महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-24, verse-31

ते देवाः सहिताः सर्वे पितामहमरिंदम ।
अभिजग्मुस्तदाख्यातुं विप्रकारं सुरेतरैः ॥३१॥

31. te devāḥ sahitāḥ sarve pitāmahamariṁdama ,
abhijagmustadākhyātuṁ viprakāraṁ suretaraiḥ.

31. te devāḥ sahitāḥ sarve pitāmaham ariṁdama
abhijagmuḥ tadā ākhyātum viprakāram suretaraiḥ

31. te sahitāḥ sarve devāḥ tadā pitāmaham abhijagmuḥ
suretaraiḥ viprakāram ākhyātum ariṁdama

31. Then, all those assembled gods approached the grandfather (Brahma), O vanquisher of foes, in order to relate the harm inflicted upon them by the demons (suretara).

Words meanings summery:

• ते (te) - those, they

• देवाः (devāḥ) - gods

• सहिताः (sahitāḥ) - assembled, joined, united

• सर्वे (sarve) - all, every, whole

• पितामहम् (pitāmaham) - Referring to Brahma, the creator god. (to the grandfather, to Brahma)

• अरिंदम (ariṁdama) - A vocative address to the listener, not Brahma. (O vanquisher of foes, O suppressor of enemies)

• अभिजग्मुः (abhijagmuḥ) - they approached

• तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

• आख्यातुम् (ākhyātum) - to relate, to tell, to describe

• विप्रकारम् (viprakāram) - maltreatment, injury, harm, insult

• सुरेतरैः (suretaraiḥ) - Refers to the demons who caused the maltreatment. (by the non-gods, by the demons (suretara))

Words meanings and morphology

ते (te) - those, they

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

देवाः (devāḥ) - gods

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of deva

deva - god, deity, divine being

Note: Subject of 'abhijagmuḥ'.

सहिताः (sahitāḥ) - assembled, joined, united

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sahita

sahita - accompanied, together, assembled, united

Past Passive Participle

Derived from prefix sa- (or saha-) and root √dhā 'to place', but commonly used as an adjective 'accompanied'.

सर्वे (sarve) - all, every, whole

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole, complete

पितामहम् (pitāmaham) - Referring to Brahma, the creator god. (to the grandfather, to Brahma)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of pitāmaha

pitāmaha - paternal grandfather, Brahma

Note: Direct object of 'abhijagmuḥ'.

अरिंदम (ariṁdama) - A vocative address to the listener, not Brahma. (O vanquisher of foes, O suppressor of enemies)

(adjective)

Vocative, masculine, singular of ariṁdama

ariṁdama - vanquisher of foes, suppressor of enemies

Compound 'ari' (enemy) + 'dama' (subduer).

Compound type : tatpurusha (ari+dama)

• ari – enemy, foe
  noun (masculine)
• dama – subduer, tamer, controlling
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root √dam 'to tame, subdue'.
  Root: √dam (class 1)

अभिजग्मुः (abhijagmuḥ) - they approached

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past perfect (lit) of √gam

perfect tense, 3rd person plural

Root √gam (class 1P) with prefix abhi-, perfect tense form.

Prefix: abhi

Root: √gam (class 1)

तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

(indeclinable)

आख्यातुम् (ākhyātum) - to relate, to tell, to describe

(indeclinable)

infinitive

Derived from root √khyā (class 2P) with prefix ā-, infinitive form.

Prefix: ā

Root: √khyā (class 2)

विप्रकारम् (viprakāram) - maltreatment, injury, harm, insult

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of viprakāra

viprakāra - insult, injury, opposition, offence, maltreatment

Compound type : tatpurusha (vi+prakāra)

• vi – apart, asunder, badly
  indeclinable
• prakāra – manner, kind, type
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root √kṛ 'to do' with prefix pra-.
  Prefix: pra
  Root: √kṛ (class 8)

Note: Object of the infinitive 'ākhyātum'.

सुरेतरैः (suretaraiḥ) - Refers to the demons who caused the maltreatment. (by the non-gods, by the demons (suretara))

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of suretara

suretara - other than a god, a non-god, a demon

Compound type : tatpurusha (sura+itara)

• sura – god, deity
  noun (masculine)
• itara – other, different, inferior
  adjective (masculine)

Note: Agent of the action implied by 'viprakāram'.