महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-164, verse-153

तं शरैर्दशभिस्तीक्ष्णैश्चिच्छेद शिनिपुंगवः ।
पश्यतस्तव पुत्रस्य कर्णस्य च महात्मनः ।
ग्रस्तमाचार्यमुख्येन धृष्टद्युम्नममोचयत् ॥१५३॥

153. taṁ śarairdaśabhistīkṣṇaiściccheda śinipuṁgavaḥ ,
paśyatastava putrasya karṇasya ca mahātmanaḥ ,
grastamācāryamukhyena dhṛṣṭadyumnamamocayat.

153. tam śaraiḥ daśabhiḥ tīkṣṇaiḥ ciccheda
śinipuṅgavaḥ paśyataḥ tava putrasya
karṇasya ca mahātmanaḥ grastam
ācāryamukhyena dhṛṣṭadyumnam amocayat

153. śinipuṅgavaḥ tam daśabhiḥ tīkṣṇaiḥ
śaraiḥ ciccheda tava putrasya karṇasya
ca mahātmanaḥ paśyataḥ ācāryamukhyena
grastam dhṛṣṭadyumnam amocayat

153. The best of the Śinis (Sātyaki) cut it (Droṇa's arrow) with ten sharp arrows, while your son and the great-souled Karṇa watched. He (Sātyaki) rescued Dhṛṣṭadyumna, who had been seized by the chief of preceptors (guru) (Droṇa).

Words meanings summery:

• तम् (tam) - it (Drona's arrow/attack) (him, it (masculine singular accusative))

• शरैः (śaraiḥ) - with arrows

• दशभिः (daśabhiḥ) - with ten (by ten, with ten)

• तीक्ष्णैः (tīkṣṇaiḥ) - with sharp (arrows) (with sharp ones, with fierce ones)

• चिच्छेद (ciccheda) - he cut/countered (he cut, he severed)

• शिनिपुङ्गवः (śinipuṅgavaḥ) - the best of the Śinis (Sātyaki) (bull of the Shinis, best of the Shinis)

• पश्यतः (paśyataḥ) - while watching (of watching, while watching)

• तव (tava) - your (your, of you)

• पुत्रस्य (putrasya) - of your son (Duryodhana) (of the son)

• कर्णस्य (karṇasya) - of Karṇa

• च (ca) - and

• महात्मनः (mahātmanaḥ) - of the great-souled one (Karṇa) (of the great-souled, of the magnanimous)

• ग्रस्तम् (grastam) - seized (by Drona's attack) (seized, afflicted, swallowed)

• आचार्यमुख्येन (ācāryamukhyena) - by the chief of preceptors (guru) (Drona) (by the chief of preceptors, by the principal teacher)

• धृष्टद्युम्नम् (dhṛṣṭadyumnam) - Dhṛṣṭadyumna (Dhṛṣṭadyumna (proper name))

• अमोचयत् (amocayat) - he freed/rescued (he freed, he released)

Words meanings and morphology

तम् (tam) - it (Drona's arrow/attack) (him, it (masculine singular accusative))

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Object of `ciccheda`.

शरैः (śaraiḥ) - with arrows

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of śara

śara - arrow, reed

Note: Instrument of cutting.

दशभिः (daśabhiḥ) - with ten (by ten, with ten)

(numeral)

Note: Modifies `śaraiḥ`.

तीक्ष्णैः (tīkṣṇaiḥ) - with sharp (arrows) (with sharp ones, with fierce ones)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of tīkṣṇa

tīkṣṇa - sharp, keen, fierce, pungent

Note: Modifies `śaraiḥ`.

चिच्छेद (ciccheda) - he cut/countered (he cut, he severed)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (liṭ) of chid

Perfect 3rd singular active

Root: chid (class 7)

शिनिपुङ्गवः (śinipuṅgavaḥ) - the best of the Śinis (Sātyaki) (bull of the Shinis, best of the Shinis)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śinipuṅgava

śinipuṅgava - bull among Śinis (an epithet for Sātyaki)

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (śini+puṅgava)

• śini – Śini (ancestor, clan name)
  proper noun (masculine)
• puṅgava – bull (used to denote excellence or leader among a group)
  noun (masculine)

Note: Subject of `ciccheda` and `amocayat`.

पश्यतः (paśyataḥ) - while watching (of watching, while watching)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of paśyat

paśyat - seeing, watching (present active participle)

Present Active Participle

From root `dṛś` ('to see'), which uses `paś` stem in present tense.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Expresses simultaneous action (genitive absolute equivalent).

तव (tava) - your (your, of you)

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

Note: Refers to Dhṛtarāṣṭra, the listener.

पुत्रस्य (putrasya) - of your son (Duryodhana) (of the son)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of putra

putra - son

कर्णस्य (karṇasya) - of Karṇa

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of karṇa

karṇa - Karṇa (proper name), ear

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects Karṇa to Duryodhana.

महात्मनः (mahātmanaḥ) - of the great-souled one (Karṇa) (of the great-souled, of the magnanimous)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of mahātman

mahātman - great-souled, magnanimous, noble; the great (ātman)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (mahā+ātman)

• mahā – great
  adjective
• ātman – self, soul, spirit, essential nature
  noun (masculine)

Note: Adjective modifying `karṇasya`.

ग्रस्तम् (grastam) - seized (by Drona's attack) (seized, afflicted, swallowed)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of grasta

grasta - seized, caught, swallowed, eclipsed, afflicted

Past Passive Participle

From root `gras` ('to seize, swallow')

Root: gras (class 1)

Note: Modifies `dhṛṣṭadyumnam`.

आचार्यमुख्येन (ācāryamukhyena) - by the chief of preceptors (guru) (Drona) (by the chief of preceptors, by the principal teacher)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of ācāryamukhya

ācāryamukhya - chief preceptor, principal teacher

Compound type : karmadhāraya (ācārya+mukhya)

• ācārya – preceptor, teacher, guru
  noun (masculine)
• mukhya – chief, principal, foremost
  adjective (masculine)

Note: Agent of the passive participle `grastam`.

धृष्टद्युम्नम् (dhṛṣṭadyumnam) - Dhṛṣṭadyumna (Dhṛṣṭadyumna (proper name))

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dhṛṣṭadyumna

dhṛṣṭadyumna - Dhṛṣṭadyumna (Pāñcāla prince, son of Drupada)

Note: Object of `amocayat`.

अमोचयत् (amocayat) - he freed/rescued (he freed, he released)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of muc

Causative Imperfect 3rd singular active

Causative stem `mocaya` from root `muc` ('to release').

Root: muc (class 6)