महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-164, verse-1

संजय उवाच ।
तस्मिंस्तथा वर्तमाने नराश्वगजसंक्षये ।
दुःशासनो महाराज धृष्टद्युम्नमयोधयत् ॥१॥

1. saṁjaya uvāca ,
tasmiṁstathā vartamāne narāśvagajasaṁkṣaye ,
duḥśāsano mahārāja dhṛṣṭadyumnamayodhayat.

1. sañjaya uvāca | tasmin tathā vartamāne narāśvagajasaṃkṣaye
| duḥśāsanaḥ mahārāja dhṛṣṭadyumnam ayodhayat

1. sañjaya uvāca: mahārāja,
tasmin narāśvagajasaṃkṣaye tathā vartamāne,
duḥśāsanaḥ dhṛṣṭadyumnam ayodhayat.

1. Sañjaya said: O great king, as such a great destruction of men, horses, and elephants was thus occurring, Duśśāsana engaged in battle with Dhṛṣṭadyumna.

Words meanings summery:

• सञ्जय (sañjaya) - Sañjaya (a proper name)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• तस्मिन् (tasmin) - in that (destruction) (in that, in him, in it)

• तथा (tathā) - thus, so, in that manner

• वर्तमाने (vartamāne) - occurring, taking place (being, existing, current, occurring)

• नराश्वगजसंक्षये (narāśvagajasaṁkṣaye) - in the destruction of men, horses, and elephants

• दुःशासनः (duḥśāsanaḥ) - Duśśāsana (a proper name, one of the Kauravas)

• महाराज (mahārāja) - (addressed to Dhṛtarāṣṭra) (O great king)

• धृष्टद्युम्नम् (dhṛṣṭadyumnam) - Dhṛṣṭadyumna (a proper name, the commander of the Pāṇḍava army)

• अयोधयत् (ayodhayat) - engaged in battle with (fought, caused to fight, attacked)

Words meanings and morphology

सञ्जय (sañjaya) - Sañjaya (a proper name)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sañjaya

sañjaya - Sañjaya (charioteer and narrator to Dhṛtarāṣṭra)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect Active

Root vac (2nd class), perfect stem uvāca.

Root: vac (class 2)

तस्मिन् (tasmin) - in that (destruction) (in that, in him, in it)

(pronoun)

Locative, masculine/neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, this, it

Note: Used in a locative absolute construction.

तथा (tathā) - thus, so, in that manner

(indeclinable)

From tad (that) + thā (manner suffix).

वर्तमाने (vartamāne) - occurring, taking place (being, existing, current, occurring)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine/neuter, singular of vartamāna

vartamāna - being, existing, present, current, occurring

Present Middle Participle

From root vṛt (to be, exist, turn) + māna (present participle suffix for middle voice).

Root: vṛt (class 1)

नराश्वगजसंक्षये (narāśvagajasaṁkṣaye) - in the destruction of men, horses, and elephants

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of narāśvagajasaṃkṣaya

narāśvagajasaṁkṣaya - destruction/annihilation of men, horses, and elephants

Dvandva compound of nara, aśva, gaja followed by Tatpurusha with saṃkṣaya.

Compound type : dvandva-tatpurusha (nara+aśva+gaja+saṃkṣaya)

• nara – man, human being
  noun (masculine)
• aśva – horse
  noun (masculine)
• gaja – elephant
  noun (masculine)
• saṃkṣaya – destruction, annihilation, loss
  noun (masculine)
  From prefix sam + root kṣi (to perish, destroy)
  Prefix: sam
  Root: kṣi (class 5)

Note: Used in a locative absolute construction.

दुःशासनः (duḥśāsanaḥ) - Duśśāsana (a proper name, one of the Kauravas)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of duḥśāsana

duḥśāsana - Duśśāsana (a proper name, a son of Dhṛtarāṣṭra)

Compound of dus (bad) + śāsana (ruler/command). Literally, 'badly ruling' or 'hard to rule'.

Root: śās (class 2)

महाराज (mahārāja) - (addressed to Dhṛtarāṣṭra) (O great king)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of mahārāja

mahārāja - great king, emperor

Compound of mahā (great) + rājan (king).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+rājan)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective
• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)
  Root: rāj

धृष्टद्युम्नम् (dhṛṣṭadyumnam) - Dhṛṣṭadyumna (a proper name, the commander of the Pāṇḍava army)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dhṛṣṭadyumna

dhṛṣṭadyumna - Dhṛṣṭadyumna (a proper name, son of Drupada, commander of Pāṇḍavas)

Compound of dhṛṣṭa (bold, daring) + dyumna (splendor, wealth). Literally, 'bold in splendor'.

अयोधयत् (ayodhayat) - engaged in battle with (fought, caused to fight, attacked)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of yudh

Imperfect Causative Active

Root yudh (4th class) + aya (causative suffix) + at (3rd person singular active ending) with augment a.

Root: yudh (class 4)