मनु-स्मृतिः
manu-smṛtiḥ
-
chapter-7, verse-51
दण्डस्य पातनं चैव वाक्पारुष्यार्थदूषणे ।
क्रोधजेऽपि गणे विद्यात कष्टमेतत त्रिकं सदा ॥५१॥
क्रोधजेऽपि गणे विद्यात कष्टमेतत त्रिकं सदा ॥५१॥
51. daṇḍasya pātanaṁ caiva vākpāruṣyārthadūṣaṇe ,
krodhaje'pi gaṇe vidyāt kaṣṭametat trikaṁ sadā.
krodhaje'pi gaṇe vidyāt kaṣṭametat trikaṁ sadā.
51.
daṇḍasya pātanaṃ ca evaṃ vākpāruṣya arthadūṣaṇe
krodhajam api gaṇē vidyāt kaṣṭam etat trikaṃ sadā
krodhajam api gaṇē vidyāt kaṣṭam etat trikaṃ sadā
51.
krodhajam api gaṇē etat trikaṃ daṇḍasya pātanaṃ
vākpāruṣya arthadūṣaṇe ca kaṣṭam sadā vidyāt
vākpāruṣya arthadūṣaṇe ca kaṣṭam sadā vidyāt
51.
The infliction of punishment (daṇḍasya pātanaṃ), harsh speech (vākpāruṣya) and corrupting wealth (arthadūṣaṇē) – these three should always be known as difficult (kaṣṭam etat trikaṃ sadā) in the group born of anger (krodhajē api gaṇē).
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- दण्डस्य (daṇḍasya) - of punishment (of punishment, of a rod)
- पातनं (pātanaṁ) - infliction (causing to fall, striking, overthrowing, inflicting)
- च (ca) - and (and, also, even)
- एवं (evaṁ) - and (thus, so, in this way)
- वाक्पारुष्य (vākpāruṣya) - harsh speech (harsh speech, abusive language)
- अर्थदूषणे (arthadūṣaṇe) - corrupting wealth (corrupting wealth, damaging property)
- क्रोधजम् (krodhajam) - born of anger (born of anger, caused by anger)
- अपि (api) - also (also, even, too, and)
- गणे (gaṇē) - in the group
- विद्यात् (vidyāt) - should be known (should know, may know, know)
- कष्टम् (kaṣṭam) - difficult (difficult, painful, troublesome)
- एतत् (etat) - this
- त्रिकं (trikaṁ) - trio (group of three, trio)
- सदा (sadā) - always (always, ever)
Words meanings and morphology
दण्डस्य (daṇḍasya) - of punishment (of punishment, of a rod)
(noun)
Genitive, masculine, singular of daṇḍa
daṇḍa - stick, staff, rod, punishment, penalty, force, severity
From root daṇḍ (to punish) or related to Danda, god of punishment.
Root: daṇḍ
पातनं (pātanaṁ) - infliction (causing to fall, striking, overthrowing, inflicting)
(noun)
Nominative, neuter, singular of pātana
pātana - causing to fall, striking, overthrowing, inflicting, shedding
From root pat (to fall) with suffix -ana.
Root: pat (class 1)
Note: Here in connection with daṇḍa, it means infliction of punishment.
च (ca) - and (and, also, even)
(indeclinable)
एवं (evaṁ) - and (thus, so, in this way)
(indeclinable)
वाक्पारुष्य (vākpāruṣya) - harsh speech (harsh speech, abusive language)
(noun)
Nominative, neuter, singular of vākpāruṣya
vākpāruṣya - harsh speech, abusive language, rudeness in speech
Compound of vāk (speech) and pāruṣya (harshness).
Compound type : tatpurusha (vāk+pāruṣya)
- vāk – speech, voice, word
noun (feminine) - pāruṣya – harshness, cruelty, roughness, rudeness, severity
noun (neuter)
From root paruṣ (to be harsh, rough) or parūṣa (rough, harsh).
Root: paruṣ (class 1)
अर्थदूषणे (arthadūṣaṇe) - corrupting wealth (corrupting wealth, damaging property)
(noun)
Locative, neuter, singular of arthadūṣaṇa
arthadūṣaṇa - destruction of wealth, corrupting property, debasing value
Compound of artha (wealth, value, meaning) and dūṣaṇa (corruption, destruction, injury).
Compound type : tatpurusha (artha+dūṣaṇa)
- artha – wealth, property, meaning, purpose, object, value, goal
noun (masculine) - dūṣaṇa – corruption, injury, harm, fault, disgrace, pollution
noun (neuter)
From root duṣ (to be corrupt, to spoil, to injure) with suffix -aṇa.
Root: duṣ (class 10)
क्रोधजम् (krodhajam) - born of anger (born of anger, caused by anger)
(adjective)
Locative, neuter, singular of krodhaja
krodhaja - born of anger, produced by anger
Compound of krodha (anger) and ja (born).
Compound type : tatpurusha (krodha+ja)
- krodha – anger, wrath, rage, indignation
noun (masculine)
From root krudh (to be angry).
Root: krudh (class 1) - ja – born, produced, caused
indeclinable
Past Passive Participle
From root jan (to be born, produce).
Root: jan (class 4)
Note: Modifies 'gaṇē'.
अपि (api) - also (also, even, too, and)
(indeclinable)
गणे (gaṇē) - in the group
(noun)
Locative, masculine, singular of gaṇa
gaṇa - group, host, class, multitude, troop, army, set, ganas (attendants of Shiva)
From root gam (to go) with suffix -aṇa, or from root gan (to count, assemble).
Root: gam (class 1)
विद्यात् (vidyāt) - should be known (should know, may know, know)
(verb)
3rd person , singular, active, potential (liṅ) of vid
Potential mood, 3rd person singular, active voice.
Root vid (to know) + liṅ lakāra.
Root: vid (class 2)
Note: Used here in the passive sense of 'should be known' by the subject trikam.
कष्टम् (kaṣṭam) - difficult (difficult, painful, troublesome)
(adjective)
Accusative, neuter, singular of kaṣṭa
kaṣṭa - difficult, painful, troublesome, hard, severe
एतत् (etat) - this
(pronoun)
Nominative, neuter, singular of etad
etad - this, that (proximal demonstrative)
Note: Refers to the trikam (trio).
त्रिकं (trikaṁ) - trio (group of three, trio)
(noun)
Accusative, neuter, singular of trika
trika - group of three, trio, triad
Derived from tri (three).
Note: Refers to the three vices listed.
सदा (sadā) - always (always, ever)
(indeclinable)