मनु-स्मृतिः
manu-smṛtiḥ
-
chapter-7, verse-50
पानमक्षाः स्त्रियश्चैव मृगया च यथाक्रमम ।
एतत कष्टतमं विद्यात्चतुष्कं कामजे गणे ॥५०॥
एतत कष्टतमं विद्यात्चतुष्कं कामजे गणे ॥५०॥
50. pānamakṣāḥ striyaścaiva mṛgayā ca yathākramam ,
etat kaṣṭatamaṁ vidyātcatuṣkaṁ kāmaje gaṇe.
etat kaṣṭatamaṁ vidyātcatuṣkaṁ kāmaje gaṇe.
50.
pānam akṣāḥ striyaḥ ca evaṃ mṛgayā ca yathākramam
etat kaṣṭatamaṃ vidyāt catuṣkaṃ kāmajē gaṇē
etat kaṣṭatamaṃ vidyāt catuṣkaṃ kāmajē gaṇē
50.
etat catuṣkaṃ kāmajē gaṇē yathākramam pānam
akṣāḥ striyaḥ ca mṛgayā ca kaṣṭatamaṃ vidyāt
akṣāḥ striyaḥ ca mṛgayā ca kaṣṭatamaṃ vidyāt
50.
Drinking (pānam), gambling (akṣāḥ), women (striyaḥ), and hunting (mṛgayā) in order – this quartet should be known as the most difficult in the group born of desire (kāmajē gaṇē).
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- पानम् (pānam) - drinking (drinking, intoxication, liquor)
- अक्षाः (akṣāḥ) - gambling (dice, gambling, eyes)
- स्त्रियः (striyaḥ) - women (women, females)
- च (ca) - and (and, also, even)
- एवं (evaṁ) - and (thus, so, in this way)
- मृगया (mṛgayā) - hunting (hunting, chase)
- च (ca) - and (and, also, even)
- यथाक्रमम् (yathākramam) - in order (in order, according to sequence)
- एतत् (etat) - this
- कष्टतमं (kaṣṭatamaṁ) - most difficult (most difficult, hardest)
- विद्यात् (vidyāt) - should be known (should know, may know, know)
- चतुष्कं (catuṣkaṁ) - quartet (group of four, quartet)
- कामजे (kāmajē) - born of desire
- गणे (gaṇē) - in the group
Words meanings and morphology
पानम् (pānam) - drinking (drinking, intoxication, liquor)
(noun)
Accusative, neuter, singular of pāna
pāna - drinking, beverage, intoxication, liquor
From root pī (to drink) with suffix -na.
Root: pī (class 2)
अक्षाः (akṣāḥ) - gambling (dice, gambling, eyes)
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, plural of akṣa
akṣa - dice, gambling, axle, eye, number ten
Note: Here refers to gambling, likely with dice.
स्त्रियः (striyaḥ) - women (women, females)
(noun)
Nominative, feminine, plural of strī
strī - woman, wife, female
च (ca) - and (and, also, even)
(indeclinable)
एवं (evaṁ) - and (thus, so, in this way)
(indeclinable)
मृगया (mṛgayā) - hunting (hunting, chase)
(noun)
Nominative, feminine, singular of mṛgayā
mṛgayā - hunting, chase, pursuit
From root mṛg (to hunt, to seek).
Root: mṛg (class 1)
च (ca) - and (and, also, even)
(indeclinable)
यथाक्रमम् (yathākramam) - in order (in order, according to sequence)
(indeclinable)
Compound of yathā (as) and krama (order, sequence).
Compound type : avyayibhava (yathā+krama)
- yathā – as, like, according to, in accordance with
indeclinable - krama – order, sequence, step, manner, way
noun (masculine)
From root kram (to step, to go).
Root: kram (class 1)
एतत् (etat) - this
(pronoun)
Nominative, neuter, singular of etad
etad - this, that (proximal demonstrative)
Note: Refers to the quartet.
कष्टतमं (kaṣṭatamaṁ) - most difficult (most difficult, hardest)
(adjective)
Accusative, neuter, singular of kaṣṭatama
kaṣṭatama - most difficult, extremely hard, most troublesome
Superlative form of kaṣṭa (difficult, painful, troublesome).
विद्यात् (vidyāt) - should be known (should know, may know, know)
(verb)
3rd person , singular, active, potential (liṅ) of vid
Potential mood, 3rd person singular, active voice.
Root vid (to know) + liṅ lakāra.
Root: vid (class 2)
Note: Used here in the passive sense of 'should be known' by the subject catuṣkam.
चतुष्कं (catuṣkaṁ) - quartet (group of four, quartet)
(noun)
Accusative, neuter, singular of catuṣka
catuṣka - group of four, quartet, set of four
Derived from catur (four).
Note: Refers to the four vices listed.
कामजे (kāmajē) - born of desire
(adjective)
Locative, masculine, singular of kāmaja
kāmaja - born of desire, produced by desire
Compound of kāma (desire, lust) and ja (born).
Compound type : tatpurusha (kāma+ja)
- kāma – desire, wish, longing, love, lust, pleasure
noun (masculine) - ja – born, produced, caused
indeclinable
Past Passive Participle
From root jan (to be born, produce).
Root: jan (class 4)
Note: Modifies 'gaṇē'.
गणे (gaṇē) - in the group
(noun)
Locative, masculine, singular of gaṇa
gaṇa - group, host, class, multitude, troop, army, set, ganas (attendants of Shiva)
From root gam (to go) with suffix -aṇa, or from root gan (to count, assemble).
Root: gam (class 1)