महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-164, verse-57

कौरवेयांस्ततः पार्थः सहसा समुपाद्रवत् ।
पाञ्चालानेव तु द्रोणो धृष्टद्युम्नपुरोगमान् ॥५७॥

57. kauraveyāṁstataḥ pārthaḥ sahasā samupādravat ,
pāñcālāneva tu droṇo dhṛṣṭadyumnapurogamān.

57. kauraveyān tataḥ pārthaḥ sahasā samupādravat
pañcālān eva tu droṇaḥ dhṛṣṭadyumnapurogamān

57. tataḥ pārthaḥ sahasā kauraveyān samupādravat tu droṇaḥ
eva dhṛṣṭadyumnapurogamān pañcālān samupādravat

57. Then Pārtha (Arjuna) suddenly attacked the Kauravas, while Droṇa, for his part, rushed towards the Pañcālas led by Dhṛṣṭadyumna.

Words meanings summery:

• कौरवेयान् (kauraveyān) - the Kaurava warriors (the Kauravas (descendants of Kuru, specifically Duryodhana's faction))

• ततः (tataḥ) - then (sequence of events) (then, thence, therefore)

• पार्थः (pārthaḥ) - Arjuna (son of Pṛthā (Kuntī), an epithet of Arjuna)

• सहसा (sahasā) - suddenly (suddenly, violently, with force)

• समुपाद्रवत् (samupādravat) - he quickly attacked (he attacked, he rushed towards)

• पञ्चालान् (pañcālān) - the Pañcāla warriors (the Pañcālas)

• एव (eva) - just, precisely (emphasizing that Droṇa attacked *only* the Pañcālas or attacked *precisely* them) (just, only, indeed, certainly)

• तु (tu) - while, on the other hand (contrasting Droṇa's action with Arjuna's) (but, indeed, however, on the other hand)

• द्रोणः (droṇaḥ) - Droṇa

• धृष्टद्युम्नपुरोगमान् (dhṛṣṭadyumnapurogamān) - the Pañcālas led by Dhṛṣṭadyumna (those having Dhṛṣṭadyumna in front, led by Dhṛṣṭadyumna)

Words meanings and morphology

कौरवेयान् (kauraveyān) - the Kaurava warriors (the Kauravas (descendants of Kuru, specifically Duryodhana's faction))

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of kauraveya

kauraveya - a descendant of Kuru; belonging to the Kurus (adjective/noun)

Derived from Kuru with the patronymic suffix -eya

Note: Object of samupādravat.

ततः (tataḥ) - then (sequence of events) (then, thence, therefore)

(indeclinable)

पार्थः (pārthaḥ) - Arjuna (son of Pṛthā (Kuntī), an epithet of Arjuna)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pārtha

pārtha - son of Pṛthā (Kuntī); an epithet for Arjuna, Bhīmasena, and Yudhiṣṭhira

Patronymic from Pṛthā (Kuntī)

Note: Subject of samupādravat.

सहसा (sahasā) - suddenly (suddenly, violently, with force)

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverb modifying samupādravat.

समुपाद्रवत् (samupādravat) - he quickly attacked (he attacked, he rushed towards)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of dru

Imperfect Active

3rd person singular, Paras. Pada, Imperfect, root dru

Prefixes: sam+upa+ā

Root: dru (class 1)

Note: Action performed by Pārtha.

पञ्चालान् (pañcālān) - the Pañcāla warriors (the Pañcālas)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of pañcāla

pañcāla - a native of the Pañcāla country; the Pañcālas (plural)

Note: Object of implied verb 'rushed towards' (samupādravat).

एव (eva) - just, precisely (emphasizing that Droṇa attacked *only* the Pañcālas or attacked *precisely* them) (just, only, indeed, certainly)

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle.

तु (tu) - while, on the other hand (contrasting Droṇa's action with Arjuna's) (but, indeed, however, on the other hand)

(indeclinable)

द्रोणः (droṇaḥ) - Droṇa

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of droṇa

droṇa - Droṇa (a proper noun, name of a guru and warrior)

Note: Subject of implied verb.

धृष्टद्युम्नपुरोगमान् (dhṛṣṭadyumnapurogamān) - the Pañcālas led by Dhṛṣṭadyumna (those having Dhṛṣṭadyumna in front, led by Dhṛṣṭadyumna)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of dhṛṣṭadyumnapurogama

dhṛṣṭadyumnapurogama - having Dhṛṣṭadyumna as leader, led by Dhṛṣṭadyumna

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dhṛṣṭadyumna+purogama)

• dhṛṣṭadyumna – Dhṛṣṭadyumna (name of a Pañcāla prince, commander of Pāṇḍava army, destined to kill Droṇa)
  proper noun (masculine)
• purogama – going before, leading, preceded by, having as a chief
  adjective (masculine)
  From puras (before) + √gam (to go)
  Prefix: puras
  Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Qualifies pañcālān.