महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-17, verse-8

यस्यादिर्मध्यमन्तश्च सुरैरपि न गम्यते ।
कस्तस्य शक्नुयाद्वक्तुं गुणान्कार्त्स्न्येन माधव ॥८॥

8. yasyādirmadhyamantaśca surairapi na gamyate ,
kastasya śaknuyādvaktuṁ guṇānkārtsnyena mādhava.

8. yasya ādiḥ madhyam antaḥ ca suraiḥ api na gamyate
kaḥ tasya śaknuyāt vaktum guṇān kārtsnyena mādhava

8. mādhava yasya ādiḥ madhyam antaḥ ca suraiḥ api na
gamyate tasya guṇān kārtsnyena vaktum kaḥ śaknuyāt

8. O Madhava, whose beginning, middle, and end are not comprehended even by the gods, who then could possibly describe all of his qualities completely?

Words meanings summery:

• यस्य (yasya) - whose, of whom

• आदिः (ādiḥ) - beginning, origin

• मध्यम् (madhyam) - middle, center

• अन्तः (antaḥ) - end, limit, conclusion

• च (ca) - and

• सुरैः (suraiḥ) - by gods, by deities

• अपि (api) - even, also

• न (na) - not, no

• गम्यते (gamyate) - is reached, is approached, is understood, is perceived

• कः (kaḥ) - who, what

• तस्य (tasya) - his, of him

• शक्नुयात् (śaknuyāt) - would be able, should be able

• वक्तुम् (vaktum) - to speak, to tell, to describe

• गुणान् (guṇān) - qualities, attributes, virtues

• कार्त्स्न्येन (kārtsnyena) - completely, entirely, wholly

• माधव (mādhava) - O Madhava (a name for Krishna or Vishnu) (O Madhava)

Words meanings and morphology

यस्य (yasya) - whose, of whom

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what

Note: Relative pronoun, referring to the supreme being.

आदिः (ādiḥ) - beginning, origin

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ādi

ādi - beginning, start, origin, first

Root: ad (class 2)

मध्यम् (madhyam) - middle, center

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of madhya

madhya - middle, central, intermediate

अन्तः (antaḥ) - end, limit, conclusion

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of anta

anta - end, limit, conclusion, boundary

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction, connecting 'ādiḥ', 'madhyam', and 'antaḥ'.

सुरैः (suraiḥ) - by gods, by deities

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of sura

sura - god, deity

Note: Agent of the passive verb 'gamyate'.

अपि (api) - even, also

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle.

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

Note: Negation.

गम्यते (gamyate) - is reached, is approached, is understood, is perceived

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of gam

Present Passive

Present Passive form of root gam (to go)

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Refers to the beginning, middle, and end.

कः (kaḥ) - who, what

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kim

kim - who, what, which

Note: Interrogative pronoun, subject of 'śaknuyāt'.

तस्य (tasya) - his, of him

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the supreme being mentioned by 'yasya'.

शक्नुयात् (śaknuyāt) - would be able, should be able

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (liṅ) of śak

Optative Mood

Optative 3rd person singular, active voice of root śak

Root: śak (class 5)

Note: Expresses potential or possibility.

वक्तुम् (vaktum) - to speak, to tell, to describe

(indeclinable)

Infinitive

Infinitive form of root vac

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Infinitive expressing purpose or capability.

गुणान् (guṇān) - qualities, attributes, virtues

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of guṇa

guṇa - quality, attribute, virtue, strand, constituent of nature

Note: Object of 'vaktum'.

कार्त्स्न्येन (kārtsnyena) - completely, entirely, wholly

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of kārtsnya

kārtsnya - completeness, totality, entireness

Derived from kṛtsna (whole) with suffix -ya (abstract noun)

Note: Used adverbially, 'by means of completeness', hence 'completely'.

माधव (mādhava) - O Madhava (a name for Krishna or Vishnu) (O Madhava)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of mādhava

mādhava - descendant of Madhu, husband of Lakshmi, name of Krishna or Vishnu

Note: Addressed to Krishna.