मनु-स्मृतिः
manu-smṛtiḥ
-
chapter-7, verse-94
यस्तु भीतः परावृत्तः सङ्ग्रामे हन्यते परैः ।
भर्तुर्यद दुष्कृतं किं चित तत सर्वं प्रतिपद्यते ॥९४॥
भर्तुर्यद दुष्कृतं किं चित तत सर्वं प्रतिपद्यते ॥९४॥
94. yastu bhītaḥ parāvṛttaḥ saṅgrāme hanyate paraiḥ ,
bharturyad duṣkṛtaṁ kiṁ cit tat sarvaṁ pratipadyate.
bharturyad duṣkṛtaṁ kiṁ cit tat sarvaṁ pratipadyate.
94.
yaḥ tu bhītaḥ parāvṛttaḥ saṅgrāme hanyate paraiḥ
bhartuḥ yat duṣkṛtam kim ca tat sarvam pratipadyate
bhartuḥ yat duṣkṛtam kim ca tat sarvam pratipadyate
94.
yaḥ tu bhītaḥ parāvṛttaḥ saṅgrāme paraiḥ hanyate
kim ca bhartuḥ yat duṣkṛtam tat sarvam pratipadyate
kim ca bhartuḥ yat duṣkṛtam tat sarvam pratipadyate
94.
But he who, being fearful and having turned back, is killed by the enemy in battle, takes upon himself all the evil deeds (dus(kṛtam) [deeds]) of his master (bhartuḥ) that he may have done.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- यः (yaḥ) - who, which
- तु (tu) - but, and, also
- भीतः (bhītaḥ) - fearful, afraid
- परावृत्तः (parāvṛttaḥ) - turned back, retreated
- सङ्ग्रामे (saṅgrāme) - in battle, in the fight
- हन्यते (hanyate) - is killed
- परैः (paraiḥ) - by enemies, by others
- भर्तुः (bhartuḥ) - of the master, of the lord, of the husband
- यत् (yat) - whatever, that which
- दुष्कृतम् (duṣkṛtam) - evil deeds (evil deed, wrong action)
- किम् (kim) - any (what, something, anything)
- च (ca) - and, also
- तत् (tat) - that, then
- सर्वम् (sarvam) - all, entire, whole
- प्रतिपद्यते (pratipadyate) - takes upon himself (undertakes, enters into, accepts, obtains)
Words meanings and morphology
यः (yaḥ) - who, which
(pronoun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of ya
ya - who, which, that
तु (tu) - but, and, also
(indeclinable)
भीतः (bhītaḥ) - fearful, afraid
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of bhīta
bhīta - afraid, fearful, frightened, timid
Past Passive Participle
from root √bhī (to fear)
Root: bhī (class 6)
परावृत्तः (parāvṛttaḥ) - turned back, retreated
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of parāvṛtta
parāvṛtta - turned back, returned, retreated, fled
Past Passive Participle
from root √vṛt (to turn, roll) with prefix parā-
Prefix: parā
Root: vṛt (class 1)
सङ्ग्रामे (saṅgrāme) - in battle, in the fight
(noun)
Locative, masculine, singular of saṅgrāma
saṅgrāma - battle, combat, fight, conflict, struggle
from root √kram (to step, go) with prefixes sam- and ā-
Prefixes: sam+ā
Root: kram (class 1)
हन्यते (hanyate) - is killed
(verb)
3rd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of han
Present Passive
from root √han (to strike, kill)
Root: han (class 2)
परैः (paraiḥ) - by enemies, by others
(pronoun)
Instrumental, masculine, plural of para
para - other, another, foreign, enemy
Note: Instrumental plural, agent of the passive verb 'hanyate'.
भर्तुः (bhartuḥ) - of the master, of the lord, of the husband
(noun)
Genitive, masculine, singular of bhartṛ
bhartṛ - supporter, sustainer, lord, husband, master
Verbal Noun/Agent Noun
from root √bhṛ (to bear, carry, support)
Root: bhṛ (class 3)
यत् (yat) - whatever, that which
(pronoun)
Nominative, neuter, singular of yat
yat - whatever, what, which, that
Note: Refers to 'duṣkṛtam'.
दुष्कृतम् (duṣkṛtam) - evil deeds (evil deed, wrong action)
(noun)
Nominative, neuter, singular of duṣkṛta
duṣkṛta - evil deed, wrong action, misdeed, crime
Past Passive Participle
compound: dus- (prefix indicating badness, difficulty) + kṛta (done, made)
Compound type : tatpurusha (dus+kṛta)
- dus – bad, ill, difficult, hard
indeclinable - kṛta – done, made, formed, caused
adjective (masculine/feminine/neuter)
Past Passive Participle
from root √kṛ (to do, make)
Root: kṛ (class 8)
Note: The relative pronoun 'yat' modifies this noun.
किम् (kim) - any (what, something, anything)
(indeclinable)
Note: Used here with 'yat' to mean 'whatever little'. It emphasizes that even a small amount of misdeed is transferred.
च (ca) - and, also
(indeclinable)
Note: In this context, 'kim ca' might mean 'whatever and however much'.
तत् (tat) - that, then
(pronoun)
Nominative, neuter, singular of tat
tat - that, it, then
Note: Refers back to 'yat duṣkṛtam kim ca'.
सर्वम् (sarvam) - all, entire, whole
(adjective)
Nominative, neuter, singular of sarva
sarva - all, entire, whole, every, complete
Note: Modifies 'tat' or refers to the entirety of the evil deeds.
प्रतिपद्यते (pratipadyate) - takes upon himself (undertakes, enters into, accepts, obtains)
(verb)
3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of pratipadyate
Present Middle
from root √pad (to fall, go, obtain) with prefixes prati- and api- (implied in the form)
Prefixes: prati+api
Root: pad (class 1)