मनु-स्मृतिः
manu-smṛtiḥ
-
chapter-7, verse-110
यथोद्धरति निर्दाता कक्षं धान्यं च रक्षति ।
तथा रक्षेन्नृपो राष्ट्रं हन्याच्च परिपन्थिनः ॥११०॥
तथा रक्षेन्नृपो राष्ट्रं हन्याच्च परिपन्थिनः ॥११०॥
110. yathoddharati nirdātā kakṣaṁ dhānyaṁ ca rakṣati ,
tathā rakṣennṛpo rāṣṭraṁ hanyācca paripanthinaḥ.
tathā rakṣennṛpo rāṣṭraṁ hanyācca paripanthinaḥ.
110.
yathā uddharati nirdātā kakṣam dhānyam ca rakṣati
tathā rakṣet nṛpaḥ rāṣṭram hantyāt ca paripanthinḥ
tathā rakṣet nṛpaḥ rāṣṭram hantyāt ca paripanthinḥ
110.
yathā nirdātā kakṣam uddharati dhānyam ca rakṣati
tathā nṛpaḥ rāṣṭram rakṣet ca paripanthinḥ hantyāt
tathā nṛpaḥ rāṣṭram rakṣet ca paripanthinḥ hantyāt
110.
Just as a thresher separates chaff from grain and protects the grain, so should a king protect the kingdom and destroy the enemies.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- यथा (yathā) - just as (as, like, how)
- उद्धर्ति (uddharti) - separates, winnows (he separates, he removes)
- निर्दाता (nirdātā) - thresher, one who separates (one who gives out, one who distributes, one who winnows)
- कक्षम् (kakṣam) - chaff (chaff, husk, husk of corn)
- धान्यम् (dhānyam) - grain (grain, corn, produce)
- च (ca) - and (and, also)
- रक्षति (rakṣati) - protects (he protects, he guards)
- तथा (tathā) - so, thus (so, thus, in that way)
- रक्षेत् (rakṣet) - should protect (he would protect, he should protect)
- नृपः (nṛpaḥ) - king (king, ruler)
- राष्ट्रम् (rāṣṭram) - kingdom (kingdom, realm, dominion)
- हन्त्यात् (hantyāt) - should destroy (he would kill, he should kill)
- च (ca) - and (and, also)
- परिपन्थिन्ः (paripanthinḥ) - enemies, adversaries (enemies, robbers, obstructors)
Words meanings and morphology
यथा (yathā) - just as (as, like, how)
(indeclinable)
Note: Conjunction introducing a comparison.
उद्धर्ति (uddharti) - separates, winnows (he separates, he removes)
(verb)
3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of ud
Note: The verb here seems to be 'dha' (to put, to place) with prefix 'ud' (up, out). However, 'uddharati' can also mean 'to lift up' or 'to remove'. In the context of grain, it means to separate or winnow.
निर्दाता (nirdātā) - thresher, one who separates (one who gives out, one who distributes, one who winnows)
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of nir
nir - out, out of, without, off, down
Note: Derived from √dā (to give) with prefix nir-. In this context, it refers to someone who separates or winnows.
कक्षम् (kakṣam) - chaff (chaff, husk, husk of corn)
(noun)
Accusative, masculine, singular of kakṣa
kakṣa - chaff, husk, outer covering, boundary, enclosure, armpit
धान्यम् (dhānyam) - grain (grain, corn, produce)
(noun)
Accusative, neuter, singular of dhānya
dhānya - grain, corn, paddy, wealth
च (ca) - and (and, also)
(indeclinable)
रक्षति (rakṣati) - protects (he protects, he guards)
(verb)
3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of rakṣ
Present Tense
Root rakṣ. Present tense, 3rd person singular.
Root: √rakṣ (class 1)
तथा (tathā) - so, thus (so, thus, in that way)
(indeclinable)
Note: Adverbial conjunction, used in comparison with 'yathā'.
रक्षेत् (rakṣet) - should protect (he would protect, he should protect)
(verb)
3rd person , singular, active, potential (liṅ) of rakṣ
Potential
Root rakṣ with vidhiliṅ लकार (potential mood).
Root: √rakṣ (class 1)
नृपः (nṛpaḥ) - king (king, ruler)
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of nṛpa
nṛpa - king, ruler
Compound of nṛ (man) and pa (to protect).
Compound type : tatpurusha (nṛ+pa)
- nṛ – man, person
noun (masculine) - pa – to protect, to guard
verb
Root: √pa (class 1)
राष्ट्रम् (rāṣṭram) - kingdom (kingdom, realm, dominion)
(noun)
Accusative, neuter, singular of rāṣṭra
rāṣṭra - kingdom, realm, dominion, rule, sovereignty
हन्त्यात् (hantyāt) - should destroy (he would kill, he should kill)
(verb)
3rd person , singular, active, potential (liṅ) of han
Potential
Root han with vidhiliṅ लकार (potential mood).
Root: √han (class 2)
च (ca) - and (and, also)
(indeclinable)
परिपन्थिन्ः (paripanthinḥ) - enemies, adversaries (enemies, robbers, obstructors)
(noun)
Accusative, masculine, plural of paripanthin
paripanthin - enemy, adversary, robber, one who obstructs
Derived from paripaṇthin (one who goes around, wanderer) or from pari- (around) + √han (to kill).
Prefix: pari
Root: √han (class 2)