मनु-स्मृतिः
manu-smṛtiḥ
-
chapter-7, verse-87
समोत्तमाधमै राजा त्वाहूतः पालयन प्रजाः ।
न निवर्तेत सङ्ग्रामात क्षात्रं धर्ममनुस्मरन ॥८७॥
न निवर्तेत सङ्ग्रामात क्षात्रं धर्ममनुस्मरन ॥८७॥
87. samottamādhamai rājā tvāhūtaḥ pālayan prajāḥ ,
na nivarteta saṅgrāmāt kṣātraṁ dharmamanusmaran.
na nivarteta saṅgrāmāt kṣātraṁ dharmamanusmaran.
87.
samottamādhamai rājā tvāhūtaḥ pālayan prajāḥ na
nivarteta saṅgrāmāt kṣātraṁ dharmamanusmaran
nivarteta saṅgrāmāt kṣātraṁ dharmamanusmaran
87.
rājā samottamādhamai tvāhūtaḥ prajāḥ pālayan
saṅgrāmāt na nivarteta kṣātraṁ dharmam anusmaran
saṅgrāmāt na nivarteta kṣātraṁ dharmam anusmaran
87.
A king, whether equal, superior, or inferior (in rank), when called to battle to protect his subjects, should not retreat, remembering his warrior's duty (kṣātra dharma).
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- समोत्तमाधमै (samottamādhamai) - regardless of rank (equal, superior, and inferior)
- राजा (rājā) - king
- त्वाहूतः (tvāhūtaḥ) - when summoned (to battle) (called by you)
- पालयन् (pālayan) - while protecting (protecting, ruling)
- प्रजाः (prajāḥ) - subjects, people
- न (na) - not
- निवर्तेत (nivarteta) - should retreat (should turn back, should retreat)
- सङ्ग्रामात् (saṅgrāmāt) - from battle, from war
- क्षात्रं (kṣātraṁ) - warrior's duty (royal, princely, warrior's)
- धर्मम् (dharmam) - duty (as a warrior) (duty, law, righteousness)
- अनुस्मरन् (anusmaran) - while remembering (remembering, reflecting)
Words meanings and morphology
समोत्तमाधमै (samottamādhamai) - regardless of rank (equal, superior, and inferior)
(adjective)
Instrumental, masculine, plural of samottamādhamai
samottamādhamai - equal, superior, and inferior
Compound of 'sama' (equal), 'uttama' (superior), and 'adhama' (inferior). The ending indicates instrumental plural.
Compound type : dvandva (sama+uttama+adhama)
- sama – equal, same, even
adjective (masculine) - uttama – best, highest, superior
adjective (masculine) - adhama – lowest, inferior, worst
adjective (masculine)
Note: Modifies 'rāja', implying 'even if the king is equal, superior, or inferior...'
राजा (rājā) - king
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan
rājan - king, ruler
त्वाहूतः (tvāhūtaḥ) - when summoned (to battle) (called by you)
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of tvāhūtaḥ
tvāhūtaḥ - called by you
Past Passive Participle
From root 'hu' (to call) with prefix 'ā-' and pronoun 'tvā'.
Prefix: ā
Root: hu (class 2)
Note: The 'tvā' here is likely not directly 'you' but a particle indicating being called, hence 'summoned'.
पालयन् (pālayan) - while protecting (protecting, ruling)
(indeclinable)
Present Participle
From root 'pāl' (to protect, rule).
Root: pāl (class 1)
Note: Functions as a gerund, describing the king's state.
प्रजाः (prajāḥ) - subjects, people
(noun)
Accusative, feminine, plural of prajā
prajā - offspring, progeny, subjects, people
Derived from root 'jan' (to be born) with prefix 'pra-'.
Prefix: pra
Root: jan (class 4)
Note: The object of 'pālayan'.
न (na) - not
(indeclinable)
निवर्तेत (nivarteta) - should retreat (should turn back, should retreat)
(verb)
3rd person , middle, optative (liṅ) of nivarteta
Atmanepada Optative 3rd Person Singular
Root vṛt (vṛt) - to turn, to exist. Prefix ni-. Optative mood, Atmanepada.
Prefix: ni
Root: vṛt (class 1)
सङ्ग्रामात् (saṅgrāmāt) - from battle, from war
(noun)
Ablative, masculine, singular of saṅgrāma
saṅgrāma - battle, war, combat, struggle
Compound of 'sam-' (together) and 'grāma' (group, army, village).
क्षात्रं (kṣātraṁ) - warrior's duty (royal, princely, warrior's)
(adjective)
Accusative, neuter, singular of kṣātra
kṣātra - royal, princely, belonging to a king or warrior
Derived from 'kṣatra' (rule, kingdom, warrior class).
Note: Modifies 'dharmam', referring to the duty associated with the warrior class.
धर्मम् (dharmam) - duty (as a warrior) (duty, law, righteousness)
(noun)
Accusative, masculine, singular of dharma
dharma - duty, law, righteousness, virtue, nature, constitution
Derived from root 'dhṛ' (to uphold, support).
Root: dhṛ (class 1)
Note: Object of 'anusmaran'.
अनुस्मरन् (anusmaran) - while remembering (remembering, reflecting)
(indeclinable)
Present Participle
Root smṛ (smṛ) - to remember. Prefix anu-.
Prefix: anu
Root: smṛ (class 2)
Note: Functions as a gerund, describing the king's state.