महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-164, verse-145

विरथः स गृहीत्वा तु खड्गं खड्गभृतां वरः ।
द्रोणमभ्यपतद्राजन्वैनतेय इवोरगम् ॥१४५॥

145. virathaḥ sa gṛhītvā tu khaḍgaṁ khaḍgabhṛtāṁ varaḥ ,
droṇamabhyapatadrājanvainateya ivoragam.

145. virathaḥ sa gṛhītvā tu khaḍgaṃ khaḍgabhṛtām varaḥ
droṇam abhyapatat rājan vainateyaḥ iva uragam

145. rājan,
virathaḥ sa khaḍgabhṛtām varaḥ tu khaḍgaṃ gṛhītvā vainateyaḥ uragam iva droṇam abhyapatat.

145. O King, deprived of his chariot, he, the best among sword-bearers, seized a sword and charged at Drona, just as Vinatā's son (Garuda) charges at a serpent.

Words meanings summery:

• विरथः (virathaḥ) - chariots-less, deprived of a chariot

• स (sa) - that Dhṛṣṭadyumna (that, he)

• गृहीत्वा (gṛhītvā) - having taken, having seized

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

• खड्गं (khaḍgaṁ) - sword

• खड्गभृताम् (khaḍgabhṛtām) - of sword-bearers, among those who bear swords

• वरः (varaḥ) - best, excellent, choicest

• द्रोणम् (droṇam) - Drona

• अभ्यपतत् (abhyapatat) - he rushed towards, he charged at

• राजन् (rājan) - O king

• वैनतेयः (vainateyaḥ) - Garuda, son of Vinata (son of Vinata (Garuda))

• इव (iva) - like, as, as if

• उरगम् (uragam) - snake, serpent

Words meanings and morphology

विरथः (virathaḥ) - chariots-less, deprived of a chariot

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of viratha

viratha - deprived of a chariot, chariots-less

Bahuvrīhi compound, 'devoid of chariot'.

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (vi+ratha)

• vi – without, deprived of, separated
  indeclinable
• ratha – chariot, car
  noun (masculine)

Note: Agrees with 'sa' (he, Dhṛṣṭadyumna).

स (sa) - that Dhṛṣṭadyumna (that, he)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Sandhi form of saḥ, refers to Dhṛṣṭadyumna.

गृहीत्वा (gṛhītvā) - having taken, having seized

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Formed from root grah with suffix -ītvā.

Root: grah (class 9)

तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

(indeclinable)

खड्गं (khaḍgaṁ) - sword

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of khaḍga

khaḍga - sword, scimitar

खड्गभृताम् (khaḍgabhṛtām) - of sword-bearers, among those who bear swords

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of khaḍgabhṛt

khaḍgabhṛt - sword-bearer, one who carries a sword

Compound: khaḍga (sword) + bhṛt (bearing, carrying, from root bhṛ).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (khaḍga+bhṛt)

• khaḍga – sword, scimitar
  noun (masculine)
• bhṛt – bearing, carrying, supporting
  adjective
  Present Active Participle suffix
  Derived from root bhṛ (to bear, carry).
  Root: bhṛ (class 1)

Note: Used in superlative sense with 'varaḥ'.

वरः (varaḥ) - best, excellent, choicest

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vara

vara - excellent, best, choicest, boon

Note: Often used in compounds or with genitive to mean 'best of'.

द्रोणम् (droṇam) - Drona

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of droṇa

droṇa - Drona (name of a warrior and teacher in Mahabharata)

Note: Object of the verb abhyapatat.

अभ्यपतत् (abhyapatat) - he rushed towards, he charged at

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of pat

Imperfect (Laṅ)

Root pat with upasarga abhi- and augment a- for imperfect tense, 3rd person singular ending.

Prefix: abhi

Root: pat (class 1)

राजन् (rājan) - O king

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Note: Used in direct address by the narrator to a king, likely Dhritarashtra.

वैनतेयः (vainateyaḥ) - Garuda, son of Vinata (son of Vinata (Garuda))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vainateya

vainateya - son of Vinata, Garuda (the divine eagle mount of Vishnu)

Patronymic from Vinatā.

Note: Used as a simile, known for preying on serpents.

इव (iva) - like, as, as if

(indeclinable)

उरगम् (uragam) - snake, serpent

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of uraga

uraga - snake, serpent (literally 'chest-goer')

Note: Object of the implied action of 'rushing at' or 'preying on' (from the simile).