मनु-स्मृतिः
manu-smṛtiḥ
-
chapter-7, verse-20
यदि न प्रणयेद राजा दण्डं दण्ड्येष्वतन्द्रितः ।
शूले मत्स्यानिवापक्ष्यन दुर्बलान बलवत्तराः ॥२०॥
शूले मत्स्यानिवापक्ष्यन दुर्बलान बलवत्तराः ॥२०॥
20. yadi na praṇayed rājā daṇḍaṁ daṇḍyeṣvatandritaḥ ,
śūle matsyānivāpakṣyan durbalān balavattarāḥ.
śūle matsyānivāpakṣyan durbalān balavattarāḥ.
20.
yadi na praṇayed rājā daṇḍaṃ daṇḍyeṣv atandritaḥ
śūle matsyān ivāpakṣyan durbalān balavattarāḥ
śūle matsyān ivāpakṣyan durbalān balavattarāḥ
20.
yadi rājā atandritaḥ daṇḍyeṣu daṇḍaṃ na praṇayet
balavattarāḥ durbalān śūle matsyaḥ iva apakṣyan syuḥ
balavattarāḥ durbalān śūle matsyaḥ iva apakṣyan syuḥ
20.
If the king, without negligence, does not inflict punishment on the punishable, the stronger would devour the weaker, like fish in water.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- यदि (yadi) - if
- न (na) - not
- प्रणयेत् (praṇayet) - should inflict (should inflict, should apply, should lead)
- राजा (rājā) - king
- दण्डम् (daṇḍam) - punishment (rod, stick, staff, punishment, scepter, penalty, law)
- दण्ड्येषु (daṇḍyeṣu) - on the punishable (among those who deserve punishment, the punishable)
- अतन्द्रितः (atandritaḥ) - without negligence (not negligent, attentive, diligent)
- शूले (śūle) - in the sea (metaphorically, implying a precarious situation or a large domain) (on a stake, on a spear, in the sea)
- मत्स्यान् (matsyān) - fish
- इवा (ivā) - like (like, as)
- अपक्ष्यन् (apakṣyan) - devour (eating, consuming)
- दुर्बलान् (durbalān) - the weaker (weak, feeble)
- बलवत्तराः (balavattarāḥ) - the stronger (stronger, more powerful)
Words meanings and morphology
यदि (yadi) - if
(indeclinable)
न (na) - not
(indeclinable)
प्रणयेत् (praṇayet) - should inflict (should inflict, should apply, should lead)
(verb)
3rd person , active, potential (sma) of praṇī
Potential mood
SMA, 3.P.S.
Prefix: pra
Root: nī (class 1)
राजा (rājā) - king
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan
rājan - king, ruler
दण्डम् (daṇḍam) - punishment (rod, stick, staff, punishment, scepter, penalty, law)
(noun)
Accusative, masculine, singular of daṇḍa
daṇḍa - rod, stick, staff, club, punishment, penalty, scepter, law, a measure
दण्ड्येषु (daṇḍyeṣu) - on the punishable (among those who deserve punishment, the punishable)
(adjective)
Locative, masculine, plural of daṇḍya
daṇḍya - punishable, worthy of punishment
Gerundive
from root √daṇḍ 'to punish'
Root: daṇḍ
Note: used substantively
अतन्द्रितः (atandritaḥ) - without negligence (not negligent, attentive, diligent)
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of atandrita
atandrita - not negligent, attentive, diligent, careful
Past Passive Participle
negated form of tandrita, from root √tand 'to be negligent'
Prefix: a
Root: tand
Note: agrees with 'rājā'
शूले (śūle) - in the sea (metaphorically, implying a precarious situation or a large domain) (on a stake, on a spear, in the sea)
(noun)
Locative, neuter, singular of śūla
śūla - a spit, a stake, a spear, trident, pain, disease, the sea
मत्स्यान् (matsyān) - fish
(noun)
Accusative, masculine, plural of matsya
matsya - fish
इवा (ivā) - like (like, as)
(indeclinable)
अपक्ष्यन् (apakṣyan) - devour (eating, consuming)
(participle)
Nominative, masculine, plural of pakṣ
pakṣ - to eat, consume
present participle
śatṛ, 3.P.P. with prefix apa-
Prefix: apa
Root: pakṣ (class 1)
Note: used substantively, implies the stronger ones would be devouring
दुर्बलान् (durbalān) - the weaker (weak, feeble)
(adjective)
Accusative, masculine, plural of durbala
durbala - weak, feeble, powerless
compounded word: dus (difficult) + bala (strength)
Note: used substantively
बलवत्तराः (balavattarāḥ) - the stronger (stronger, more powerful)
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, plural of balavattara
balavattara - stronger, more powerful
comparative
comparative form of balavat (strong, powerful)
Note: agrees with implied subject of apakṣyan