मनु-स्मृतिः
manu-smṛtiḥ
-
chapter-7, verse-195
उपरुध्यारिमासीत राष्ट्रं चास्योपपीडयेत ।
दूषयेच्चास्य सततं यवसान्नोदकैन्धनम ॥१९५॥
दूषयेच्चास्य सततं यवसान्नोदकैन्धनम ॥१९५॥
195. uparudhyārimāsīta rāṣṭraṁ cāsyopapīḍayet ,
dūṣayeccāsya satataṁ yavasānnodakaindhanam.
dūṣayeccāsya satataṁ yavasānnodakaindhanam.
195.
uparudhyāri māsīta rāṣṭraṃ cāsya upapīḍayet
dūṣayecca asya satataṃ yavasa-anna-odakai-ndhanam
dūṣayecca asya satataṃ yavasa-anna-odakai-ndhanam
195.
ari māsīta uparudhya asya rāṣṭraṃ ca upapīḍayet
asya satataṃ yavasa-anna-odakai-ndhanam ca dūṣayet
asya satataṃ yavasa-anna-odakai-ndhanam ca dūṣayet
195.
One should blockade the enemy and oppress his country. One should also constantly contaminate his fodder, water, and fuel.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- उपरुध्यारि (uparudhyāri) - having blockaded the enemy
- मासीत (māsīta) - should blockade (by sitting around) (should sit, should stay)
- राष्ट्रं (rāṣṭraṁ) - kingdom, country
- चास्या (cāsyā) - and his (the enemy's) (and his)
- उपपीडयेत् (upapīḍayet) - should oppress, should afflict
- दूषयेच्च (dūṣayecca) - and should pollute, should contaminate
- अस्य (asya) - of the enemy (his)
- सततं (satataṁ) - constantly, always
- यवस-अन्न-ओदकै-न्धनम् (yavasa-anna-odakai-ndhanam) - fodder, food, water, and fuel
Words meanings and morphology
उपरुध्यारि (uparudhyāri) - having blockaded the enemy
(indeclinable)
Gerund
gerund of root 'rudh' with prefix 'upa', followed by 'ari'
Prefix: upa
Root: rudh (class 1)
Note: gerund, indicating an action preceding the main verb. 'ari' is accusative, object of the gerund.
मासीत (māsīta) - should blockade (by sitting around) (should sit, should stay)
(verb)
3rd person , active, potential (vidhliṅ) of ās
Potential
form of root 'ās' with prefix 'an' (implied or part of the construction of 'mā' + 'āsīta' for prohibition or continued action), potential mood
Root: ās (class 2)
Note: The 'mā' is often used with the potential mood to express prohibition. However, in this context, it implies 'should continue to blockade'.
राष्ट्रं (rāṣṭraṁ) - kingdom, country
(noun)
Accusative, neuter, singular of rāṣṭra
rāṣṭra - kingdom, realm, country, dominion
Root: rāj (class 2)
Note: accusative singular, object of 'upapīḍayet'
चास्या (cāsyā) - and his (the enemy's) (and his)
(indeclinable)
Note: connects to 'upapīḍayet', 'asya' is genitive, referring to the enemy.
उपपीडयेत् (upapīḍayet) - should oppress, should afflict
(verb)
3rd person , active, potential (vidhliṅ) of pīḍ
Potential
form of root 'pīḍ' with prefixes 'upa' and 'api' (implied in the sandhi), potential mood
Prefixes: upa+api
Root: pīḍ (class 1)
दूषयेच्च (dūṣayecca) - and should pollute, should contaminate
(verb)
3rd person , active, potential (vidhliṅ) of dūṣ
Potential
form of root 'dūṣ' with potential mood
Root: dūṣ (class 4)
Note: 'ca' is joined via sandhi
अस्य (asya) - of the enemy (his)
(pronoun)
Genitive, masculine, singular of tad
tad - that, it, he, she
Note: genitive singular, possessive, referring to the enemy
सततं (satataṁ) - constantly, always
(adjective)
Accusative, neuter, singular of satata
satata - constant, continuous, always
Note: accusative singular, used adverbially, meaning 'constantly'
यवस-अन्न-ओदकै-न्धनम् (yavasa-anna-odakai-ndhanam) - fodder, food, water, and fuel
(noun)
Accusative, neuter, singular of yavasa-anna-odaka-indhana
yavasa-anna-odaka-indhana - fodder, food, water, and fuel
Compound type : copulative (yavasa+anna+odaka+indhana)
- yavasa – fodder, grass for cattle
noun (neuter) - anna – food, grain
noun (neuter) - odaka – water
noun (neuter) - indhana – fuel, firewood
noun (neuter)
Note: accusative singular, object of 'dūṣayet'. 'ndhanam' is a sandhi form of 'indhana'.