महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-17, verse-10

अप्राप्येह ततोऽनुज्ञां न शक्यः स्तोतुमीश्वरः ।
यदा तेनाभ्यनुज्ञातः स्तुवत्येव सदा भवम् ॥१०॥

10. aprāpyeha tato'nujñāṁ na śakyaḥ stotumīśvaraḥ ,
yadā tenābhyanujñātaḥ stuvatyeva sadā bhavam.

10. aprāpya iha tataḥ anujñām na śakyaḥ stotum īśvaraḥ
yadā tena abhyanujñātaḥ stuvati eva sadā bhavam

10. iha tataḥ anujñām aprāpya īśvaraḥ stotum na śakyaḥ
yadā tena abhyanujñātaḥ sadā bhavam eva stuvati

10. Without first obtaining his permission here, it is not possible to praise the Lord (īśvara). When one has indeed been permitted by him, then one can always praise Bhava (Shiva).

Words meanings summery:

• अप्राप्य (aprāpya) - without obtaining, not having attained

• इह (iha) - here, in this world, in this case

• ततः (tataḥ) - from him (the Lord) (from that, then, therefore, from him)

• अनुज्ञाम् (anujñām) - permission, sanction, leave

• न (na) - not, no

• शक्यः (śakyaḥ) - possible, capable, able

• स्तोतुम् (stotum) - to praise, to eulogize

• ईश्वरः (īśvaraḥ) - the Lord (a name of Shiva) (the Lord, the master, ruler)

• यदा (yadā) - when

• तेन (tena) - by the Lord (by him, by that)

• अभ्यनुज्ञातः (abhyanujñātaḥ) - permitted, sanctioned, assented to

• स्तुवति (stuvati) - praises, eulogizes

• एव (eva) - indeed, certainly, only

• सदा (sadā) - always, ever

• भवम् (bhavam) - Bhava (name of Shiva) (Bhava (a name of Shiva), existence, being)

Words meanings and morphology

अप्राप्य (aprāpya) - without obtaining, not having attained

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Indeclinable participle (absolutive/gerund) formed from a- + pra- + āp (to obtain), with suffix -ya (after upasarga). Negative particle 'a' prepended.

Compound type : tatpurusha (a+prāpya)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix
• prāpya – having obtained, attainable
  indeclinable
  Absolutive (Gerund)
  Formed from pra- + āp with suffix -ya
  Prefix: pra
  Root: āp (class 5)

Note: Expresses an action preceding the main verb, implying 'without having done X'.

इह (iha) - here, in this world, in this case

(indeclinable)

Note: Refers to 'in this world' or 'in this context'.

ततः (tataḥ) - from him (the Lord) (from that, then, therefore, from him)

(indeclinable)

Ablative adverb from tad

Note: Here, implies 'from him' (the Lord).

अनुज्ञाम् (anujñām) - permission, sanction, leave

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of anujñā

anujñā - permission, sanction, leave, assent

Derived from anu- + jñā (to know, perceive)

Prefix: anu

Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Object of 'aprāpya'.

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

Note: Negation.

शक्यः (śakyaḥ) - possible, capable, able

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śakya

śakya - possible, capable, practicable

Gerundive

Derived from root śak (to be able) with suffix -ya (kṛtya pratyaya)

Root: śak (class 5)

Note: Agrees with 'īśvaraḥ' (the implied subject of 'stotum' in a passive sense).

स्तोतुम् (stotum) - to praise, to eulogize

(indeclinable)

Infinitive

Infinitive form of root stu

Root: stu (class 2)

Note: Infinitive expressing purpose or capability.

ईश्वरः (īśvaraḥ) - the Lord (a name of Shiva) (the Lord, the master, ruler)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of īśvara

īśvara - lord, master, ruler, controller, supreme being (often Shiva)

Derived from īś (to be master)

Root: īś (class 2)

Note: Subject of 'śakyaḥ' (when paraphrased actively: 'it is not possible for one to praise the Lord').

यदा (yadā) - when

(indeclinable)

Note: Temporal adverb.

तेन (tena) - by the Lord (by him, by that)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Agent in the passive construction ('abhyanujñātaḥ'). Refers to the Lord.

अभ्यनुज्ञातः (abhyanujñātaḥ) - permitted, sanctioned, assented to

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of abhyanujñāta

abhyanujñāta - permitted, sanctioned, assented to, authorized

Past Passive Participle

Derived from abhi- + anu- + jñā (to know, permit) with past passive participle suffix -ta

Prefixes: abhi+anu

Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Qualifies the implied subject of 'stuvati' (the one who praises).

स्तुवति (stuvati) - praises, eulogizes

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of stu

Present Active

Present tense, 3rd person singular, active voice of root stu

Root: stu (class 2)

Note: Implied subject is 'one'.

एव (eva) - indeed, certainly, only

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle.

सदा (sadā) - always, ever

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverb of time.

भवम् (bhavam) - Bhava (name of Shiva) (Bhava (a name of Shiva), existence, being)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of bhava

bhava - existence, being, birth, world, name of Shiva

Derived from root bhū (to be, become)

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Object of 'stuvati'.