महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-17, verse-154

एतद्धि परमं ब्रह्म स्वयं गीतं स्वयंभुवा ।
ऋषयश्चैव देवाश्च स्तुवन्त्येतेन तत्परम् ॥१५४॥

154. etaddhi paramaṁ brahma svayaṁ gītaṁ svayaṁbhuvā ,
ṛṣayaścaiva devāśca stuvantyetena tatparam.

154. etat hi paramam brahma svayam gītam svayambhuvā
ṛṣayaḥ ca eva devāḥ ca stuvanti etena tat param

154. etat hi paramam brahma svayambhuvā svayam gītam
ṛṣayaḥ ca eva devāḥ ca etena tat param stuvanti

154. This, indeed, is the supreme reality (brahman) that was proclaimed by Svayambhū (Brahmā) himself. And with this, both the sages and the deities praise that ultimate (being).

Words meanings summery:

• एतत् (etat) - Refers to the 'supreme (brahman)' being described. (this)

• हि (hi) - Emphasizes the statement. (indeed, surely, because)

• परमम् (paramam) - Qualifies (brahman) as the ultimate reality. (supreme, highest, excellent)

• ब्रह्म (brahma) - Refers to the supreme (brahman) as the ultimate reality. ((brahman), the ultimate reality, sacred word)

• स्वयम् (svayam) - Emphasizes that Svayambhū himself proclaimed it. (by oneself, spontaneously)

• गीतम् (gītam) - Refers to the act of Svayambhū proclaiming the (brahman). (sung, proclaimed, chanted)

• स्वयम्भुवा (svayambhuvā) - The creator god Brahmā, who is self-born. (by Svayambhū (Brahmā))

• ऋषयः (ṛṣayaḥ) - sages

• च (ca) - and, also

• एव (eva) - only, just, indeed

• देवाः (devāḥ) - gods, deities

• च (ca) - and, also

• स्तुवन्ति (stuvanti) - they praise

• एतेन (etena) - Refers to the teaching/text containing the 'supreme (brahman)' that was proclaimed. (with this, by this)

• तत् (tat) - Refers to the ultimate (being/reality). (that)

• परम् (param) - Refers to the ultimate (being/reality). (supreme, highest, ultimate)

Words meanings and morphology

एतत् (etat) - Refers to the 'supreme (brahman)' being described. (this)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of etad

etad - this, that

Demonstrative pronoun

हि (hi) - Emphasizes the statement. (indeed, surely, because)

(indeclinable)

Particle

परमम् (paramam) - Qualifies (brahman) as the ultimate reality. (supreme, highest, excellent)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of parama

parama - supreme, highest, ultimate, most excellent

From para (beyond, ultimate) + ma (superlative suffix).

Note: Agrees with 'brahma'.

ब्रह्म (brahma) - Refers to the supreme (brahman) as the ultimate reality. ((brahman), the ultimate reality, sacred word)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of brahman

brahman - (brahman) (the ultimate reality), sacred utterance, the creator god Brahmā

Root: bṛh (class 1)

Note: Subject of the sentence.

स्वयम् (svayam) - Emphasizes that Svayambhū himself proclaimed it. (by oneself, spontaneously)

(indeclinable)

Reflexive pronoun in adverbial function

गीतम् (gītam) - Refers to the act of Svayambhū proclaiming the (brahman). (sung, proclaimed, chanted)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of gīta

gīta - sung, chanted, proclaimed, celebrated

Past Passive Participle

From root √gai (to sing, chant) + kta (P.P.P. suffix)

Root: gai (class 1)

स्वयम्भुवा (svayambhuvā) - The creator god Brahmā, who is self-born. (by Svayambhū (Brahmā))

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of svayambhū

svayambhū - self-existent, self-born, an epithet of Brahmā, Viṣṇu, Śiva

Compound of svayam (self) and bhū (being/born).

Compound type : bahuvrihi (svayam+bhū)

• svayam – self, by oneself
  indeclinable
• bhū – being, existence, earth
  noun (masculine)
  From root √bhū (to be, exist)
  Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Agent of the passive verb 'gītam'.

ऋषयः (ṛṣayaḥ) - sages

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of ṛṣi

ṛṣi - sage, seer, inspired poet

Root: ṛṣ (class 1)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Conjunction

एव (eva) - only, just, indeed

(indeclinable)

Emphatic particle

देवाः (devāḥ) - gods, deities

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of deva

deva - god, deity, divine

Root: div (class 4)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Conjunction

स्तुवन्ति (stuvanti) - they praise

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present indicative (laṭ) of stu

From root √stu (class 2, parasmaipada)

Root: stu (class 2)

एतेन (etena) - Refers to the teaching/text containing the 'supreme (brahman)' that was proclaimed. (with this, by this)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of etad

etad - this, that

Demonstrative pronoun

तत् (tat) - Refers to the ultimate (being/reality). (that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, him, it

Demonstrative pronoun

Note: Object of 'stuvanti'.

परम् (param) - Refers to the ultimate (being/reality). (supreme, highest, ultimate)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of parama

parama - supreme, highest, ultimate, most excellent

From para (beyond, ultimate) + ma (superlative suffix).