महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-164, verse-22

अथ दुर्योधनो राजा सात्यकिं प्रत्यभाषत ।
प्रियं सखायं सततं गर्हयन्वृत्तमात्मनः ॥२२॥

22. atha duryodhano rājā sātyakiṁ pratyabhāṣata ,
priyaṁ sakhāyaṁ satataṁ garhayanvṛttamātmanaḥ.

22. atha duryodhanaḥ rājā sātyakim prati abhāṣata
priyam sakhāyam satatam garhayan vṛttam ātmanaḥ

22. atha rājā duryodhanaḥ priyam sakhāyam sātyakim
ātmanaḥ vṛttam satatam garhayan prati abhāṣata

22. Then King Duryodhana spoke to Sātyaki, his dear friend, constantly blaming his own conduct (ātman).

Words meanings summery:

• अथ (atha) - then, now, thereupon

• दुर्योधनः (duryodhanaḥ) - King Duryodhana (Duryodhana)

• राजा (rājā) - king

• सात्यकिम् (sātyakim) - Sātyaki

• प्रति (prati) - in response to (implied by the verb 'abhāṣata') (towards, against, in reply to, in return for)

• अभाषत (abhāṣata) - spoke, addressed

• प्रियम् (priyam) - dear, beloved, pleasing, agreeable

• सखायम् (sakhāyam) - friend, companion, ally

• सततम् (satatam) - constantly, always, perpetually, continuously

• गर्हयन् (garhayan) - blaming, reproaching, condemning

• वृत्तम् (vṛttam) - conduct, behavior, action, event

• आत्मनः (ātmanaḥ) - of oneself, his own, of the self (ātman)

Words meanings and morphology

अथ (atha) - then, now, thereupon

(indeclinable)

दुर्योधनः (duryodhanaḥ) - King Duryodhana (Duryodhana)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of duryodhana

duryodhana - Duryodhana (name of the eldest Kaurava prince); one hard to fight with; a bad warrior

Prefix: dur

Root: yudh (class 4)

राजा (rājā) - king

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, sovereign, ruler, prince

सात्यकिम् (sātyakim) - Sātyaki

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of sātyaki

sātyaki - Sātyaki (name of a Vṛṣṇi warrior, also known as Yuyudhāna, a close friend of Arjuna and Kṛṣṇa)

प्रति (prati) - in response to (implied by the verb 'abhāṣata') (towards, against, in reply to, in return for)

(indeclinable)

अभाषत (abhāṣata) - spoke, addressed

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, past imperfect (laṅ) of bhāṣ

Imperfect

root bhāṣ (1st class, Ātmanepada), prefixed with 'a-' for imperfect

Prefix: a

Root: bhāṣ (class 1)

प्रियम् (priyam) - dear, beloved, pleasing, agreeable

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of priya

priya - dear, beloved, pleasing, agreeable, favourite; a friend; a husband

सखायम् (sakhāyam) - friend, companion, ally

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of sakhi

sakhi - friend, companion, comrade, ally

सततम् (satatam) - constantly, always, perpetually, continuously

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of satata

satata - constant, perpetual, continuous, eternal; constantly, always

Note: Used adverbially here

गर्हयन् (garhayan) - blaming, reproaching, condemning

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of garh

garh - to blame, censure, reproach, find fault with

Present Active Participle

derived from the root garh (1st class, Parasmaipada)

Root: garh (class 1)

वृत्तम् (vṛttam) - conduct, behavior, action, event

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vṛtta

vṛtta - happened, occurred, past; conduct, course of action, behavior, event, occurrence

Past Passive Participle

derived from root vṛt

Root: vṛt (class 1)

आत्मनः (ātmanaḥ) - of oneself, his own, of the self (ātman)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of ātman

ātman - soul, self, spirit, essence, life, mind, principle of life and sensation