मनु-स्मृतिः
manu-smṛtiḥ
-
chapter-7, verse-48
पैशुन्यं साहसं द्रोह ईर्ष्याऽसूयाऽर्थदूषणम ।
वाग्दण्डजं च पारुष्यं क्रोधजोऽपि गणोऽष्टकः ॥४८॥
वाग्दण्डजं च पारुष्यं क्रोधजोऽपि गणोऽष्टकः ॥४८॥
48. paiśunyaṁ sāhasaṁ droha īrṣyā'sūyā'rthadūṣaṇam ,
vāgdaṇḍajaṁ ca pāruṣyaṁ krodhajo'pi gaṇo'ṣṭakaḥ.
vāgdaṇḍajaṁ ca pāruṣyaṁ krodhajo'pi gaṇo'ṣṭakaḥ.
48.
paiśunyaṃ sāhasaṃ droha īrṣyā asūyā arthadūṣaṇam
vāgdaṇḍajaṃ ca pāruṣyam krodhajam api gaṇaḥ aṣṭakaḥ
vāgdaṇḍajaṃ ca pāruṣyam krodhajam api gaṇaḥ aṣṭakaḥ
48.
krodhajam api aṣṭakaḥ gaṇaḥ paiśunyaṃ sāhasaṃ droha
īrṣyā asūyā arthadūṣaṇam vāgdaṇḍajaṃ ca pāruṣyam
īrṣyā asūyā arthadūṣaṇam vāgdaṇḍajaṃ ca pāruṣyam
48.
Slander (paishunyam), recklessness (sahasam), treachery (drohah), envy (irshya), malice (asuyā), corrupting wealth (arthadūṣaṇam), abusive speech (vāgdaṇḍajam) and harshness (pāruṣyam) – these are the eightfold group born of anger (krodhajam api gaṇaḥ aṣṭakaḥ).
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- पैशुन्यं (paiśunyaṁ) - slander (slander, calumny, backbiting)
- साहसं (sāhasaṁ) - recklessness (courage, bravery, boldness, audacity, recklessness, violence)
- द्रोह (droha) - treachery (betrayal, treachery, enmity, harm, injury)
- ईर्ष्या (īrṣyā) - envy (envy, jealousy, spite)
- असूया (asūyā) - malice (malice, envy, detraction, jealousy, finding fault)
- अर्थदूषणम् (arthadūṣaṇam) - corrupting wealth (corrupting wealth, damaging property, debasing value)
- वाग्दण्डजम् (vāgdaṇḍajam) - abusive speech (born of harsh speech or punishment)
- च (ca) - and (and, also, even)
- पारुष्यम् (pāruṣyam) - harshness (harshness, cruelty, roughness, rudeness)
- क्रोधजम् (krodhajam) - born of anger (born of anger, caused by anger)
- अपि (api) - also (also, even, too, and)
- गणः (gaṇaḥ) - group (group, host, class, multitude, troop)
- अष्टकः (aṣṭakaḥ) - eightfold (eight, set of eight)
Words meanings and morphology
पैशुन्यं (paiśunyaṁ) - slander (slander, calumny, backbiting)
(noun)
Accusative, neuter, singular of paiśunya
paiśunya - slander, calumny, meanness, wickedness
Derived from piśāca (demon) or paíśu (cattle, herd) with suffix -ya.
साहसं (sāhasaṁ) - recklessness (courage, bravery, boldness, audacity, recklessness, violence)
(noun)
Accusative, neuter, singular of sāhasa
sāhasa - courage, bravery, boldness, audacity, recklessness, violence, strength
From root sah (to endure, to be strong) with suffix -asa. Or related to sáh- (strong).
Root: sah (class 1)
द्रोह (droha) - treachery (betrayal, treachery, enmity, harm, injury)
(noun)
Accusative, masculine, singular of droha
droha - betrayal, treachery, enmity, harm, injury, mischief
From root druh (to harm, betray) with suffix -a.
Root: druh (class 4)
ईर्ष्या (īrṣyā) - envy (envy, jealousy, spite)
(noun)
Accusative, feminine, singular of īrṣyā
īrṣyā - envy, jealousy, spite, hatred
From root īrṣ (to envy, be angry) with suffix -yā.
Root: īrṣ (class 7)
असूया (asūyā) - malice (malice, envy, detraction, jealousy, finding fault)
(noun)
Accusative, feminine, singular of asūyā
asūyā - malice, envy, detraction, jealousy, finding fault, spite
From root sū (to bring forth, produce) with prefix a- (negation).
Prefix: a-
Root: sū (class 5)
अर्थदूषणम् (arthadūṣaṇam) - corrupting wealth (corrupting wealth, damaging property, debasing value)
(noun)
Accusative, neuter, singular of arthadūṣaṇa
arthadūṣaṇa - destruction of wealth, corrupting property, debasing value
Compound of artha (wealth, value, meaning) and dūṣaṇa (corruption, destruction, injury).
Compound type : tatpurusha (artha+dūṣaṇa)
- artha – wealth, property, meaning, purpose, object, value, goal
noun (masculine) - dūṣaṇa – corruption, injury, harm, fault, disgrace, pollution
noun (neuter)
From root duṣ (to be corrupt, to spoil, to injure) with suffix -aṇa.
Root: duṣ (class 10)
वाग्दण्डजम् (vāgdaṇḍajam) - abusive speech (born of harsh speech or punishment)
(adjective)
Accusative, neuter, singular of vāgdaṇḍaja
vāgdaṇḍaja - born of harsh speech or punishment
Compound of vāk (speech) + daṇḍa (stick, punishment, severity) + ja (born of). Related to harsh speech or punishment.
Compound type : bahuvrīhi (vāk+daṇḍa+ja)
- vāk – speech, voice, word
noun (feminine) - daṇḍa – stick, staff, rod, punishment, penalty, force, severity
noun (masculine)
From root daṇḍ (to punish) or related to Danda, god of punishment.
Root: daṇḍ - ja – born, produced, caused
indeclinable
Past Passive Participle
From root jan (to be born, produce).
Root: jan (class 4)
Note: Refers to harshness in speech.
च (ca) - and (and, also, even)
(indeclinable)
पारुष्यम् (pāruṣyam) - harshness (harshness, cruelty, roughness, rudeness)
(noun)
Accusative, neuter, singular of pāruṣya
pāruṣya - harshness, cruelty, roughness, rudeness, severity
From root paruṣ (to be harsh, rough) or parūṣa (rough, harsh).
Root: paruṣ (class 1)
क्रोधजम् (krodhajam) - born of anger (born of anger, caused by anger)
(adjective)
Accusative, neuter, singular of krodhaja
krodhaja - born of anger, produced by anger
Compound of krodha (anger) and ja (born).
Compound type : tatpurusha (krodha+ja)
- krodha – anger, wrath, rage, indignation
noun (masculine)
From root krudh (to be angry).
Root: krudh (class 1) - ja – born, produced, caused
indeclinable
Past Passive Participle
From root jan (to be born, produce).
Root: jan (class 4)
अपि (api) - also (also, even, too, and)
(indeclinable)
गणः (gaṇaḥ) - group (group, host, class, multitude, troop)
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of gaṇa
gaṇa - group, host, class, multitude, troop, army, set, ganas (attendants of Shiva)
From root gam (to go) with suffix -aṇa, or from root gan (to count, assemble).
Root: gam (class 1)
अष्टकः (aṣṭakaḥ) - eightfold (eight, set of eight)
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of aṣṭaka
aṣṭaka - eight, consisting of eight, an octave, a group of eight verses or items
Derived from aṣṭa (eight).
Note: Refers to the eight items listed.