मनु-स्मृतिः
manu-smṛtiḥ
-
chapter-7, verse-18
दण्डः शास्ति प्रजाः सर्वा दण्ड एवाभिरक्षति ।
दण्डः सुप्तेषु जागर्ति दण्डं धर्मं विदुर्बुधाः ॥१८॥
दण्डः सुप्तेषु जागर्ति दण्डं धर्मं विदुर्बुधाः ॥१८॥
18. daṇḍaḥ śāsti prajāḥ sarvā daṇḍa evābhirakṣati ,
daṇḍaḥ supteṣu jāgarti daṇḍaṁ dharmaṁ vidurbudhāḥ.
daṇḍaḥ supteṣu jāgarti daṇḍaṁ dharmaṁ vidurbudhāḥ.
18.
daṇḍaḥ śāsti prajāḥ sarvā daṇḍa evābhirakṣati
daṇḍaḥ supteṣu jāgarti daṇḍaṃ dharmaṃ vidur budhāḥ
daṇḍaḥ supteṣu jāgarti daṇḍaṃ dharmaṃ vidur budhāḥ
18.
daṇḍaḥ sarvā prajāḥ śāsti daṇḍaḥ evābhirakṣati
daṇḍaḥ supteṣu jāgarti budhāḥ daṇḍaṃ dharmaṃ viduḥ
daṇḍaḥ supteṣu jāgarti budhāḥ daṇḍaṃ dharmaṃ viduḥ
18.
The rod (daṇḍa) governs all subjects, the rod indeed protects them. The rod is watchful when they are asleep. The wise know the rod as the law (dharma).
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- दण्डः (daṇḍaḥ) - punishment or the authority that dispenses it (rod, stick, staff, punishment, scepter, penalty, law)
- शास्ति (śāsti) - governs (rules, governs, commands, teaches, punishes)
- प्रजाः (prajāḥ) - subjects (subjects, people, offspring, progeny)
- सर्वा (sarvā) - all the subjects (all, entire, whole)
- दण्डः (daṇḍaḥ) - the rod/authority (rod, stick, staff, punishment, scepter, penalty, law)
- एवा (evā) - indeed (indeed, certainly, only, also)
- अभिरक्षति (abhirakṣati) - protects (protects, guards, preserves)
- दण्डः (daṇḍaḥ) - the rod/authority (rod, stick, staff, punishment, scepter, penalty, law)
- सुप्तेषु (supteṣu) - when they are asleep (those who are asleep, sleeping)
- जागर्ति (jāgarti) - is watchful (is awake, wakes)
- दण्डम् (daṇḍam) - the rod/law (rod, stick, staff, punishment, scepter, penalty, law)
- धर्मम् (dharmam) - law (law, duty, righteousness, justice, virtue, religion)
- विदुर् (vidur) - know (know, understand)
- बुधाः (budhāḥ) - the wise (wise, learned, intelligent)
Words meanings and morphology
दण्डः (daṇḍaḥ) - punishment or the authority that dispenses it (rod, stick, staff, punishment, scepter, penalty, law)
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of daṇḍa
daṇḍa - rod, stick, staff, club, punishment, penalty, scepter, law, a measure
शास्ति (śāsti) - governs (rules, governs, commands, teaches, punishes)
(verb)
3rd person , active, present (laṭ) of śās
present tense
LAṭ 3.P.S.
Root: śās (class 2)
प्रजाः (prajāḥ) - subjects (subjects, people, offspring, progeny)
(noun)
Accusative, feminine, plural of prajā
prajā - offspring, progeny, people, subjects, creatures
सर्वा (sarvā) - all the subjects (all, entire, whole)
(adjective)
Accusative, feminine, plural of sarva
sarva - all, whole, entire, every
Note: agrees with prajāḥ
दण्डः (daṇḍaḥ) - the rod/authority (rod, stick, staff, punishment, scepter, penalty, law)
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of daṇḍa
daṇḍa - rod, stick, staff, club, punishment, penalty, scepter, law, a measure
एवा (evā) - indeed (indeed, certainly, only, also)
(indeclinable)
अभिरक्षति (abhirakṣati) - protects (protects, guards, preserves)
(verb)
3rd person , active, present (laṭ) of abhirakṣ
present tense
LAṭ 3.P.S.
Prefix: abhi
Root: rakṣ (class 1)
दण्डः (daṇḍaḥ) - the rod/authority (rod, stick, staff, punishment, scepter, penalty, law)
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of daṇḍa
daṇḍa - rod, stick, staff, club, punishment, penalty, scepter, law, a measure
सुप्तेषु (supteṣu) - when they are asleep (those who are asleep, sleeping)
(adjective)
Locative, masculine, plural of supta
supta - asleep, sleeping, deep
Past Passive Participle
from root √sup 'to sleep'
Root: sup (class 1)
Note: used substantively, referring to people who are asleep
जागर्ति (jāgarti) - is watchful (is awake, wakes)
(verb)
3rd person , active, present (laṭ) of jāgṛ
present tense
LAṭ 3.P.S.
Root: jāgṛ (class 1)
दण्डम् (daṇḍam) - the rod/law (rod, stick, staff, punishment, scepter, penalty, law)
(noun)
Accusative, masculine, singular of daṇḍa
daṇḍa - rod, stick, staff, club, punishment, penalty, scepter, law, a measure
धर्मम् (dharmam) - law (law, duty, righteousness, justice, virtue, religion)
(noun)
Accusative, masculine, singular of dharma
dharma - law, duty, righteousness, justice, virtue, religion, nature, characteristic, phenomenon
from root √dhṛ 'to hold, support'
Root: dhṛ (class 3)
विदुर् (vidur) - know (know, understand)
(verb)
3rd person , active, present (laṭ) of vid
present tense
LAṭ 3.P.P.
Root: vid (class 2)
बुधाः (budhāḥ) - the wise (wise, learned, intelligent)
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, plural of budha
budha - wise, intelligent, learned, knowing
from root √budh 'to know, awaken'
Root: budh (class 1)