महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-164, verse-53

ते राज्ञा चोदिता वीरा योत्स्यमाना महारथाः ।
चतुर्धा वहिनीं कृत्वा त्वरिता द्रोणमभ्ययुः ॥५३॥

53. te rājñā coditā vīrā yotsyamānā mahārathāḥ ,
caturdhā vahinīṁ kṛtvā tvaritā droṇamabhyayuḥ.

53. te rājñā coditāḥ vīrāḥ yotsyamānāḥ mahārathāḥ
caturdhā vahinīm kṛtvā tvaritāḥ droṇam abhyayuḥ

53. rājñā coditāḥ yotsyamānāḥ te vīrāḥ mahārathāḥ
caturdhā vahinīm kṛtvā tvaritāḥ droṇam abhyayuḥ

53. Those mighty charioteers (mahāratha), urged by the king and ready to fight, swiftly divided their army into four divisions and advanced towards Droṇa.

Words meanings summery:

• ते (te) - they, those

• राज्ञा (rājñā) - by the king

• चोदिताः (coditāḥ) - urged, impelled, commanded

• वीराः (vīrāḥ) - heroes, warriors

• योत्स्यमानाः (yotsyamānāḥ) - about to fight, intending to fight, going to fight

• महारथाः (mahārathāḥ) - mighty charioteers, great warriors (mahāratha)

• चतुर्धा (caturdhā) - in four parts, in four ways, into four divisions

• वहिनीम् (vahinīm) - army, host

• कृत्वा (kṛtvā) - having done, having made, having formed

• त्वरिताः (tvaritāḥ) - swift, quick, hastened

• द्रोणम् (droṇam) - Drona (proper noun)

• अभ्ययुः (abhyayuḥ) - they advanced towards, they went towards

Words meanings and morphology

ते (te) - they, those

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those, he, she, it

राज्ञा (rājñā) - by the king

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, sovereign

चोदिताः (coditāḥ) - urged, impelled, commanded

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of codita

codita - urged, impelled, commanded, incited

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root cud (to urge, impel) in the 10th class.

Root: cud (class 10)

वीराः (vīrāḥ) - heroes, warriors

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vīra

vīra - hero, warrior, brave man

योत्स्यमानाः (yotsyamānāḥ) - about to fight, intending to fight, going to fight

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of yotsyamāna

yotsyamāna - about to fight, going to fight

Future Active Participle (Middle Voice)

Derived from root yudh (to fight) with future stem + śānac suffix.

Root: yudh (class 4)

महारथाः (mahārathāḥ) - mighty charioteers, great warriors (mahāratha)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of mahāratha

mahāratha - a great warrior, a mighty charioteer

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+ratha)

• mahā – great, mighty, large
  adjective
• ratha – chariot, charioteer, warrior in a chariot
  noun (masculine)

चतुर्धा (caturdhā) - in four parts, in four ways, into four divisions

(indeclinable)

Formed from 'catur' (four) with the suffix -dhā (meaning 'in N ways').

वहिनीम् (vahinīm) - army, host

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of vahinī

vahinī - army, host, division of an army

कृत्वा (kṛtvā) - having done, having made, having formed

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Formed from root kṛ (to do, make) with suffix -tvā.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

त्वरिताः (tvaritāḥ) - swift, quick, hastened

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tvarita

tvarita - quick, swift, hastened, speedy

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root tvar (to hasten, be quick).

Root: tvar (class 1)

द्रोणम् (droṇam) - Drona (proper noun)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of droṇa

droṇa - Drona (name of a warrior and teacher in the Mahabharata)

अभ्ययुः (abhyayuḥ) - they advanced towards, they went towards

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of abhi-i

Prefix: abhi

Root: i (class 2)