मनु-स्मृतिः
manu-smṛtiḥ
-
chapter-7, verse-108
यदि ते तु न तिष्ठेयुरुपायैः प्रथमैस्त्रिभिः ।
दण्डेनैव प्रसह्यैतांशनकैर्वशमानयेत ॥१०८॥
दण्डेनैव प्रसह्यैतांशनकैर्वशमानयेत ॥१०८॥
108. yadi te tu na tiṣṭheyurupāyaiḥ prathamaistribhiḥ ,
daṇḍenaiva prasahyaitāṁśanakairvaśamānayet.
daṇḍenaiva prasahyaitāṁśanakairvaśamānayet.
108.
yadi te tu na tiṣṭheyuḥ upāyaiḥ prathamaiḥ tribhiḥ
daṇḍena eva prasahya etān śaṅkaśakaiḥ vaśam ānayet
daṇḍena eva prasahya etān śaṅkaśakaiḥ vaśam ānayet
108.
yadi te tu tribhiḥ prathamaiḥ upāyaiḥ na tiṣṭheyuḥ tadā
etān śaṅkaśakaiḥ daṇḍena eva prasahya vaśam ānayet
etān śaṅkaśakaiḥ daṇḍena eva prasahya vaśam ānayet
108.
If they do not obey through the first three means, then one should bring them under control by force with the rod, little by little.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- यदि (yadi) - if, whether
- ते (te) - they (referring to subordinates/enemies) (they, them)
- तु (tu) - but, however (contrasting with previous means) (but, however, and)
- न (na) - not
- तिष्ठेयुः (tiṣṭheyuḥ) - they would obey, they would remain compliant (they would stand, they would remain, they would obey)
- उपायैः (upāyaiḥ) - by means (of reconciliation, gifts, etc.) (by means, by stratagems, by devices)
- प्रथमैः (prathamaiḥ) - by the first (three means) (by first, by early, by primary)
- त्रिभिः (tribhiḥ) - by the three (by three)
- दण्डेन (daṇḍena) - by punishment (the rod) (by a stick, by a rod, by punishment)
- एव (eva) - indeed, by force (indeed, certainly, also, even)
- प्रसह्य (prasahya) - forcibly, by compulsion (by force, by violence, forcibly)
- एतान् (etān) - them (referring to the disobedient) (these, them)
- शङ्कशकैः (śaṅkaśakaiḥ) - little by little, gradually (with little pieces, with bits, gradually)
- वशम् (vaśam) - under control (control, power, will)
- आनयेत् (ānayet) - one should bring (them under control) (he would bring, he would lead)
Words meanings and morphology
यदि (yadi) - if, whether
(indeclinable)
Note: Conditional conjunction.
ते (te) - they (referring to subordinates/enemies) (they, them)
(pronoun)
Nominative, masculine, plural of tat
tat - that, he, she, it, they
तु (tu) - but, however (contrasting with previous means) (but, however, and)
(indeclinable)
न (na) - not
(indeclinable)
तिष्ठेयुः (tiṣṭheyuḥ) - they would obey, they would remain compliant (they would stand, they would remain, they would obey)
(verb)
3rd person , plural, active, potential (liṅ) of sthā
Potential
Root sthā with vidhiliṅ लकार (potential mood).
Root: √sthā (class 1)
Note: In this context, 'obey' or 'be compliant' is a more appropriate translation than 'stand'.
उपायैः (upāyaiḥ) - by means (of reconciliation, gifts, etc.) (by means, by stratagems, by devices)
(noun)
Instrumental, masculine, plural of upāya
upāya - means, method, device, stratagem, remedy, way
Prefix: upa
Root: √i (class 2)
प्रथमैः (prathamaiḥ) - by the first (three means) (by first, by early, by primary)
(adjective)
Instrumental, masculine, plural of prathama
prathama - first, primary, earliest, foremost
Superlative of pra- (forth, forward)
त्रिभिः (tribhiḥ) - by the three (by three)
(numeral)
दण्डेन (daṇḍena) - by punishment (the rod) (by a stick, by a rod, by punishment)
(noun)
Instrumental, masculine, singular of daṇḍa
daṇḍa - stick, staff, rod, club, punishment, penalty, force
एव (eva) - indeed, by force (indeed, certainly, also, even)
(indeclinable)
प्रसह्य (prasahya) - forcibly, by compulsion (by force, by violence, forcibly)
(indeclinable)
Gerundive
Derived from √sah (to endure, to bear) with prefix pra- (forth, forward). Formed as gerundive from causative verb.
Prefix: pra
Root: √sah (class 1)
एतान् (etān) - them (referring to the disobedient) (these, them)
(pronoun)
Accusative, masculine, plural of etad
etad - this, this one, he, she, it
शङ्कशकैः (śaṅkaśakaiḥ) - little by little, gradually (with little pieces, with bits, gradually)
(noun)
Instrumental, masculine, plural of śaṅkaśaka
śaṅkaśaka - a small piece, a fragment, little by little, gradually
Note: Often used adverbially.
वशम् (vaśam) - under control (control, power, will)
(noun)
Accusative, masculine, singular of vaśa
vaśa - control, power, will, command, subjugation, dependent on
Note: Often used with verbs like 'kṛ' (to make) or 'gam' (to go) to indicate 'bringing under control' or 'coming under control'.
आनयेत् (ānayet) - one should bring (them under control) (he would bring, he would lead)
(verb)
3rd person , singular, active, potential (liṅ) of nī
Potential
Root nī with vidhiliṅ लकार (potential mood).
Prefix: ā
Root: √nī (class 1)
Note: The implied subject is 'one' or 'the king'.