मनु-स्मृतिः
manu-smṛtiḥ
-
chapter-7, verse-164
स्वयङ्कृतश्च कार्यार्थमकाले काल एव वा ।
मित्रस्य चैवापकृते द्विविधो विग्रहः स्मृतः ॥१६४॥
मित्रस्य चैवापकृते द्विविधो विग्रहः स्मृतः ॥१६४॥
164. svayaṅkṛtaśca kāryārthamakāle kāla eva vā ,
mitrasya caivāpakṛte dvividho vigrahaḥ smṛtaḥ.
mitrasya caivāpakṛte dvividho vigrahaḥ smṛtaḥ.
164.
svayaṃkr̥taś ca kāryārthamakāle kāla eva vā |
mitrasya caivāpakr̥te dvividhaḥ vigrahaḥ smr̥taḥ
mitrasya caivāpakr̥te dvividhaḥ vigrahaḥ smr̥taḥ
164.
War (vigraha) is considered to be of two types: that which is undertaken by oneself for a purpose, either at the wrong time or at the right time, and that which is undertaken against a friend.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- स्वयंक्र्̥तः (svayaṁkr̥taḥ) - undertaken by oneself (self-made, self-initiated)
- च (ca) - and (and, also)
- कार्यार्थम् (kāryārtham) - for a purpose (for the sake of work, for the purpose of an action)
- अकाले (akāle) - at the wrong time (out of season, at the wrong time, untimely)
- काल (kāla) - at the right time (time, season, period)
- एव (eva) - indeed (only, indeed, also, even)
- वा (vā) - or
- मित्रस्य (mitrasya) - against a friend (of a friend)
- च (ca) - and (and, also)
- एवापक्र्̥ते (evāpakr̥te) - undertaken against (a friend) (done badly, wronged, harmed)
- द्विविधः (dvividhaḥ) - of two types (twofold, of two kinds)
- विग्रहः (vigrahaḥ) - war (war, battle, fight, separation, body)
- स्म्र्̥तः (smr̥taḥ) - is considered (remembered, recollected, known, considered)
Words meanings and morphology
स्वयंक्र्̥तः (svayaṁkr̥taḥ) - undertaken by oneself (self-made, self-initiated)
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of svayaṃkr̥ta
svayaṁkr̥ta - self-made, self-accomplished
Past Passive Participle
formed from svayam (self) + kr̥ta (done, made)
Compound type : karmadhāraya (svayam+kr̥ta)
- svayam – self, by oneself
indeclinable - kr̥ta – done, made, accomplished
adjective (masculine)
Past Passive Participle
from root kṛ (to do, make)
Root: kṛ (class 3)
च (ca) - and (and, also)
(indeclinable)
कार्यार्थम् (kāryārtham) - for a purpose (for the sake of work, for the purpose of an action)
(noun)
Accusative, masculine, singular of kāryārtha
kāryārtha - for the sake of an objective, for a purpose
compound of kārya (work, deed) + artha (purpose, meaning)
Compound type : tatpurusha (kārya+artha)
- kārya – work, deed, action, affair, duty
noun (neuter)
Past Passive Participle
from root kṛ (to do, make)
Root: kṛ (class 3) - artha – purpose, aim, goal, wealth, meaning
noun (masculine)
Note: the accusative case here indicates purpose.
अकाले (akāle) - at the wrong time (out of season, at the wrong time, untimely)
(noun)
Locative, masculine, singular of akāla
akāla - out of time, untimely, not the right season
formed from a (negation prefix) + kāla (time, season)
Compound type : avyayībhāva (a+kāla)
- a – not, without (negation)
prefix - kāla – time, season, period
noun (masculine)
Note: the locative case indicates time.
काल (kāla) - at the right time (time, season, period)
(noun)
Locative, masculine, singular of kāla
kāla - time, season, period, occasion
Note: the locative case indicates time.
एव (eva) - indeed (only, indeed, also, even)
(indeclinable)
वा (vā) - or
(indeclinable)
मित्रस्य (mitrasya) - against a friend (of a friend)
(noun)
Genitive, masculine, singular of mitra
mitra - friend, ally, companion
Note: The genitive case here indicates the party against whom the action is directed.
च (ca) - and (and, also)
(indeclinable)
एवापक्र्̥ते (evāpakr̥te) - undertaken against (a friend) (done badly, wronged, harmed)
(adjective)
Locative, masculine, singular of apakr̥ta
apakr̥ta - done badly, harmed, injured, wronged
Past Passive Participle
from apa (prefix indicating separation, badness) + kr̥ta (done, made)
Prefix: apa
Root: kṛ (class 3)
Note: The locative case here denotes the circumstance or relation. Combined with 'mitrasya' (of friend), it means 'in relation to what is done against a friend'.
द्विविधः (dvividhaḥ) - of two types (twofold, of two kinds)
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of dvividha
dvividha - twofold, of two kinds, double
formed from dvi (two) + vidha (kind, manner)
Compound type : karmadhāraya (dvi+vidha)
- dvi – two
numeral - vidha – kind, manner, way, sort
noun (masculine)
विग्रहः (vigrahaḥ) - war (war, battle, fight, separation, body)
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of vigraha
vigraha - war, battle, conflict, separation, body, form
formed from vi (prefix indicating separation, distinction) + graha (taking, seizing)
Prefix: vi
Root: grah (class 1)
स्म्र्̥तः (smr̥taḥ) - is considered (remembered, recollected, known, considered)
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of smr̥ta
smr̥ta - remembered, recollected, known, mentioned, considered
Past Passive Participle
from root smr̥ (to remember)
Root: smr̥ (class 1)
Note: Used here in passive sense with implied 'asti' (is).