महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-17, verse-18

इदं ध्यानमिदं योगमिदं ध्येयमनुत्तमम् ।
इदं जप्यमिदं ज्ञानं रहस्यमिदमुत्तमम् ।
इदं ज्ञात्वान्तकालेऽपि गच्छेद्धि परमां गतिम् ॥१८॥

18. idaṁ dhyānamidaṁ yogamidaṁ dhyeyamanuttamam ,
idaṁ japyamidaṁ jñānaṁ rahasyamidamuttamam ,
idaṁ jñātvāntakāle'pi gaccheddhi paramāṁ gatim.

18. idam dhyānam idam yogam idam dhyeyam
anuttamam idam japyām idam jñānam
rahasyam idam uttamam idam jñātvā
antakāle api gacchet hi paramām gatim

18. idam dhyānam idam yogam idam anuttamam
dhyeyam idam japyām idam jñānam
idam uttamam rahasyam idam jñātvā
antakāle api hi paramām gatim gacchet

18. This is contemplation (dhyāna), this is spiritual practice (yoga), this is the unsurpassed object of meditation. This is the sacred recitation (mantra), this is knowledge, this is the supreme secret. Having known this, one indeed attains the supreme destination even at the time of death.

Words meanings summery:

• इदम् (idam) - This text/knowledge being described. (this)

• ध्यानम् (dhyānam) - This knowledge/text is equivalent to the act of meditation (dhyāna). (meditation, contemplation)

• इदम् (idam) - This text/knowledge being described. (this)

• योगम् (yogam) - This knowledge/text is equivalent to spiritual practice (yoga). (spiritual discipline, union, spiritual practice)

• इदम् (idam) - This text/knowledge being described. (this)

• ध्येयम् (dhyeyam) - This knowledge/text is the supreme object suitable for meditation. (object of meditation, that which is to be meditated upon)

• अनुत्तमम् (anuttamam) - The object of meditation is of the highest excellence. (unsurpassed, excellent, supreme)

• इदम् (idam) - This text/knowledge being described. (this)

• जप्याम् (japyām) - This knowledge/text is the sacred recitation (mantra). (recitable text, mantra, that which is to be muttered)

• इदम् (idam) - This text/knowledge being described. (this)

• ज्ञानम् (jñānam) - This knowledge/text is true wisdom (jñāna). (knowledge, wisdom)

• रहस्यम् (rahasyam) - This knowledge/text is the secret doctrine. (secret, mystery, confidential doctrine)

• इदम् (idam) - This text/knowledge being described. (this)

• उत्तमम् (uttamam) - The secret is of the highest quality. (supreme, best, highest)

• इदम् (idam) - This knowledge which one should know. (this)

• ज्ञात्वा (jñātvā) - After understanding the true nature of 'this'. (having known, having understood)

• अन्तकाले (antakāle) - at the time of death, at the final moment

• अपि (api) - Emphasizes that this benefit is gained *even* at the critical moment of death. (even, also)

• गच्छेत् (gacchet) - Expresses the potential outcome of knowing this. (one should go, one would attain)

• हि (hi) - Confirms the certainty of attaining the supreme destination. (indeed, surely, because)

• परमाम् (paramām) - The highest possible state or destination. (supreme, highest, ultimate)

• गतिम् (gatim) - The ultimate spiritual state or liberation. (destination, state, path, course)

Words meanings and morphology

इदम् (idam) - This text/knowledge being described. (this)

(pronoun)

neuter, singular of idam

idam - this (neuter nominative/accusative singular)

Note: Predicate nominative.

ध्यानम् (dhyānam) - This knowledge/text is equivalent to the act of meditation (dhyāna). (meditation, contemplation)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of dhyāna

dhyāna - meditation, contemplation, deep thought

Action noun

From root dhyai (to meditate, think of).

Root: dhyai (class 1)

Note: Predicate nominative.

इदम् (idam) - This text/knowledge being described. (this)

(pronoun)

neuter, singular of idam

idam - this (neuter nominative/accusative singular)

Note: Predicate nominative.

योगम् (yogam) - This knowledge/text is equivalent to spiritual practice (yoga). (spiritual discipline, union, spiritual practice)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yoga

yoga - spiritual discipline, union, spiritual practice

Action noun

From root yuj (to join, to yoke).

Root: yuj (class 7)

Note: Predicate nominative, taking neuter form to agree with 'idam'.

