मनु-स्मृतिः
manu-smṛtiḥ
-
chapter-7, verse-13
तस्माद धर्मं यमिष्टेषु स व्यवस्येन्नराधिपः ।
अनिष्टं चाप्यनिष्टेषु तं धर्मं न विचालयेत ॥१३॥
अनिष्टं चाप्यनिष्टेषु तं धर्मं न विचालयेत ॥१३॥
13. tasmād dharmaṁ yamiṣṭeṣu sa vyavasyennarādhipaḥ ,
aniṣṭaṁ cāpyaniṣṭeṣu taṁ dharmaṁ na vicālayet.
aniṣṭaṁ cāpyaniṣṭeṣu taṁ dharmaṁ na vicālayet.
13.
tasmād dharmam yam iṣṭeṣu sa vyavasyennarādhipaḥ
aniṣṭam cāpyaniṣṭeṣu tam dharmam na vicālayet
aniṣṭam cāpyaniṣṭeṣu tam dharmam na vicālayet
13.
tasmāt narādhipaḥ yam iṣṭeṣu saḥ dharmam vyavasyet
aniṣṭam cāpi aniṣṭeṣu tam dharmam na vicālayet
aniṣṭam cāpi aniṣṭeṣu tam dharmam na vicālayet
13.
Therefore, a ruler (narādhipaḥ) should decide on the appropriate (dharma) in desirable situations, and also the undesirable (dharma) in undesirable situations. He should not deviate from that (dharma).
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore (from that, therefore, hence)
- धर्मम् (dharmam) - the appropriate (dharma) (duty, law, virtue, innate constitution)
- यम् (yam) - which (dharma) (which, whom, what)
- इष्टेषु (iṣṭeṣu) - in desirable situations (in desired things, in loved ones, in desirable situations)
- सः (saḥ) - he (the ruler) (he, that one)
- व्यवस्येत् (vyavasyet) - should decide (should decide, should determine, should resolve)
- नराधिपः (narādhipaḥ) - a ruler of men (king, ruler of men)
- अनिष्टम् (aniṣṭam) - the undesirable (dharma) (undesired, unpleasant, disagreeable)
- चाप्यनिष्टेषु (cāpyaniṣṭeṣu) - and also in undesirable situations (and also in undesired things)
- तम् (tam) - that (dharma) (him, that one)
- धर्मम् (dharmam) - that (dharma) (duty, law, virtue, innate constitution)
- न (na) - not
- विचालयेत् (vicālayet) - should deviate (should move, should shake, should deviate)
Words meanings and morphology
तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore (from that, therefore, hence)
(pronoun)
Ablative, masculine, singular of tad
tad - he, she, it, that
धर्मम् (dharmam) - the appropriate (dharma) (duty, law, virtue, innate constitution)
(noun)
Accusative, masculine, singular of dharma
dharma - innate constitution, natural law, duty, virtue, religion
from root 'dhr' (to hold, to sustain)
Root: dhr (class 10)
यम् (yam) - which (dharma) (which, whom, what)
(pronoun)
Accusative, masculine, singular of yad
yad - who, which, what, that
इष्टेषु (iṣṭeṣu) - in desirable situations (in desired things, in loved ones, in desirable situations)
(adjective)
Locative, masculine, plural of iṣṭa
iṣṭa - desired, wished for, loved, agreeable, favourite
Past Passive Participle
from root 'iṣ' (to desire, to wish)
Root: iṣ (class 2)
Note: Used substantively here.
सः (saḥ) - he (the ruler) (he, that one)
(pronoun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of sa
sa - he, that, the former
व्यवस्येत् (vyavasyet) - should decide (should decide, should determine, should resolve)
(verb)
3rd person , active, optative (liṅ) of vyav-as
from root 'as' (to be) + prefixes 'vi' and 'ava'
Prefixes: vi+ava
Root: as (class 2)
Note: Potentially from vyavas + √as. The form is vidhilinga, indicating 'should'.
नराधिपः (narādhipaḥ) - a ruler of men (king, ruler of men)
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of narādhipa
narādhipa - king, ruler of men
compound of 'nara' (man) and 'adhipa' (lord, ruler)
Compound type : tatpurusha (nara+adhipa)
- nara – man, human being
noun (masculine) - adhipa – lord, ruler, master
noun (masculine)
from root 'i' (to go) + prefix 'adhi'
Prefix: adhi
Root: i (class 1)
अनिष्टम् (aniṣṭam) - the undesirable (dharma) (undesired, unpleasant, disagreeable)
(adjective)
Accusative, neuter, singular of aniṣṭa
aniṣṭa - undesired, unpleasant, disagreeable, not wished for
Past Passive Participle
from 'iṣṭa' (desired) + negation 'a'
Root: iṣ (class 2)
Note: Used substantively here.
चाप्यनिष्टेषु (cāpyaniṣṭeṣu) - and also in undesirable situations (and also in undesired things)
(indeclinable)
Note: This word is formed by sandhi: ca + api + aniṣṭeṣu.
तम् (tam) - that (dharma) (him, that one)
(pronoun)
Accusative, masculine, singular of tad
tad - he, she, it, that
धर्मम् (dharmam) - that (dharma) (duty, law, virtue, innate constitution)
(noun)
Accusative, masculine, singular of dharma
dharma - innate constitution, natural law, duty, virtue, religion
from root 'dhr' (to hold, to sustain)
Root: dhr (class 10)
न (na) - not
(indeclinable)
विचालयेत् (vicālayet) - should deviate (should move, should shake, should deviate)
(verb)
3rd person , active, optative (liṅ) of vicālayet
causative of 'cal' (to move) + prefix 'vi'
Prefix: vi
Root: cal (class 1)
Note: Potentially from √cal + vi + causative suffix + liṅ. Indicates 'should not'.