मनु-स्मृतिः
manu-smṛtiḥ
-
chapter-7, verse-129
यथाऽल्पाल्पमदन्त्याद्यं वार्योकोवत्सषट्पदाः ।
तथाऽल्पाल्पो ग्रहीतव्यो राष्ट्राद राज्ञाब्दिकः करः ॥१२९॥
तथाऽल्पाल्पो ग्रहीतव्यो राष्ट्राद राज्ञाब्दिकः करः ॥१२९॥
129. yathā'lpālpamadantyādyaṁ vāryokovatsaṣaṭpadāḥ ,
tathā'lpālpo grahītavyo rāṣṭrād rājñābdikaḥ karaḥ.
tathā'lpālpo grahītavyo rāṣṭrād rājñābdikaḥ karaḥ.
129.
yathā alpālpam adanty ādyaṃ vāryokā vatsa ṣaṭpadāḥ
tathā alpālpam grahītavyo rāṣṭrāt rājñā ābdikaḥ karaḥ
tathā alpālpam grahītavyo rāṣṭrāt rājñā ābdikaḥ karaḥ
129.
yathā vāryokā vatsa ṣaṭpadāḥ ca ādyaṃ alpālpam adanti
tathā rājñā rāṣṭrāt ābdikaḥ karaḥ alpālpam grahītavyo
tathā rājñā rāṣṭrāt ābdikaḥ karaḥ alpālpam grahītavyo
129.
Just as the leech, the calf, and the bee eat little by little, so should a king collect an annual tax from the kingdom, little by little.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- यथा (yathā) - Just as (as, like, according to, how)
- अल्पाल्पम् (alpālpam) - little by little (little by little, bit by bit, gradually)
- अदन्ति (adanti) - eat (they eat, they consume)
- आद्यं (ādyaṁ) - the first one (referring to the leech) (first, primary, original, the first one)
- वार्योका (vāryokā) - leech (leech, water-leech)
- वत्स (vatsa) - calf (calf, child, beloved one)
- षट्पदाः (ṣaṭpadāḥ) - bee (bee, insect (having six feet))
- तथा (tathā) - so (so, thus, in that way, similarly)
- अल्पाल्पम् (alpālpam) - little by little (little by little, bit by bit, gradually)
- ग्रहीतव्यो (grahītavyo) - should be collected (should be taken, should be received, should be grasped)
- राष्ट्रात् (rāṣṭrāt) - from the kingdom (from the kingdom, from the country, from the realm)
- राज्ञा (rājñā) - by the king (by the king, by the ruler)
- आब्दिकः (ābdikaḥ) - annual (annual, yearly)
- करः (karaḥ) - tax (tax, tribute, impost)
Words meanings and morphology
यथा (yathā) - Just as (as, like, according to, how)
(indeclinable)
अल्पाल्पम् (alpālpam) - little by little (little by little, bit by bit, gradually)
(indeclinable)
Reduplication of 'alpa' (small).
Note: Adverbial usage.
अदन्ति (adanti) - eat (they eat, they consume)
(verb)
3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of ad
Present Active Indicative
Root 'ad' (√अद्) class 2 P with present tense ending for 3rd person plural.
Root: ad (class 2)
आद्यं (ādyaṁ) - the first one (referring to the leech) (first, primary, original, the first one)
(adjective)
Accusative, neuter, singular of ādya
ādya - first, primary, original, oldest
Superlative
Derived from 'ādi' (beginning) with superlative suffix '-ya'.
Note: Accusative case, likely referring to the leech as the object of an implied action or as a subject of the eating.
वार्योका (vāryokā) - leech (leech, water-leech)
(noun)
Nominative, feminine, singular of vāryokā
vāryokā - leech, water-leech
Possibly related to 'vāra' (water) and 'okā' (dwelling).
वत्स (vatsa) - calf (calf, child, beloved one)
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of vatsa
vatsa - calf, young of animals, child, son, beloved one
षट्पदाः (ṣaṭpadāḥ) - bee (bee, insect (having six feet))
(noun)
Nominative, feminine, singular of ṣaṭpadā
ṣaṭpadā - bee, insect (literally: six-footed)
Compound of 'ṣaṭ' (six) and 'padā' (feet, from 'pada' foot).
Compound type : bahuvrihi (ṣaṭ+pad)
- ṣaṭ – six
number - pad – foot, leg, step
noun (neuter)
तथा (tathā) - so (so, thus, in that way, similarly)
(indeclinable)
अल्पाल्पम् (alpālpam) - little by little (little by little, bit by bit, gradually)
(indeclinable)
Reduplication of 'alpa' (small).
Note: Adverbial usage.
ग्रहीतव्यो (grahītavyo) - should be collected (should be taken, should be received, should be grasped)
(nominal form)
Nominative, masculine, singular of grah
grah - to take, to seize, to grasp, to receive, to accept, to understand
Gerundive
Root 'grah' (√गृह्) class 1 A with gerundive suffix 'tavya'.
Root: grah (class 1)
Note: Gerundive indicates necessity or obligation. Agrees with 'karaḥ'.
राष्ट्रात् (rāṣṭrāt) - from the kingdom (from the kingdom, from the country, from the realm)
(noun)
Ablative, neuter, singular of rāṣṭra
rāṣṭra - kingdom, realm, dominion, country, sovereignty
From 'rāj' (king).
राज्ञा (rājñā) - by the king (by the king, by the ruler)
(noun)
Instrumental, masculine, singular of rājan
rājan - king, ruler, sovereign, the sun
आब्दिकः (ābdikaḥ) - annual (annual, yearly)
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of ābdika
ābdika - annual, yearly
Derived from 'abda' (year).
Note: Agrees with 'karaḥ'.
करः (karaḥ) - tax (tax, tribute, impost)
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of kara
kara - hand, ray, tax, tribute, impost, trunk (of an elephant), making, doing
From root 'kṛ' (√कृ) to do, make.
Root: kṛ (class 8)