महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-164, verse-102

निहतो युधि विक्रम्य ततोऽहं द्रोणमब्रुवम् ।
अश्वत्थामा हतो ब्रह्मन्निवर्तस्वाहवादिति ॥१०२॥

102. nihato yudhi vikramya tato'haṁ droṇamabruvam ,
aśvatthāmā hato brahmannivartasvāhavāditi.

102. nihataḥ yudhi vikramya tataḥ aham droṇam abruvam
| aśvatthāmā hataḥ brahman nivartasva āhavāt iti

102. aham yudhi vikramya nihataḥ tataḥ droṇam abruvam
brahman aśvatthāmā hataḥ iti āhavāt nivartasva

102. After fighting valiantly in battle, I then told Droṇa, 'Aśvatthāman has been killed, O Brahmin! Withdraw from the combat.'

Words meanings summery:

• निहतः (nihataḥ) - killed (killed, slain, struck down)

• युधि (yudhi) - in battle (in battle, in fight, in war)

• विक्रम्य (vikramya) - having fought valiantly (having exerted prowess, having acted bravely, having strode forth)

• ततः (tataḥ) - then (then, thence, from that)

• अहम् (aham) - I (Yudhiṣṭhira) (I)

• द्रोणम् (droṇam) - Droṇa (Droṇa (name of a preceptor))

• अब्रुवम् (abruvam) - I told (I said, I spoke)

• अश्वत्थामा (aśvatthāmā) - Aśvatthāman (Aśvatthāman (name of Droṇa's son))

• हतः (hataḥ) - has been killed (killed, slain, struck down)

• ब्रह्मन् (brahman) - O Brahmin (addressing Droṇa) (O Brahmin, O learned one)

• निवर्तस्व (nivartasva) - withdraw (from combat) (turn back, retreat, desist)

• आहवात् (āhavāt) - from the combat (from battle, from war)

• इति (iti) - thus (marking the end of a quote) (thus, so, in this manner)

Words meanings and morphology

निहतः (nihataḥ) - killed (killed, slain, struck down)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nihata

nihata - killed, slain, struck down

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root `han` (to strike, kill) with prefix `ni`.

Prefix: ni

Root: han (class 2)

युधि (yudhi) - in battle (in battle, in fight, in war)

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of yudh

yudh - battle, fight, war

विक्रम्य (vikramya) - having fought valiantly (having exerted prowess, having acted bravely, having strode forth)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Formed from `vi` + root `kram` (to step, stride).

Prefix: vi

Root: kram (class 1)

ततः (tataḥ) - then (then, thence, from that)

(indeclinable)

अहम् (aham) - I (Yudhiṣṭhira) (I)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of asmad

asmad - I, me

द्रोणम् (droṇam) - Droṇa (Droṇa (name of a preceptor))

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of droṇa

droṇa - Droṇa (name of a preceptor); bucket; a measure of grain

अब्रुवम् (abruvam) - I told (I said, I spoke)

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of bru

Imperfect (Laṅ-lakāra), 1st person singular, active voice

Augment 'a' + root `bru` + ending `vam`.

Root: bru (class 2)

अश्वत्थामा (aśvatthāmā) - Aśvatthāman (Aśvatthāman (name of Droṇa's son))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of aśvatthāman

aśvatthāman - Aśvatthāman (son of Droṇa)

Note: Root `sthā` (to stand) with `aśva` (horse) + `tāman` (strength/light) or `sthāmā` (steadfastness/power). A composite name.

हतः (hataḥ) - has been killed (killed, slain, struck down)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of hata

hata - killed, slain, struck down

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root `han` (to strike, kill).

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Used predicatively with aśvatthāmā.

ब्रह्मन् (brahman) - O Brahmin (addressing Droṇa) (O Brahmin, O learned one)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of brahman

brahman - Brahmin, priest, one who knows (brahman)

Note: This is the masculine noun for a priest, not the neuter `brahman` referring to the Absolute.

निवर्तस्व (nivartasva) - withdraw (from combat) (turn back, retreat, desist)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, middle, imperative (loṭ) of nivart

Imperative (Loṭ-lakāra), 2nd person singular, middle voice

From prefix `ni` + root `vṛt` (to turn) + middle voice imperative ending `sva`.

Prefix: ni

Root: vṛt (class 1)

आहवात् (āhavāt) - from the combat (from battle, from war)

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of āhava

āhava - battle, war, combat

From `ā` + root `hu` (to invoke, sacrifice) or `hū` (to call).

Root: hū (class 3)

Note: The ablative case indicates 'from' or 'out of'.

इति (iti) - thus (marking the end of a quote) (thus, so, in this manner)

(indeclinable)