मनु-स्मृतिः
manu-smṛtiḥ
-
chapter-7, verse-119
दशी कुलं तु भुञ्जीत विंशी पञ्च कुलानि च ।
ग्रामं ग्रामशताध्यक्षः सहस्राधिपतिः पुरम ॥११९॥
ग्रामं ग्रामशताध्यक्षः सहस्राधिपतिः पुरम ॥११९॥
119. daśī kulaṁ tu bhuñjīta viṁśī pañca kulāni ca ,
grāmaṁ grāmaśatādhyakṣaḥ sahasrādhipatiḥ puram.
grāmaṁ grāmaśatādhyakṣaḥ sahasrādhipatiḥ puram.
119.
daśī kulaṃ tu bhuñjīta viṃśī pañca kulāni ca
grāmaṃ grāmaśatādhyakṣaḥ sahasrādhipatiḥ puram
grāmaṃ grāmaśatādhyakṣaḥ sahasrādhipatiḥ puram
119.
tu daśī pañca kulāni viṃśī grāmaṃ
grāmaśatādhyakṣaḥ sahasrādhipatiḥ puram bhuñjīta
grāmaśatādhyakṣaḥ sahasrādhipatiḥ puram bhuñjīta
119.
The chief of ten villages (daśī) should manage ten households (kula), the chief of twenty villages (viṃśī) should manage five households. The chief of a hundred villages (grāmaśatādhyakṣaḥ) should manage a village (grāma), and the lord of a thousand villages (sahasrādhipatiḥ) should manage a city (pura).
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- दशी (daśī) - chief of ten villages (chief of ten)
- कुलं (kulaṁ) - households (family, household)
- तु (tu) - and (but, and, also)
- भुञ्जीत (bhuñjīta) - should manage (should eat, should enjoy, should manage)
- विंशी (viṁśī) - chief of twenty villages (chief of twenty)
- पञ्च (pañca) - five households (five)
- कुलानि (kulāni) - households (families, households)
- च (ca) - and
- ग्रामं (grāmaṁ) - a village (village)
- ग्रामशताध्यक्षः (grāmaśatādhyakṣaḥ) - the head of a hundred villages (head of a hundred villages)
- सहस्राधिपतिः (sahasrādhipatiḥ) - lord of a thousand villages (lord of a thousand)
- पुरम् (puram) - a city (city, town)
Words meanings and morphology
दशी (daśī) - chief of ten villages (chief of ten)
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of daśī
daśī - chief of ten (villages)
derived from daśan (ten)
कुलं (kulaṁ) - households (family, household)
(noun)
Accusative, neuter, singular of kula
kula - family, clan, household, a type of measure
Note: Here it refers to a unit of households, likely a group of ten in this context.
तु (tu) - and (but, and, also)
(indeclinable)
भुञ्जीत (bhuñjīta) - should manage (should eat, should enjoy, should manage)
(verb)
3rd person , active, optative (si~) of bhuja
Optative
Root √bhuja (to eat, enjoy) + Optative mood
Root: bhuja (class 1)
विंशी (viṁśī) - chief of twenty villages (chief of twenty)
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of viṃśī
viṁśī - chief of twenty (villages)
derived from viṃśati (twenty)
पञ्च (pañca) - five households (five)
(noun)
Accusative, neuter, singular of pañcan
pañcan - five
Note: Implied to modify 'households' which is represented by 'kula'.
कुलानि (kulāni) - households (families, households)
(noun)
Accusative, neuter, plural of kula
kula - family, clan, household, a type of measure
Note: In conjunction with 'pañca' (five) it means 'five households'.
च (ca) - and
(indeclinable)
ग्रामं (grāmaṁ) - a village (village)
(noun)
Accusative, masculine, singular of grāma
grāma - village
ग्रामशताध्यक्षः (grāmaśatādhyakṣaḥ) - the head of a hundred villages (head of a hundred villages)
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of grāmaśatādhyakṣa
grāmaśatādhyakṣa - head of a hundred villages
compound of grāma (village) + śata (hundred) + adhyakṣa (superintendent, chief)
Compound type : tatpurusha (grāma+śata+adhyakṣa)
- grāma – village
noun (masculine) - śata – hundred
noun (neuter) - adhyakṣa – superintendent, overseer, president, chief
noun (masculine)
prefix adhi- (over) + root √iṣ (to look, to see)
Prefix: adhi
Root: iṣ (class 2)
सहस्राधिपतिः (sahasrādhipatiḥ) - lord of a thousand villages (lord of a thousand)
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of sahasrādhipati
sahasrādhipati - lord of a thousand (villages)
compound of sahasra (thousand) + adhipati (lord, master)
Compound type : tatpurusha (sahasra+adhipati)
- sahasra – thousand
noun (neuter) - adhipati – lord, master, ruler
noun (masculine)
prefix adhi- (over) + pati (lord, master)
Prefix: adhi
पुरम् (puram) - a city (city, town)
(noun)
Accusative, neuter, singular of pura
pura - city, town, fortress