महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-164, verse-30

संजय उवाच ।
तं तथावादिनं तत्र राजानं माधवोऽब्रवीत् ।
एवंवृत्तं सदा क्षत्रं यद्धन्तीह गुरूनपि ॥३०॥

30. saṁjaya uvāca ,
taṁ tathāvādinaṁ tatra rājānaṁ mādhavo'bravīt ,
evaṁvṛttaṁ sadā kṣatraṁ yaddhantīha gurūnapi.

30. sañjaya uvāca | tam tathāvādinam tatra rājānam mādhavaḥ
abravīt | evaṃvṛttam sadā kṣatram yat hanti iha gurūn api

30. sañjaya uvāca tatra tathāvādinam tam rājānam mādhavaḥ
abravīt kṣatram sadā evaṃvṛttam yat iha gurūn api hanti

30. Sañjaya said: There, Mādhava spoke to the king who was speaking in that manner, saying, "The warrior (kṣatriya) class always behaves in this way, for it kills even its elders (gurus) here."

Words meanings summery:

• सञ्जय (sañjaya) - Sanjaya

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• तम् (tam) - to him, that (masculine singular accusative)

• तथावादिनम् (tathāvādinam) - speaking thus, speaking in that manner

• तत्र (tatra) - there, in that place

• राजानम् (rājānam) - to King Yudhiṣṭhira (to the king)

• माधवः (mādhavaḥ) - Kṛṣṇa (Mādhava (a name of Kṛṣṇa))

• अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - spoke, said

• एवंवृत्तम् (evaṁvṛttam) - thus behaved, behaving in such a manner

• सदा (sadā) - always, ever

• क्षत्रम् (kṣatram) - the warrior (kṣatriya) class (the warrior class, valor, dominion)

• यत् (yat) - in that it (which, in that, because)

• हन्ति (hanti) - kills (kills, strikes, slays)

• इह (iha) - here (in this situation/world) (here, in this world, in this case)

• गुरून् (gurūn) - elders, revered teachers (teachers, elders, venerable persons (accusative plural))

• अपि (api) - even (even, also, too)

Words meanings and morphology

सञ्जय (sañjaya) - Sanjaya

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sañjaya

sañjaya - victorious, conqueror; a proper name (Sanjaya, the charioteer of Dhritarashtra)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect past (lit) of vac

perfect tense

Perfect tense, 3rd person singular, active voice. Root 'vac' (to speak), irregular perfect form.

Root: vac (class 2)

तम् (tam) - to him, that (masculine singular accusative)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

तथावादिनम् (tathāvādinam) - speaking thus, speaking in that manner

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tathāvādin

tathāvādin - one who speaks thus, one who speaks in that manner

agent noun/adjective from verbal root

Derived from 'tathā' (thus) and 'vādin' (speaker, from root 'vad' - to speak).

Compound type : tatpurusha (tathā+vādin)

• tathā – thus, in that way
  indeclinable
• vādin – speaking, speaker, proclaiming
  adjective (masculine)
  agent noun/adjective (ṇini suffix)
  Derived from root 'vad' (to speak) with suffix -in.
  Root: vad (class 1)

Note: Modifies 'rājānam'.

तत्र (tatra) - there, in that place

(indeclinable)

राजानम् (rājānam) - to King Yudhiṣṭhira (to the king)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

माधवः (mādhavaḥ) - Kṛṣṇa (Mādhava (a name of Kṛṣṇa))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mādhava

mādhava - descendant of Madhu; a name for Kṛṣṇa or Viṣṇu

Derived from Madhu (an ancestor, or a demon killed by Kṛṣṇa) + aṇ (patronymic suffix).

अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - spoke, said

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect past (laṅ) of vac

imperfect past tense

Imperfect tense, 3rd person singular, active voice. Root 'vac' (to speak).

Root: vac (class 2)

एवंवृत्तम् (evaṁvṛttam) - thus behaved, behaving in such a manner

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of evaṃvṛtta

evaṁvṛtta - thus behaved, acting in such a manner

past passive participle

Compound of 'evam' (thus) and 'vṛtta' (behaved, from root 'vṛt' - to be, to turn).

Compound type : tatpurusha (evam+vṛtta)

• evam – thus, in this way
  indeclinable
• vṛtta – behaved, happened, occurred
  adjective (neuter)
  past passive participle
  From root 'vṛt' (to be, to turn, to exist).
  Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Modifies 'kṣatram'.

सदा (sadā) - always, ever

(indeclinable)

क्षत्रम् (kṣatram) - the warrior (kṣatriya) class (the warrior class, valor, dominion)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kṣatra

kṣatra - dominion, power, rule; the warrior or kṣatriya class

Note: This refers to the kṣatriya social class or its inherent nature/duty (dharma).

यत् (yat) - in that it (which, in that, because)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yad

yad - which, that, who

Note: Relative pronoun, introducing a clause explaining 'evaṃvṛttam kṣatram'.

हन्ति (hanti) - kills (kills, strikes, slays)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of han

present tense

Present tense, 3rd person singular, active voice, Pāṇinian dhātupāṭha class 2.

Root: han (class 2)

इह (iha) - here (in this situation/world) (here, in this world, in this case)

(indeclinable)

गुरून् (gurūn) - elders, revered teachers (teachers, elders, venerable persons (accusative plural))

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of guru

guru - teacher, spiritual preceptor, elder, heavy, venerable

Note: Object of 'hanti'.

अपि (api) - even (even, also, too)

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphasizes 'gurūn'.