महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-164, verse-78

तं वै विंशतिसाहस्राः पाञ्चालानां नरर्षभाः ।
तथा चरन्तं संग्रामे सर्वतो व्यकिरञ्शरैः ॥७८॥

78. taṁ vai viṁśatisāhasrāḥ pāñcālānāṁ nararṣabhāḥ ,
tathā carantaṁ saṁgrāme sarvato vyakirañśaraiḥ.

78. tam vai viṃśatisāhasrāḥ pāñcālānām nararṣabhāḥ
tathā carantam saṃgrāme sarvataḥ vyakiran śaraiḥ

78. tam vai pāñcālānām viṃśatisāhasrāḥ nararṣabhāḥ
tathā saṃgrāme carantam sarvataḥ śaraiḥ vyakiran

78. Indeed, twenty thousand foremost men of the Panchalas, while he was thus fighting in the battle, showered him with arrows from all sides.

Words meanings summery:

• तम् (tam) - him

• वै (vai) - indeed, certainly, surely

• विंशतिसाहस्राः (viṁśatisāhasrāḥ) - twenty thousand

• पाञ्चालानाम् (pāñcālānām) - of the Panchalas

• नरर्षभाः (nararṣabhāḥ) - bulls among men, foremost of men, excellent men

• तथा (tathā) - thus, in that manner, so

• चरन्तम् (carantam) - moving, fighting, acting

• संग्रामे (saṁgrāme) - in battle, in combat

• सर्वतः (sarvataḥ) - from all sides, everywhere

• व्यकिरन् (vyakiran) - they scattered, they covered, they showered

• शरैः (śaraiḥ) - with arrows

Words meanings and morphology

तम् (tam) - him

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to Drona.

वै (vai) - indeed, certainly, surely

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle.

विंशतिसाहस्राः (viṁśatisāhasrāḥ) - twenty thousand

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of viṃśatisāhasra

viṁśatisāhasra - twenty thousand

Compound type : karmadhāraya (viṃśati+sāhasra)

• viṃśati – twenty
  noun (feminine)
  cardinal number
• sāhasra – consisting of a thousand, thousand-fold
  adjective
  derived from sahasra (thousand) with -a suffix

पाञ्चालानाम् (pāñcālānām) - of the Panchalas

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of pāñcāla

pāñcāla - a native of Pañcāla, a Panchala

नरर्षभाः (nararṣabhāḥ) - bulls among men, foremost of men, excellent men

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of nararṣabha

nararṣabha - bull among men, best of men, chief of men

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nara+ṛṣabha)

• nara – man, person
  noun (masculine)
• ṛṣabha – bull, chief, excellent one
  noun (masculine)

तथा (tathā) - thus, in that manner, so

(indeclinable)

चरन्तम् (carantam) - moving, fighting, acting

(participle)

Accusative, masculine, singular of carat

carat - moving, walking, active

Present Active Participle

Root: car (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'him' (tam).

संग्रामे (saṁgrāme) - in battle, in combat

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of saṃgrāma

saṁgrāma - battle, war, combat

सर्वतः (sarvataḥ) - from all sides, everywhere

(indeclinable)

व्यकिरन् (vyakiran) - they scattered, they covered, they showered

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of vi-kṛ

Prefix: vi

Root: kṛ (class 6)

शरैः (śaraiḥ) - with arrows

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of śara

śara - arrow, reed