मनु-स्मृतिः
manu-smṛtiḥ
-
chapter-7, verse-143
विक्रोशन्त्यो यस्य राष्ट्राद ह्रियन्ते दस्युभिः प्रजाः ।
संपश्यतः सभृत्यस्य मृतः स न तु जीवति ॥१४३॥
संपश्यतः सभृत्यस्य मृतः स न तु जीवति ॥१४३॥
143. vikrośantyo yasya rāṣṭrād hriyante dasyubhiḥ prajāḥ ,
saṁpaśyataḥ sabhṛtyasya mṛtaḥ sa na tu jīvati.
saṁpaśyataḥ sabhṛtyasya mṛtaḥ sa na tu jīvati.
143.
vikrośantyaḥ yasya rāsṭrāt hriyante dasyubhiḥ prajāḥ
sampashyataḥ sa bhṛtyasya mṛtaḥ saḥ na tu jīvati
sampashyataḥ sa bhṛtyasya mṛtaḥ saḥ na tu jīvati
143.
yasya rāsṭrāt prajāḥ vikrośantyaḥ dasyubhiḥ hriyante
sampashyataḥ sa bhṛtyasya saḥ mṛtaḥ na tu jīvati
sampashyataḥ sa bhṛtyasya saḥ mṛtaḥ na tu jīvati
143.
If the subjects (prajāḥ) of a kingdom (rāsṭrāt) are carried away (hriyante) by robbers (dasyubhiḥ) while crying out (vikrośantyaḥ), and the ruler (yasya) sees it (sampashyataḥ) even with his servants (sabhr̥tyasya), he is dead (mr̥taḥ saḥ), not truly alive (na tu jīvati).
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- विक्रोशन्त्यः (vikrośantyaḥ) - crying out (crying out, screaming loudly)
- यस्य (yasya) - whose (king's) (whose, of whom, of which)
- रास्ट्रात् (rāsṭrāt) - from the kingdom (from the kingdom, from the country)
- ह्रियन्ते (hriyante) - are carried away (are carried away, are stolen, are abducted)
- दस्युभिः (dasyubhiḥ) - by robbers (by robbers, by thieves)
- प्रजाः (prajāḥ) - subjects (offspring, subjects, people, progeny)
- सम्पस्ह्यतः (sampashyataḥ) - sees it (looking at, observing, seeing)
- स (sa) - he (he, that)
- भृत्यस्य (bhṛtyasya) - his servants (of the servant, of the attendant)
- मृतः (mṛtaḥ) - dead (dead, deceased)
- सः (saḥ) - he (he, that)
- न (na) - not
- तु (tu) - but, truly (but, however, indeed)
- जीवति (jīvati) - truly alive (lives, is alive)
Words meanings and morphology
विक्रोशन्त्यः (vikrośantyaḥ) - crying out (crying out, screaming loudly)
(participle)
Nominative, feminine, plural of vikrośant
vikrośant - crying out, screaming, shouting loudly
Present Active Participle
From the root 'kruś' (to cry, to shout) with prefix 'vi' and present participle suffix 'śatru'.
Prefix: vi
Root: kruś (class 1)
Note: Modifies 'prajāḥ'.
यस्य (yasya) - whose (king's) (whose, of whom, of which)
(pronoun)
Genitive, masculine, singular of yad
yad - who, which, what
Note: Refers to the ruler.
रास्ट्रात् (rāsṭrāt) - from the kingdom (from the kingdom, from the country)
(noun)
Ablative, neuter, singular of rāsṭra
rāsṭra - kingdom, country, realm, territory, nation
From the root 'raṣ' (to rule) or related to 'rājan'.
Root: raṣ (class 1)
ह्रियन्ते (hriyante) - are carried away (are carried away, are stolen, are abducted)
(verb)
3rd person , plural, passive, present (laṭ) of hriyante
Passive voice
Passive form of the root 'hr' (to carry) with the third person plural present indicative ending 'ante'.
Root: hr (class 1)
दस्युभिः (dasyubhiḥ) - by robbers (by robbers, by thieves)
(noun)
Instrumental, masculine, plural of dasyu
dasyu - robber, thief, demon, enemy
प्रजाः (prajāḥ) - subjects (offspring, subjects, people, progeny)
(noun)
Nominative, feminine, plural of prajā
prajā - offspring, progeny, children, people, subjects, living beings
From the root 'jan' (to be born) with prefix 'pra'.
Prefix: pra
Root: jan (class 2)
सम्पस्ह्यतः (sampashyataḥ) - sees it (looking at, observing, seeing)
(participle)
Genitive, masculine, singular of sampashyata
sampashyata - seeing, looking at, observing
Present Active Participle
From the root 'paś' (to see) with prefix 'sam' and present participle suffix 'śatru'.
Prefix: sam
Root: paś (class 1)
Note: This participle modifies 'yasya' (the king).
स (sa) - he (he, that)
(pronoun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of saḥ
saḥ - he, that, it
Note: Refers to the king.
भृत्यस्य (bhṛtyasya) - his servants (of the servant, of the attendant)
(noun)
Genitive, masculine, singular of bhṛtya
bhṛtya - servant, attendant, employee, one who is supported
From the root 'bhṛ' (to carry, to support).
Root: bhṛ (class 1)
Note: Used here in a locative absolute construction with 'sampashyataḥ'.
मृतः (mṛtaḥ) - dead (dead, deceased)
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of mṛta
mṛta - dead, deceased, perished, destroyed
Past Passive Participle
From the root 'mṛ' (to die) with suffix 'kta'.
Root: mṛ (class 6)
Note: Describes the king.
सः (saḥ) - he (he, that)
(pronoun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of saḥ
saḥ - he, that, it
Note: Refers to the king, emphasizing the previous statement.
न (na) - not
(indeclinable)
तु (tu) - but, truly (but, however, indeed)
(indeclinable)
जीवति (jīvati) - truly alive (lives, is alive)
(verb)
3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of jīva
Thematic verb.
Root 'jīv' (to live) with the third person singular present indicative ending 'ti'.
Root: jīv (class 1)