मनु-स्मृतिः
manu-smṛtiḥ
-
chapter-7, verse-123
राज्ञो हि रक्षाधिकृताः परस्वादायिनः शठाः ।
भृत्या भवन्ति प्रायेण तेभ्यो रक्षेदिमाः प्रजाः ॥१२३॥
भृत्या भवन्ति प्रायेण तेभ्यो रक्षेदिमाः प्रजाः ॥१२३॥
123. rājño hi rakṣādhikṛtāḥ parasvādāyinaḥ śaṭhāḥ ,
bhṛtyā bhavanti prāyeṇa tebhyo rakṣedimāḥ prajāḥ.
bhṛtyā bhavanti prāyeṇa tebhyo rakṣedimāḥ prajāḥ.
123.
rājñaḥ hi rakṣādhikṛtāḥ parasvādāyinaḥ śaṭhāḥ
bhṛtyā bhavanti prāyeṇa tebhyaḥ rakṣet imāḥ prajāḥ
bhṛtyā bhavanti prāyeṇa tebhyaḥ rakṣet imāḥ prajāḥ
123.
hi rājñaḥ rakṣādhikṛtāḥ prāyeṇa śaṭhāḥ parasvādāyinaḥ
bhṛtyā bhavanti tebhyaḥ imāḥ prajāḥ rakṣet
bhṛtyā bhavanti tebhyaḥ imāḥ prajāḥ rakṣet
123.
Indeed, those appointed by the king for protection are often greedy, deceitful servants. From them, these subjects should be protected.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- राज्ञः (rājñaḥ) - of the king
- हि (hi) - indeed (indeed, surely, for)
- रक्षाधिकृताः (rakṣādhikṛtāḥ) - those appointed for protection (those appointed for protection, officers of protection)
- परस्वादायिनः (parasvādāyinaḥ) - greedy (taking others' property) (those who take others' property, plunderers)
- शठाः (śaṭhāḥ) - deceitful (deceitful, cunning, wicked, fraudulent)
- भृत्याः (bhṛtyāḥ) - servants (servants, employees)
- भवन्ति (bhavanti) - are (they are, they become)
- प्रायेण (prāyeṇa) - often (mostly, generally, usually, for the most part)
- तेभ्यः (tebhyaḥ) - from them (the servants) (from them)
- रक्षेत् (rakṣet) - should be protected (should protect, should guard)
- इमाः (imāḥ) - these subjects (these)
- प्रजाः (prajāḥ) - subjects (people, subjects, offspring, progeny)
Words meanings and morphology
राज्ञः (rājñaḥ) - of the king
(noun)
Genitive, masculine, singular of rājan
rājan - king, ruler, sovereign
From root 'ra' (to shine, to rule) or 'raj' (to be colored, to rule).
Root: ra (class 1)
हि (hi) - indeed (indeed, surely, for)
(indeclinable)
रक्षाधिकृताः (rakṣādhikṛtāḥ) - those appointed for protection (those appointed for protection, officers of protection)
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, plural of rakṣādhikṛta
rakṣādhikṛta - appointed for protection, official for protection
Past Passive Participle
Compound of 'rakṣā' (protection) and 'adhikṛta' (appointed, authorized), which is a past passive participle of 'adhikṛ' (to appoint).
Compound type : tatpurusha (rakṣā+adhikṛta)
- rakṣā – protection, guarding, defense
noun (feminine)
From root 'rakṣ' (to protect).
Root: rakṣ (class 1) - adhikṛta – appointed, authorized, official
adjective (masculine)
Past Passive Participle
From root 'kṛ' with prefix 'adhi-' (over, upon).
Prefix: adhi
Root: kṛ (class 8)
परस्वादायिनः (parasvādāyinaḥ) - greedy (taking others' property) (those who take others' property, plunderers)
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, plural of parasvādāyin
parasvādāyin - one who takes others' property, thief, plunderer
Compound of 'para' (other), 'sva' (own), and 'dāyin' (giver, one who gives). Here 'dāyin' is used in the sense of 'taking' (related to 'dā' - to give, or 'day' - to injure/take). The construction implies taking what belongs to others.
Compound type : tatpurusha (para+sva+dāyin)
- para – other, foreign, alien
adjective (masculine) - sva – own, self
adjective (masculine) - dāyin – giver, bestower, one who gives
noun (masculine)
Active Participle
From root 'dā' (to give) with suffix -in. In this compound, it signifies taking.
Root: dā (class 3)
Note: Describes 'rakṣādhikṛtāḥ'.
शठाः (śaṭhāḥ) - deceitful (deceitful, cunning, wicked, fraudulent)
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, plural of śaṭha
śaṭha - deceitful, cunning, fraudulent, wicked, dishonest
Note: Describes 'rakṣādhikṛtāḥ'.
भृत्याः (bhṛtyāḥ) - servants (servants, employees)
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, plural of bhṛtya
bhṛtya - servant, hired laborer, slave
Past Passive Participle
From root 'bhṛ' (to bear, to carry, to support, to hire).
Root: bhṛ (class 1)
Note: Identifies 'rakṣādhikṛtāḥ', 'parasvādāyinaḥ', 'śaṭhāḥ'.
भवन्ति (bhavanti) - are (they are, they become)
(verb)
3rd person , active, present (laṭ) of bhū
Pres. 3. pl.
Root 'bhū' (to be). Present tense, active voice.
Root: bhū (class 2)
प्रायेण (prāyeṇa) - often (mostly, generally, usually, for the most part)
(indeclinable)
Derived from root 'prā' (to fill, to abound).
Root: prā (class 1)
तेभ्यः (tebhyaḥ) - from them (the servants) (from them)
(pronoun)
Ablative, masculine, plural of tat
tat - that, it, he, she, they
Note: Refers to 'bhṛtyāḥ'.
रक्षेत् (rakṣet) - should be protected (should protect, should guard)
(verb)
3rd person , active, potential (vidhliṅ) of rakṣ
Potl. 3. sg.
Root 'rakṣ' (to protect). Forms the potential mood (vidhliṅ).
Root: rakṣ (class 1)
इमाः (imāḥ) - these subjects (these)
(pronoun)
Accusative, feminine, plural of idam
idam - this, that, it
Note: Modifies 'prajāḥ'.
प्रजाः (prajāḥ) - subjects (people, subjects, offspring, progeny)
(noun)
Accusative, feminine, plural of prajā
prajā - offspring, progeny, descendant, people, subjects, living beings
From root 'jan' (to be born) with prefix 'pra-' (forth, forward).
Prefix: pra
Root: jan (class 4)
Note: The object of 'rakṣet'.