महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-17, verse-165

मृत्युः प्रोवाच रुद्राणां रुद्रेभ्यस्तण्डिमागमत् ।
महता तपसा प्राप्तस्तण्डिना ब्रह्मसद्मनि ॥१६५॥

165. mṛtyuḥ provāca rudrāṇāṁ rudrebhyastaṇḍimāgamat ,
mahatā tapasā prāptastaṇḍinā brahmasadmani.

165. mṛtyuḥ provāca rudrāṇām rudrebhyaḥ taṇḍim āgamat
mahatā tapasā prāptaḥ taṇḍinā brahmasadmani

165. Mṛtyu (Death) spoke to the Rudras. From the Rudras, it (the hymn) reached Taṇḍi. It was obtained by Taṇḍi in Brahmā's abode through great austerity (tapas).

Words meanings summery:

• मृत्युः (mṛtyuḥ) - Mṛtyu (Death) (Mṛtyu, Death)

• प्रोवाच (provāca) - spoke (spoke, said, declared)

• रुद्राणाम् (rudrāṇām) - to the Rudras (dative sense) (of the Rudras)

• रुद्रेभ्यः (rudrebhyaḥ) - from the Rudras (from the Rudras, to the Rudras)

• तण्डिम् (taṇḍim) - Taṇḍi (Taṇḍi (accusative))

• आगमत् (āgamat) - reached (him) / came (to him) (came, arrived, obtained)

• महता (mahatā) - by great (by great, by large)

• तपसा (tapasā) - by austerity (tapas) (by austerity, by penance)

• प्राप्तः (prāptaḥ) - obtained (obtained, reached, achieved)

• तण्डिना (taṇḍinā) - by Taṇḍi

• ब्रह्मसद्मनि (brahmasadmani) - in Brahmā's abode

Words meanings and morphology

मृत्युः (mṛtyuḥ) - Mṛtyu (Death) (Mṛtyu, Death)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mṛtyu

mṛtyu - death, personified as a deity

Root: mṛ (class 6)

प्रोवाच (provāca) - spoke (spoke, said, declared)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect tense

Perfect tense of root vac with prefix pra.

Prefix: pra

Root: vac (class 2)

रुद्राणाम् (rudrāṇām) - to the Rudras (dative sense) (of the Rudras)

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of rudra

rudra - Rudra (a group of deities, fierce aspects of Shiva)

Note: Here functions with dative meaning due to context with `provāca`.

रुद्रेभ्यः (rudrebhyaḥ) - from the Rudras (from the Rudras, to the Rudras)

(proper noun)

Ablative, masculine, plural of rudra

rudra - Rudra (a group of deities, fierce aspects of Shiva)

Note: Could also be dative plural, but ablative is more fitting with `āgamat` (came from).

तण्डिम् (taṇḍim) - Taṇḍi (Taṇḍi (accusative))

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of taṇḍi

taṇḍi - Taṇḍi (a sage)

Note: Refers to the hymn reaching Taṇḍi.

आगमत् (āgamat) - reached (him) / came (to him) (came, arrived, obtained)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of gam

Imperfect tense

Imperfect tense of root gam with prefix ā.

Prefix: ā

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: The hymn is the implied subject.

महता (mahatā) - by great (by great, by large)

(adjective)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of mahat

mahat - great, large, mighty

Note: Modifies `tapasā`.

तपसा (tapasā) - by austerity (tapas) (by austerity, by penance)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of tapas

tapas - heat, penance, austerity, spiritual fervor

Root: tap (class 1)

प्राप्तः (prāptaḥ) - obtained (obtained, reached, achieved)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of prāpta

prāpta - obtained, reached, achieved

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root āp (to obtain) with prefix pra, and suffix -ta.

Prefix: pra

Root: āp (class 5)

Note: Implied subject is 'hymn' (masculine).

तण्डिना (taṇḍinā) - by Taṇḍi

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of taṇḍi

taṇḍi - Taṇḍi (a sage)

Note: Agent of `prāptaḥ`.

ब्रह्मसद्मनि (brahmasadmani) - in Brahmā's abode

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of brahmasadman

brahmasadman - abode of Brahmā

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (brahman+sadman)

• brahman – Brahmā (the creator god)
  proper noun (masculine)
• sadman – abode, dwelling, house
  noun (neuter)
  Root: sad (class 1)