महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-24, verse-106

इति ते शिरसा नत्वा त्रिलोकेशं पितामहम् ।
देवाः प्रसादयामासुः सारथ्यायेति नः श्रुतम् ॥१०६॥

106. iti te śirasā natvā trilokeśaṁ pitāmaham ,
devāḥ prasādayāmāsuḥ sārathyāyeti naḥ śrutam.

106. iti te śirasā natvā trilokeśam pitāmaham devāḥ
prasādayām āsuḥ sārathyāya iti naḥ śrutam

106. iti te devāḥ śirasā trilokeśam pitāmaham natvā
sārathyāya prasādayām āsuḥ iti naḥ śrutam

106. Thus, bowing their heads to that Grandfather (Brahmā), the Lord of the three worlds, the gods propitiated him for the role of charioteer; so we have heard.

Words meanings summery:

• इति (iti) - thus, so, in this way (quotation particle)

• ते (te) - Refers to the gods. Implies the agent 'by them' for 'bowing'. (by them (instrumental plural))

• शिरसा (śirasā) - with the head (instrumental)

• नत्वा (natvā) - having bowed, having saluted

• त्रिलोकेशम् (trilokeśam) - Refers to Brahmā. (the Lord of the three worlds (accusative))

• पितामहम् (pitāmaham) - Refers specifically to Brahmā. (the Grandfather (accusative))

• देवाः (devāḥ) - the gods (nominative plural)

• प्रसादयाम् (prasādayām) - causing to be gracious, propitiating (part of periphrastic perfect)

• आसुः (āsuḥ) - they were (auxiliary verb)

• सारथ्याय (sārathyāya) - for charioteering, for the role of a charioteer (dative)

• इति (iti) - Marks the end of a reported statement or thought, specifically 'so we have heard.' (thus, so (quotation particle))

• नः (naḥ) - 'by us' or 'to us' -> 'we have heard' (implicitly from us/to us). Here, 'by us' (plural, instrumental). (to us, for us (dative/genitive), by us (instrumental))

• श्रुतम् (śrutam) - 'it is heard,' implying 'we have heard.' (heard (neuter nominative singular, or past passive participle))

Words meanings and morphology

इति (iti) - thus, so, in this way (quotation particle)

(indeclinable)

ते (te) - Refers to the gods. Implies the agent 'by them' for 'bowing'. (by them (instrumental plural))

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

From 'tad' pronoun, instrumental plural.

Note: Often used as an enclitic particle in the sense of 'by them' or 'to them'.

शिरसा (śirasā) - with the head (instrumental)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of śiras

śiras - head

नत्वा (natvā) - having bowed, having saluted

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund).

Root 'nam' + suffix 'tvā'.

Root: nam (class 1)

त्रिलोकेशम् (trilokeśam) - Refers to Brahmā. (the Lord of the three worlds (accusative))

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of trilokeśa

trilokeśa - lord of the three worlds

Compound noun.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (triloka+īśa)

• tri – three
  numeral
• loka – world, realm
  noun (masculine)
• īśa – lord, master, ruler
  noun (masculine)

पितामहम् (pitāmaham) - Refers specifically to Brahmā. (the Grandfather (accusative))

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of pitāmaha

pitāmaha - paternal grandfather, Brahmā (as the great ancestor of all beings)

Compound of 'pitā' (father) + 'maha' (great).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (pitā+maha)

• pitā – father
  noun (masculine)
• maha – great, large, illustrious
  adjective (masculine)

देवाः (devāḥ) - the gods (nominative plural)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of deva

deva - god, deity, divine being

From root 'div' (to shine).

Root: div (class 4)

प्रसादयाम् (prasādayām) - causing to be gracious, propitiating (part of periphrastic perfect)

(verb)

active

Periphrastic perfect stem, formed by causative of 'pra-sad' + 'ām'.

Causative root 'sād' from 'sad' + 'ām' suffix.

Prefix: pra

Root: sad (class 1)

Note: This is an 'ām'-affixed verbal noun, used to form the periphrastic perfect.

आसुः (āsuḥ) - they were (auxiliary verb)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (lit) of as

Perfect tense, 3rd person plural.

Perfect form of root 'as'. Used as an auxiliary verb for periphrastic perfect construction.

Root: as (class 2)

सारथ्याय (sārathyāya) - for charioteering, for the role of a charioteer (dative)

(noun)

Dative, neuter, singular of sārathya

sārathya - the office/duty of a charioteer, charioteering

Derived from 'sārathi' (charioteer) + 'ya' suffix.

इति (iti) - Marks the end of a reported statement or thought, specifically 'so we have heard.' (thus, so (quotation particle))

(indeclinable)

नः (naḥ) - 'by us' or 'to us' -> 'we have heard' (implicitly from us/to us). Here, 'by us' (plural, instrumental). (to us, for us (dative/genitive), by us (instrumental))

(pronoun)

Dative, plural of asmad

asmad - I, we

From 'asmad' pronoun, dative/genitive plural. Can also be instrumental plural.

Note: Though commonly dative/genitive, with 'śrutam' (heard), it can imply agent 'by us'.

श्रुतम् (śrutam) - 'it is heard,' implying 'we have heard.' (heard (neuter nominative singular, or past passive participle))

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of śru

śru - to hear, to listen

Past Passive Participle

Root 'śru' + 'ta' suffix.

Root: śru (class 5)

Note: Acts like a verbal noun here.