इदम् (idam) - This text/knowledge being described. (this)

(pronoun)

neuter, singular of idam

idam - this (neuter nominative/accusative singular)

Note: Predicate nominative.

ध्येयम् (dhyeyam) - This knowledge/text is the supreme object suitable for meditation. (object of meditation, that which is to be meditated upon)

(adjective)

neuter, singular of dhyeya

dhyeya - object of meditation, that which is to be meditated upon, contemplative

Gerundive

From root dhyai (to meditate, think of).

Root: dhyai (class 1)

Note: Predicate adjective, modifying 'idam'.

अनुत्तमम् (anuttamam) - The object of meditation is of the highest excellence. (unsurpassed, excellent, supreme)

(adjective)

neuter, singular of anuttama

anuttama - unsurpassed, excellent, supreme, highest

Negative of uttama (highest, best); lit. 'than which there is no higher'. Compound of a- (negation) and uttama.

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+uttama)

• a – not, non-, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix.
• uttama – highest, best, supreme, principal
  adjective (masculine)
  Superlative of ud (up, out).

Note: Adjective modifying 'dhyeyam'.

इदम् (idam) - This text/knowledge being described. (this)

(pronoun)

neuter, singular of idam

idam - this (neuter nominative/accusative singular)

Note: Predicate nominative.

जप्याम् (japyām) - This knowledge/text is the sacred recitation (mantra). (recitable text, mantra, that which is to be muttered)

(noun)

neuter, singular of japya

japya - that which is to be recited, mantra, recitable

Gerundive

From root jap (to mutter, recite softly).

Root: jap (class 1)

Note: Predicate nominative, modifying 'idam'.

इदम् (idam) - This text/knowledge being described. (this)

(pronoun)

neuter, singular of idam

idam - this (neuter nominative/accusative singular)

Note: Predicate nominative.

ज्ञानम् (jñānam) - This knowledge/text is true wisdom (jñāna). (knowledge, wisdom)

(noun)

neuter, singular of jñāna

jñāna - knowledge, wisdom, understanding

Action noun

From root jñā (to know).

Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Predicate nominative, modifying 'idam'.

रहस्यम् (rahasyam) - This knowledge/text is the secret doctrine. (secret, mystery, confidential doctrine)

(noun)

neuter, singular of rahasya

rahasya - secret, mystery, confidential (as adjective); a secret doctrine (as noun)

From rahas (privacy, solitude).

Note: Predicate nominative, modifying 'idam'.

इदम् (idam) - This text/knowledge being described. (this)

(pronoun)

neuter, singular of idam

idam - this (neuter nominative/accusative singular)

Note: Predicate nominative.

उत्तमम् (uttamam) - The secret is of the highest quality. (supreme, best, highest)

(adjective)

neuter, singular of uttama

uttama - highest, best, supreme, principal

Superlative of ud (up, out).

Note: Adjective modifying 'rahasyam'.

इदम् (idam) - This knowledge which one should know. (this)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this (neuter nominative/accusative singular)

Note: Object of 'jñātvā'.

ज्ञात्वा (jñātvā) - After understanding the true nature of 'this'. (having known, having understood)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive / Gerund

From root jñā (to know) + -tvā pratyaya.

Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Absolutive.

अन्तकाले (antakāle) - at the time of death, at the final moment

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of antakāla

antakāla - time of death, end time

Tatpuruṣa compound: anta (end) + kāla (time).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (anta+kāla)

• anta – end, limit, death
  noun (masculine)
• kāla – time, season
  noun (masculine)

Note: Specifies the time.

अपि (api) - Emphasizes that this benefit is gained *even* at the critical moment of death. (even, also)

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic.

गच्छेत् (gacchet) - Expresses the potential outcome of knowing this. (one should go, one would attain)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of gam

Optative Active

From root gam (to go).

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Main verb of the concluding clause.

हि (hi) - Confirms the certainty of attaining the supreme destination. (indeed, surely, because)

(indeclinable)

Emphatic or causal particle.

Note: Emphatic.

परमाम् (paramām) - The highest possible state or destination. (supreme, highest, ultimate)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of parama

parama - supreme, highest, ultimate, most excellent

Superlative of para (other, further).

Note: Modifies 'gatim'.

गतिम् (gatim) - The ultimate spiritual state or liberation. (destination, state, path, course)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of gati

gati - going, motion, path, destination, state, liberation

Action noun

From root gam (to go).

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Object of 'gacchet'.