महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-24, verse-107

ब्रह्मोवाच ।
नात्र किंचिन्मृषा वाक्यं यदुक्तं वो दिवौकसः ।
संयच्छामि हयानेष युध्यतो वै कपर्दिनः ॥१०७॥

107. brahmovāca ,
nātra kiṁcinmṛṣā vākyaṁ yaduktaṁ vo divaukasaḥ ,
saṁyacchāmi hayāneṣa yudhyato vai kapardinaḥ.

107. brahmā uvāca na atra kiñcit mṛṣā vākyam yat uktam vaḥ
divaukasaḥ samyacchāmi hayān eṣa yudhyataḥ vai kapardinaḥ

107. brahmā uvāca he divaukasaḥ atra vaḥ yat vākyam uktam kiñcit
mṛṣā na eṣa yudhyataḥ kapardinaḥ hayān vai samyacchāmi

107. Brahmā said: 'O dwellers of heaven, there is nothing false in what you have said. Indeed, I shall control the horses for this Kapardin (Śiva) as he fights.'

Words meanings summery:

• ब्रह्मा (brahmā) - The creator god, Brahmā (puruṣa) (Brahmā (nominative))

• उवाच (uvāca) - he said, spoke

• न (na) - not, no

• अत्र (atra) - here, in this matter, in this connection

• किञ्चित् (kiñcit) - 'nothing' (when combined with 'na') (something, anything (neuter nominative/accusative))

• मृषा (mṛṣā) - false, untrue, in vain

• वाक्यम् (vākyam) - word, speech, statement (neuter nominative/accusative)

• यत् (yat) - what, which (neuter nominative/accusative)

• उक्तम् (uktam) - spoken, said (neuter nominative)

• वः (vaḥ) - 'by you' in the context of 'uktam' (said). (to you, for you, of you (dative/genitive plural))

• दिवौकसः (divaukasaḥ) - Refers to the gods. (O dwellers of heaven! (vocative plural))

• सम्यच्छामि (samyacchāmi) - I will control, I restrain

• हयान् (hayān) - horses (accusative plural)

• एष (eṣa) - Refers to Kapardin (Śiva). (this (masculine nominative singular))

• युध्यतः (yudhyataḥ) - Refers to Kapardin (Śiva) as he is fighting. (fighting, engaged in battle (genitive singular))

• वै (vai) - indeed, certainly (emphatic particle)

• कपर्दिनः (kapardinaḥ) - Refers to Śiva, known for his matted hair. (of Kapardin (Śiva) (genitive singular))

Words meanings and morphology

ब्रह्मा (brahmā) - The creator god, Brahmā (puruṣa) (Brahmā (nominative))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of brahman

brahman - Brahmā (the creator god), sacred word, absolute reality (brahman)

The masculine form 'Brahmā' (nominative singular) for the deity.

Root: bṛh

Note: The capitalized 'Brahmā' in English translation helps distinguish from neuter 'brahman'.

उवाच (uvāca) - he said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect tense, 3rd person singular.

Irregular perfect form of root 'vac'.

Root: vac (class 2)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

अत्र (atra) - here, in this matter, in this connection

(indeclinable)

From pronoun 'idam' + suffix 'tra'.

किञ्चित् (kiñcit) - 'nothing' (when combined with 'na') (something, anything (neuter nominative/accusative))

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kiñcid

kiñcid - something, anything, a little

From 'kim' + 'cid'.

Note: Also functions as an indefinite adjective/adverb.

मृषा (mṛṣā) - false, untrue, in vain

(indeclinable)

Root: mṛṣ

Note: Used here adjectivally with 'vākyam'.

वाक्यम् (vākyam) - word, speech, statement (neuter nominative/accusative)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of vākya

vākya - speech, sentence, statement, word

From root 'vac' (to speak) + 'ya' suffix.

Root: vac

यत् (yat) - what, which (neuter nominative/accusative)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yad

yad - which, what, that (relative pronoun)

Relative pronoun stem.

उक्तम् (uktam) - spoken, said (neuter nominative)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of ukta

vac - to speak, to say

Past Passive Participle

From root 'vac' (to speak) + 'ta' suffix. 'vac' becomes 'uk' for PPP.

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Functions here as an adjective modifying 'vākyam'.

वः (vaḥ) - 'by you' in the context of 'uktam' (said). (to you, for you, of you (dative/genitive plural))

(pronoun)

Dative, plural of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you (plural)

From 'yuṣmad' pronoun, dative/genitive plural.

Note: Can function as dative, genitive, or instrumental. Context implies 'by you' (agent of 'uktam').

दिवौकसः (divaukasaḥ) - Refers to the gods. (O dwellers of heaven! (vocative plural))

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, plural of divaukas

divaukas - dweller of heaven, god, deity

Compound of 'div' (heaven) + 'okas' (dwelling).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (div+okas)

• div – heaven, sky, day
  noun (feminine)
• okas – dwelling, abode, house
  noun (neuter)

सम्यच्छामि (samyacchāmi) - I will control, I restrain

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of samyam

Present tense, 1st person singular.

With prefix 'sam'. Root 'yam' becomes 'yaccha' in present stem.

Prefix: sam

Root: yam (class 1)

हयान् (hayān) - horses (accusative plural)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of haya

haya - horse

From root 'hi' (to go, to move).

Root: hi

एष (eṣa) - Refers to Kapardin (Śiva). (this (masculine nominative singular))

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of etad

etad - this, this one

Demonstrative pronoun stem.

युध्यतः (yudhyataḥ) - Refers to Kapardin (Śiva) as he is fighting. (fighting, engaged in battle (genitive singular))

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of yudhyat

yudh - to fight, to make war

Present Active Participle

Derived from root 'yudh' with 'śatṛ' suffix for active participle.

Root: yudh (class 4)

Note: Acts as a nominalized participle or adjective.

वै (vai) - indeed, certainly (emphatic particle)

(indeclinable)

कपर्दिनः (kapardinaḥ) - Refers to Śiva, known for his matted hair. (of Kapardin (Śiva) (genitive singular))

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of kapardin

kapardin - having matted hair, wearing a cowrie-shell, an epithet of Śiva

From 'kaparda' (matted hair, cowrie shell) + 'in' suffix (possessing).