मनु-स्मृतिः
manu-smṛtiḥ
-
chapter-7, verse-32
स्वराष्ट्रे न्यायवृत्तः स्याद भृशदण्डश्च शत्रुषु ।
सुहृत्स्वजिह्मः स्निग्धेषु ब्राह्मणेषु क्षमान्वितः ॥३२॥
सुहृत्स्वजिह्मः स्निग्धेषु ब्राह्मणेषु क्षमान्वितः ॥३२॥
32. svarāṣṭre nyāyavṛttaḥ syād bhṛśadaṇḍaśca śatruṣu ,
suhṛtsvajihmaḥ snigdheṣu brāhmaṇeṣu kṣamānvitaḥ.
suhṛtsvajihmaḥ snigdheṣu brāhmaṇeṣu kṣamānvitaḥ.
32.
svāräṣṭré nyāyavṛttaḥ syād bhṛśadaṇḍaḥ ca śatruṣu
| suhṛtsvajihmaḥ snigdhéṣu brāhmaṇéṣu kṣamānvitaḥ
| suhṛtsvajihmaḥ snigdhéṣu brāhmaṇéṣu kṣamānvitaḥ
32.
He should be just in his own kingdom, severely punitive towards enemies, straightforward towards friends, kind towards affectionate persons, and forgiving towards Brahmins.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- स्वार्äष्ट्र्é (svāräṣṭré) - in his own kingdom (in one's own kingdom)
- न्यायवृत्तः (nyāyavṛttaḥ) - just (one who acts justly, righteous in conduct)
- स्याद् (syād) - should be (should be, may be, might be)
- भृशदण्डः (bhṛśadaṇḍaḥ) - severely punitive (one who inflicts severe punishment)
- च (ca) - and (and, also, even)
- शत्रुषु (śatruṣu) - towards enemies (in enemies)
- सुहृत् (suhṛt) - friends (friend, well-wisher)
- स्वजिह्मः (svajihmaḥ) - straightforward (straightforward, honest, not crooked)
- स्निग्ध्éषु (snigdhéṣu) - towards affectionate persons (in the affectionate, in the oily, in the smooth)
- ब्राह्मण्éषु (brāhmaṇéṣu) - towards Brahmins (among Brahmins)
- क्षमान्वितः (kṣamānvitaḥ) - forgiving (endowed with forgiveness, patient, forgiving)
Words meanings and morphology
स्वार्äष्ट्र्é (svāräṣṭré) - in his own kingdom (in one's own kingdom)
(noun)
Locative, neuter, singular of svārajya
svārajya - own kingdom, sovereignty, self-rule
Compound: sva (own) + rājya (kingdom, rule)
Compound type : tatpurusha (sva+rājya)
- sva – own, self
pronoun (masculine) - rājya – kingdom, rule, sovereignty, realm
noun (neuter)
from root rāj (to rule, reign) + suffix -ya
Root: rāj (class 1)
न्यायवृत्तः (nyāyavṛttaḥ) - just (one who acts justly, righteous in conduct)
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of nyāyavṛtta
nyāyavṛtta - just in conduct, righteous, acting according to justice
Compound: nyāya (justice) + vṛtta (conduct, behaviour, act). Vṛtta is derived from root vṛt (to turn, exist, behave).
Compound type : tatpurusha (nyāya+vṛtta)
- nyāya – justice, right, law, rule, logic, reason
noun (masculine)
from prefix ni- + root i (to go) + suffix -a.
Prefix: ni-
Root: i (class 2) - vṛtta – circumference, circle, behaviour, conduct, act, event
noun (neuter)
Past Passive Participle
from root vṛt (to turn, exist, behave) + suffix -kta
Root: vṛt (class 1)
स्याद् (syād) - should be (should be, may be, might be)
(verb)
3rd person , active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of as
Root
Root: as (class 2)
Note: 3rd person singular optative, expressing what ought to be or a gentle command.
भृशदण्डः (bhṛśadaṇḍaḥ) - severely punitive (one who inflicts severe punishment)
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of bhṛśadaṇḍa
bhṛśadaṇḍa - severe punishment, one who punishes severely
Compound: bhṛśa (severe, excessive) + daṇḍa (punishment).
Compound type : tatpurusha (bhṛśa+daṇḍa)
- bhṛśa – much, excessive, severe, intense
adjective (masculine) - daṇḍa – stick, staff, punishment, penalty, scepter
noun (masculine)
च (ca) - and (and, also, even)
(indeclinable)
शत्रुषु (śatruṣu) - towards enemies (in enemies)
(noun)
Locative, masculine, plural of śatru
śatru - enemy, foe, adversary
सुहृत् (suhṛt) - friends (friend, well-wisher)
(noun)
Locative, masculine, plural of suhṛd
suhṛd - friend, well-wisher, one whose heart is good
Compound: su (good) + hṛd (heart)
Compound type : tatpurusha (su+hṛd)
- su – good, well
indeclinable
Prefix - hṛd – heart
noun (neuter)
स्वजिह्मः (svajihmaḥ) - straightforward (straightforward, honest, not crooked)
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of asvijihma
asvijihma - not crooked, straightforward, honest
Compound: a- (negation) + svajihma (crooked, indirect). Svajihma is a compound of su- (good) + jihma (crooked). So, a-su-jihma would mean 'not good-crooked' which is 'straight'. However, here it's 'suhṛtsu ajihmaḥ' or 'suhṛd-svajihmaḥ'. The most likely interpretation in context is that 'svajihmaḥ' here acts as an epithet for the king's behavior towards friends, meaning 'straightforward' or 'honest'. It's a negation of 'jihma' (crooked). 'suhṛtsu' modifies the context.
Compound type : bahuvrihi (a+su+jihma)
- a – not
indeclinable
Negating prefix - su – good, well
indeclinable
Prefix - jihma – crooked, bent, indirect, deceitful
adjective (masculine)
स्निग्ध्éषु (snigdhéṣu) - towards affectionate persons (in the affectionate, in the oily, in the smooth)
(adjective)
Locative, masculine, plural of snigdha
snigdha - oily, smooth, greasy, affectionate, friendly, tender
Past Passive Participle
from root snih (to be affectionate, to be greasy) + suffix -kta
Root: snih (class 4)
ब्राह्मण्éषु (brāhmaṇéṣu) - towards Brahmins (among Brahmins)
(noun)
Locative, masculine, plural of brāhmaṇa
brāhmaṇa - Brahmin, priest, learned man, pertaining to Brahma
from brahma (divine essence, sacred knowledge) + suffix -aṇa.
क्षमान्वितः (kṣamānvitaḥ) - forgiving (endowed with forgiveness, patient, forgiving)
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of kṣamānvita
kṣamānvita - endowed with forgiveness, patient, forgiving
Compound: kṣamā (forgiveness, patience) + anvita (endowed with, possessed of).
Compound type : tatpurusha (kṣamā+anvita)
- kṣamā – forgiveness, patience, endurance, tolerance
noun (feminine)
from root kṣam (to endure, tolerate, forgive) + suffix -ā.
Root: kṣam (class 1) - anvita – endowed with, possessed of, followed by, connected
adjective (masculine)
Past Passive Participle
from root an- (to go) + suffix -vita. Or from root vi (to go) + anu (after). 'anvīta' is also an adjective meaning 'connected'.
Root: an (class 10)