārasamutsargaṁ divā kuryādudaṅmukhaḥ ,
dakṣiṇā'bhimukho rātrau saṁdhyāyośca yathā divā.
dakṣiṇā'bhimukho rātrau saṁdhyāyośca yathā divā.
50.
mūtroccārasamutsargaṃ divā kuryādudaṅmukhaḥ
dakṣiṇābhimukho rātrau saṃdhyāyośca yathā divā
dakṣiṇābhimukho rātrau saṃdhyāyośca yathā divā
50.
The evacuation of urine and feces should be done during the day facing north, and at night facing south, and at twilight, just as during the day.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- मूत्र (mūtra) - urine
- उच्चार (uccāra) - excrement (excrement, feces, utterance)
- समुत्सर्गम् (samutsargam) - evacuation (discharge, emission, letting go)
- दिवा (divā) - during the day (by day, during the day)
- कुर्यात् (kuryāt) - should be done (should do, ought to do)
- उदङ्मुखः (udaṅmukhaḥ) - facing north
- दक्षिणाभिमुखो (dakṣiṇābhimukho) - facing south
- रात्रौ (rātrau) - at night (at night, during the night)
- संध्यायश्च (saṁdhyāyaśca) - and at twilight (and twilight)
- यथा (yathā) - just as (as, like, as if)
- दिवा (divā) - during the day (by day, during the day)
Words meanings and morphology
मूत्र (mūtra) - urine
(noun)
Nominative, neuter, singular of mūtra
mūtra - urine
उच्चार (uccāra) - excrement (excrement, feces, utterance)
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of uccāra
uccāra - excrement, feces, utterance, loud sound
From the root 'car' (to move) with the prefix 'ut-' (out).
Prefix: ut
Root: car (class 1)
समुत्सर्गम् (samutsargam) - evacuation (discharge, emission, letting go)
(noun)
Accusative, masculine, singular of samutsarga
samutsarga - discharge, emission, letting go, abandonment, abandonment
Nominal derivation from verb
Compound of 'sam' (together, complete) and 'utsarga' (emission, release). 'utsarga' is from root 'sṛj' (to release) with prefix 'ut-'.
Compound type : tatpurusha (sam+utsarga)
- sam – together, with, completely, same
indeclinable - utsarga – emission, discharge, release, abandonment, dedication
noun (masculine)
Nominal derivation from verb
From root 'sṛj' (to release) with prefix 'ut-'.
Prefix: ut
Root: sṛj (class 6)
Note: The compound noun refers to the act of discharging urine and feces.
दिवा (divā) - during the day (by day, during the day)
(indeclinable)
कुर्यात् (kuryāt) - should be done (should do, ought to do)
(verb)
3rd person , singular, active, potential (liṅ) of kṛ
Potential (Vidhi Ling)
From the root 'kṛ' (to do). The form is in the third person singular, potential mood.
Root: kṛ (class 8)
उदङ्मुखः (udaṅmukhaḥ) - facing north
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of udaṅmukha
udaṅmukha - facing north, with face turned north
Compound of 'udaṅ' (north) and 'mukha' (face). 'udaṅ' is a variation of 'uttara' (north).
Compound type : tatpurusha (udaṅ+mukha)
- udaṅ – north, northern direction
indeclinable - mukha – face, mouth, front, opening
noun (neuter)
Note: Describes the direction one should face.
दक्षिणाभिमुखो (dakṣiṇābhimukho) - facing south
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of dakṣiṇābhimukha
dakṣiṇābhimukha - facing south, with face turned south
Compound of 'dakṣiṇa' (south) and 'abhimukha' (facing, towards).
Compound type : tatpurusha (dakṣiṇa+abhimukha)
- dakṣiṇa – south, southern, right (side)
noun (masculine) - abhimukha – facing, towards, in front of
adjective (masculine)
From 'abhi-' (towards) + 'mukha' (face).
Prefix: abhi
Note: Describes the direction one should face at night.
रात्रौ (rātrau) - at night (at night, during the night)
(noun)
Locative, neuter, singular of rātra
rātra - night, nighttime
संध्यायश्च (saṁdhyāyaśca) - and at twilight (and twilight)
(noun)
Locative, masculine, singular of saṃdhyāya
saṁdhyāya - twilight, junction of day and night, dusk, dawn, meditation, contemplation
From the root 'dhyā' (to meditate, to contemplate) with prefix 'sam-' (together).
Prefix: sam
Root: dhyā (class 1)
Note: The 'ca' (and) connects this to the previous conditions. The locative case indicates time.
यथा (yathā) - just as (as, like, as if)
(indeclinable)
दिवा (divā) - during the day (by day, during the day)
(indeclinable)
Note: Repeated to indicate that the rule for twilight is the same as for daytime.