मनु-स्मृतिः
manu-smṛtiḥ
-
chapter-7, verse-40
बहवोऽविनयात्नष्टा राजानः सपरिच्छदाः ।
वनस्था अपि राज्यानि विनयात प्रतिपेदिरे ॥४०॥
वनस्था अपि राज्यानि विनयात प्रतिपेदिरे ॥४०॥
40. bahavo'vinayātnaṣṭā rājānaḥ saparicchadāḥ ,
vanasthā api rājyāni vinayāt pratipedire.
vanasthā api rājyāni vinayāt pratipedire.
40.
bahavaḥ avinayāt naṣṭā rājānaḥ saparicchadaḥ
vanasthā api rājyāni vinayāt pratipedire
vanasthā api rājyāni vinayāt pratipedire
40.
Many kings, along with their retinues, were destroyed by a lack of discipline. Even those living in the forest attained kingdoms through discipline.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- बहवः (bahavaḥ) - many (many, much)
- अविनयात् (avinayāt) - from a lack of discipline (from lack of discipline, from impoliteness)
- नष्टा (naṣṭā) - destroyed (destroyed, lost, ruined)
- राजानः (rājānaḥ) - kings
- सपरिच्छदः (saparicchadaḥ) - along with their retinues (with retinue, with attendants)
- वनस्थाः (vanasthāḥ) - those living in the forest (living in the forest, forest dwellers)
- अपि (api) - even (even, also, and)
- राज्यानि (rājyāni) - kingdoms
- विनयात् (vinayāt) - through discipline (through discipline, by politeness)
- प्रतिपेदिरे (pratipedire) - attained (attained, obtained, achieved)
Words meanings and morphology
बहवः (bahavaḥ) - many (many, much)
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, plural of bahu
bahu - much, many, abundant, great
अविनयात् (avinayāt) - from a lack of discipline (from lack of discipline, from impoliteness)
(noun)
Ablative, masculine, singular of avinaya
avinaya - lack of discipline, impoliteness, misconduct
formed with prefix 'a-' (negation) + 'vinaya' (discipline, politeness)
नष्टा (naṣṭā) - destroyed (destroyed, lost, ruined)
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, plural of naṣṭa
naṣṭa - lost, destroyed, ruined, gone
Past Passive Participle
from root 'naś' (to be lost, perish) with suffix 'kta'
Root: naś (class 4)
राजानः (rājānaḥ) - kings
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, plural of rājan
rājan - king, ruler
Root: rañj (class 1)
सपरिच्छदः (saparicchadaḥ) - along with their retinues (with retinue, with attendants)
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of saparicchada
saparicchada - accompanied by a retinue, having attendants
compound of 'sa-' (with) and 'paricchada' (retinue, attendants, furniture)
Compound type : tatpurusha (sa+paricchada)
- sa – with, together
indeclinable
prefix indicating association - paricchada – attendant, follower, retinue, accompaniment, furniture, accessories
noun (masculine)
Prefix: pari
Root: chid (class 6)
Note: Modifies 'rājānaḥ'
वनस्थाः (vanasthāḥ) - those living in the forest (living in the forest, forest dwellers)
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, plural of vanastha
vanastha - living in a forest, forest dweller
compound of 'vana' (forest) and 'stha' (standing, staying)
Compound type : tatpurusha (vana+stha)
- vana – forest, wood, jungle
noun (neuter) - stha – standing, staying, existing, being
adjective (masculine)
Past Passive Participle
from root 'sthā' (to stand, stay) with suffix 'kta'
Root: sthā (class 1)
Note: modifies 'rājānaḥ', implies 'kings who were living in the forest'
अपि (api) - even (even, also, and)
(indeclinable)
राज्यानि (rājyāni) - kingdoms
(noun)
Accusative, neuter, plural of rājya
rājya - kingdom, sovereignty, rule, dominion
from root 'rañj' (to be delighted, to rule) with suffix 'kyap'
Root: rañj (class 1)
विनयात् (vinayāt) - through discipline (through discipline, by politeness)
(noun)
Instrumental, masculine, singular of vinaya
vinaya - discipline, politeness, good conduct, training
formed with prefix 'vi-' + root 'ni' (to lead) + suffix 'a'
Prefix: vi
Root: ni (class 1)
प्रतिपेदिरे (pratipedire) - attained (attained, obtained, achieved)
(verb)
3rd person , active, perfect (li) of pratipedire
Perfect Tense
from root 'pad' (to go, fall) with prefix 'prati-' and reduplication, forming the perfect tense
Prefix: prati
Root: pad (class 1)