मनु-स्मृतिः
manu-smṛtiḥ
-
chapter-7, verse-141
अमात्यमुख्यं धर्मज्ञं प्राज्ञं दान्तं कुलोद्गतम ।
स्थापयेदासने तस्मिन खिन्नः कार्यैक्षणे नृणाम ॥१४१॥
स्थापयेदासने तस्मिन खिन्नः कार्यैक्षणे नृणाम ॥१४१॥
141. amātyamukhyaṁ dharmajñaṁ prājñaṁ dāntaṁ kulodgatam ,
sthāpayedāsane tasmin khinnaḥ kāryaikṣaṇe nṛṇām.
sthāpayedāsane tasmin khinnaḥ kāryaikṣaṇe nṛṇām.
141.
amātyamukhyaṃ dharmam prājñaṃ dāntaṃ kulōdgatama
sthāpayet āsane tasmin khinnaḥ kāryaiKṣaṇe nṛṇām
sthāpayet āsane tasmin khinnaḥ kāryaiKṣaṇe nṛṇām
141.
nṛṇām kāryaiKṣaṇe khinnaḥ na sthāpayet amātyamukhyaṃ
dharmam prājñaṃ dāntaṃ kulōdgatama tasmin āsane
dharmam prājñaṃ dāntaṃ kulōdgatama tasmin āsane
141.
One should appoint to that position a chief minister (amātyamukhyaṃ) who is knowledgeable in dharma (dharmam), wise (prājñaṃ), self-controlled (dāntaṃ), and of good lineage (kulōdgatama). He should be the one who is not weary of inspecting the affairs (kāryaiKṣaṇe) of the people (nṛṇām).
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- अमात्यमुख्यं (amātyamukhyaṁ) - chief minister (chief minister, principal minister)
- धर्मम् (dharmam) - dharma (dharmam) (duty, righteousness, law, virtue, religion, justice, innate nature)
- प्राज्ञं (prājñaṁ) - wise (wise, intelligent, knowing)
- दान्तं (dāntaṁ) - self-controlled (controlled, restrained, tamed, disciplined)
- कुल्ओद्गतम (kulōdgatama) - of good lineage (of noble birth, high-born)
- स्थापयेत् (sthāpayet) - should appoint (should place, should establish, should appoint)
- आसने (āsane) - to that position (on the seat, on the throne, on the position)
- तस्मिन् (tasmin) - that (position) (in that, on that, to that)
- खिन्नः (khinnaḥ) - not weary (weary, tired, distressed, afflicted)
- न (na) - not
- कार्यैक्षणे (kāryaikṣaṇe) - inspecting the affairs (in looking at work, in inspecting affairs)
- नृणाम् (nṛṇām) - of the people (of men, of people)
Words meanings and morphology
अमात्यमुख्यं (amātyamukhyaṁ) - chief minister (chief minister, principal minister)
(noun)
Accusative, masculine, singular of amātyamukhya
amātyamukhya - chief minister, principal minister
Compound of 'amātya' (minister) and 'mukhya' (chief, principal).
Compound type : tatpurusha (amātya+mukhya)
- amātya – minister, counselor, associate
noun (masculine) - mukhya – chief, principal, most important, leader
adjective (masculine)
धर्मम् (dharmam) - dharma (dharmam) (duty, righteousness, law, virtue, religion, justice, innate nature)
(noun)
Accusative, masculine, singular of dharma
dharma - duty, righteousness, law, virtue, religion, justice, innate nature, essential quality, characteristic
From the root 'dhr' (to hold, to support).
Root: dhr (class 1)
प्राज्ञं (prājñaṁ) - wise (wise, intelligent, knowing)
(adjective)
Accusative, masculine, singular of prājña
prājña - wise, intelligent, knowing, learned
Compound of 'pra' (prefix indicating intensity or forward movement) and 'jña' (knowing, from root 'jñā').
Prefix: pra
Root: jñā (class 2)
दान्तं (dāntaṁ) - self-controlled (controlled, restrained, tamed, disciplined)
(adjective)
Accusative, masculine, singular of dānta
dānta - controlled, restrained, tamed, disciplined, subdued
Past Passive Participle
From the root 'dam' (to tame, to control) with suffix 'kta'.
Root: dam (class 1)
कुल्ओद्गतम (kulōdgatama) - of good lineage (of noble birth, high-born)
(adjective)
Accusative, masculine, singular of kulōdgatama
kulōdgatama - of noble birth, high-born, sprung from a good family
Compound of 'kula' (family, lineage), 'udgata' (risen, come forth), and 'tama' (superlative suffix, here used for emphasis or to form a standard). Or 'kula' + 'ud' + 'gam' + 'kta' + 'tama'.
Compound type : bahuvrīhi (kula+udgata)
- kula – family, clan, race, herd, collection
noun (neuter) - udgata – risen, come forth, emerged, sprung
adjective (masculine)
Past Passive Participle
From the root 'gam' (to go) with prefix 'ud' and suffix 'kta'.
Prefix: ud
Root: gam (class 1)
स्थापयेत् (sthāpayet) - should appoint (should place, should establish, should appoint)
(verb)
3rd person , singular, active, optative (liṅ) of sthāpā
Causative
Causative of the root 'sthā' (to stand) with the third person singular optative marker 'yet'.
Root: sthā (class 1)
आसने (āsane) - to that position (on the seat, on the throne, on the position)
(noun)
Locative, neuter, singular of āsana
āsana - seat, sitting, throne, place, posture
From the root 'as' (to sit).
Root: as (class 2)
तस्मिन् (tasmin) - that (position) (in that, on that, to that)
(pronoun)
Locative, masculine, singular of tad
tad - that, it
Note: Refers to 'āsane'.
खिन्नः (khinnaḥ) - not weary (weary, tired, distressed, afflicted)
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of khinna
khinna - weary, tired, distressed, afflicted, dejected
Past Passive Participle
From the root 'kṣid' (to be weary, to be distressed) with suffix 'kta'.
Root: kṣid (class 6)
Note: This adjective describes the person who is NOT to be appointed, implying the appointed person should be energetic.
न (na) - not
(indeclinable)
Note: Negates the following verb 'sthāpayet' in some interpretations or modifies 'khinnaḥ'.
कार्यैक्षणे (kāryaikṣaṇe) - inspecting the affairs (in looking at work, in inspecting affairs)
(noun)
Locative, neuter, singular of kāryaiKṣaṇa
kāryaiKṣaṇa - inspection of work, examination of affairs
Compound of 'kārya' (work, affair) and 'īKṣaṇa' (seeing, looking, inspection).
Compound type : tatpurusha (kārya+īKṣaṇa)
- kārya – work, duty, business, affair, thing to be done
noun (neuter)
Past Passive Participle
From the root 'kṛ' (to do, to make) with suffix 'ya'.
Root: kṛ (class 8) - īKṣaṇa – seeing, looking, sight, observation, inspection
noun (neuter)
From the root 'īkṣ' (to see, to look).
Root: īkṣ (class 1)
Note: The locative case here indicates the context or sphere of action.
नृणाम् (nṛṇām) - of the people (of men, of people)
(noun)
Genitive, masculine, plural of nṛ
nṛ - man, person, male