महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-24, verse-39

तपोविशेषैर्बहुभिर्योगं यो वेद चात्मनः ।
यः सांख्यमात्मनो वेद यस्य चात्मा वशे सदा ॥३९॥

39. tapoviśeṣairbahubhiryogaṁ yo veda cātmanaḥ ,
yaḥ sāṁkhyamātmano veda yasya cātmā vaśe sadā.

39. tapoviśeṣaiḥ bahubhiḥ yogam yaḥ veda ca ātmanaḥ
yaḥ sāṅkhyam ātmanaḥ veda yasya ca ātmā vaśe sadā

39. yaḥ bahubhiḥ tapoviśeṣaiḥ ātmanaḥ yogam ca veda;
yaḥ ātmanaḥ sāṅkhyam veda; ca yasya ātmā sadā vaśe

39. He who knows the practice (yoga) of his own being (ātman) through many special austerities (tapas), and he who knows the Sāṅkhya philosophy of his own being (ātman), and whose self (ātman) is always under his control.

Words meanings summery:

• तपोविशेषैः (tapoviśeṣaiḥ) - by special austerities, by particular kinds of penance

• बहुभिः (bahubhiḥ) - by many

• योगम् (yogam) - union, spiritual discipline (yoga), practice

• यः (yaḥ) - who, he who

• वेद (veda) - knows, understands

• च (ca) - and, also

• आत्मनः (ātmanaḥ) - of the self, of one's own being

• यः (yaḥ) - who, he who

• साङ्ख्यम् (sāṅkhyam) - Sāṅkhya philosophy, enumeration, discrimination

• आत्मनः (ātmanaḥ) - of the self, of one's own being

• वेद (veda) - knows, understands

• यस्य (yasya) - whose, of whom

• च (ca) - and, also

• आत्मा (ātmā) - the self, the soul, the individual being

• वशे (vaśe) - in control, under command, subject to

• सदा (sadā) - always, ever, perpetually

Words meanings and morphology

तपोविशेषैः (tapoviśeṣaiḥ) - by special austerities, by particular kinds of penance

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of tapoviśeṣa

tapoviśeṣa - special austerity, particular kind of penance

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (tapas+viśeṣa)

• tapas – penance, austerity, spiritual discipline, heat
  noun (neuter)
• viśeṣa – distinction, specific, special kind, particularity
  noun (masculine)

बहुभिः (bahubhiḥ) - by many

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of bahu

bahu - many, much, abundant

योगम् (yogam) - union, spiritual discipline (yoga), practice

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of yoga

yoga - union, spiritual discipline, practice, connection, effort

यः (yaḥ) - who, he who

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what, that

वेद (veda) - knows, understands

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (lat) of vid

Root: vid (class 2)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

आत्मनः (ātmanaḥ) - of the self, of one's own being

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of ātman

ātman - self, soul, spirit, essence

यः (yaḥ) - who, he who

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what, that

साङ्ख्यम् (sāṅkhyam) - Sāṅkhya philosophy, enumeration, discrimination

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of sāṅkhya

sāṅkhya - Sāṅkhya philosophy, enumeration, calculation, discrimination, reason

आत्मनः (ātmanaḥ) - of the self, of one's own being

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of ātman

ātman - self, soul, spirit, essence

वेद (veda) - knows, understands

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (lat) of vid

Root: vid (class 2)

यस्य (yasya) - whose, of whom

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of yad

yad - whose, of whom, of which

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

आत्मा (ātmā) - the self, the soul, the individual being

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ātman

ātman - self, soul, spirit, essence

वशे (vaśe) - in control, under command, subject to

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of vaśa

vaśa - will, control, power, authority

सदा (sadā) - always, ever, perpetually

(indeclinable)