महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-164, verse-108

युधिष्ठिरात्तु तद्वाक्यं श्रुत्वा द्रोणो महारथः ।
पुत्रव्यसनसंतप्तो निराशो जीवितेऽभवत् ॥१०८॥

108. yudhiṣṭhirāttu tadvākyaṁ śrutvā droṇo mahārathaḥ ,
putravyasanasaṁtapto nirāśo jīvite'bhavat.

108. yudhiṣṭhirāt tu tat vākyam śrutvā droṇaḥ mahārathaḥ
putravyasanasaṃtaptaḥ nirāśaḥ jīvite abhavat

108. tu droṇaḥ mahārathaḥ yudhiṣṭhirāt tat vākyam śrutvā
putravyasanasaṃtaptaḥ jīvite nirāśaḥ abhavat

108. But the great chariot-warrior (mahāratha) Drona, having heard that statement from Yudhishthira, became tormented by the calamity regarding his son and despaired of life.

Words meanings summery:

• युधिष्ठिरात् (yudhiṣṭhirāt) - from Yudhishthira

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

• तत् (tat) - that statement (that, that one)

• वाक्यम् (vākyam) - statement, word, speech

• श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard

• द्रोणः (droṇaḥ) - Drona (a name)

• महारथः (mahārathaḥ) - great chariot-warrior, great hero

• पुत्रव्यसनसंतप्तः (putravyasanasaṁtaptaḥ) - afflicted by the grief for his son, tormented by the calamity of his son

• निराशः (nirāśaḥ) - hopeless, despairing

• जीविते (jīvite) - in life

• अभवत् (abhavat) - became, was

Words meanings and morphology

युधिष्ठिरात् (yudhiṣṭhirāt) - from Yudhishthira

(proper noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - Yudhishthira (lit. 'steady in battle')

तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

(indeclinable)

तत् (tat) - that statement (that, that one)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

वाक्यम् (vākyam) - statement, word, speech

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vākya

vākya - word, sentence, statement, speech

Root: vac (class 2)

श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Derived from root śru (to hear)

Root: śru (class 5)

द्रोणः (droṇaḥ) - Drona (a name)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of droṇa

droṇa - Drona (preceptor of the Kauravas and Pandavas)

महारथः (mahārathaḥ) - great chariot-warrior, great hero

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahāratha

mahāratha - a great warrior, one who can fight single-handedly against many chariots

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+ratha)

• mahā – great, mighty, large
  adjective
• ratha – chariot, warrior (especially one who fights from a chariot)
  noun (masculine)

पुत्रव्यसनसंतप्तः (putravyasanasaṁtaptaḥ) - afflicted by the grief for his son, tormented by the calamity of his son

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of putravyasanasaṃtapta

putravyasanasaṁtapta - afflicted by the calamity concerning his son

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (putra+vyasana+saṃtapta)

• putra – son, child
  noun (masculine)
• vyasana – calamity, misfortune, distress, grief
  noun (neuter)
  Prefix: vi
  Root: as (class 4)
• saṃtapta – heated, tormented, distressed, afflicted
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root tap with prefix sam-
  Prefix: sam
  Root: tap (class 1)

निराशः (nirāśaḥ) - hopeless, despairing

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nirāśa

nirāśa - hopeless, despairing, despondent

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (nir+āśā)

• nir – without, out, away
  indeclinable
• āśā – hope, expectation, desire
  noun (feminine)
  Prefix: ā
  Root: aś (class 5)

जीविते (jīvite) - in life

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of jīvita

jīvita - life, living, lived

Past Passive Participle (substantivized)

Derived from root jīv (to live)

Root: jīv (class 1)

अभवत् (abhavat) - became, was

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of bhū

Root: bhū (class 1)