महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-164, verse-111

तं दृष्ट्वा परमोद्विग्नं शोकोपहतचेतसम् ।
पाञ्चालराजस्य सुतो धृष्टद्युम्नः समाद्रवत् ॥१११॥

111. taṁ dṛṣṭvā paramodvignaṁ śokopahatacetasam ,
pāñcālarājasya suto dhṛṣṭadyumnaḥ samādravat.

111. tam dṛṣṭvā paramodvignam śokopahatacetasam
pāñcālarājasya sutaḥ dhṛṣṭadyumnaḥ samādravat

111. pāñcālarājasya sutaḥ dhṛṣṭadyumnaḥ tam
paramodvignam śokopahatacetasam dṛṣṭvā samādravat

111. Having seen him utterly distressed and with his mind overcome by sorrow, Dhṛṣṭadyumna, the son of the king of Pañcāla, rushed forth.

Words meanings summery:

• तम् (tam) - referring to Droṇa (him)

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

• परमोद्विग्नम् (paramodvignam) - greatly agitated, extremely distressed

• शोकोपहतचेतसम् (śokopahatacetasam) - whose mind is struck by grief, sorrow-stricken mind

• पाञ्चालराजस्य (pāñcālarājasya) - of the king of Pañcāla

• सुतः (sutaḥ) - son

• धृष्टद्युम्नः (dhṛṣṭadyumnaḥ) - Dhrishtadyumna

• समाद्रवत् (samādravat) - rushed forward, attacked

Words meanings and morphology

तम् (tam) - referring to Droṇa (him)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

From root 'dṛś'

Root: dṛś (class 1)

परमोद्विग्नम् (paramodvignam) - greatly agitated, extremely distressed

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of paramodvigna

paramodvigna - greatly agitated, extremely distressed

Compound type : karmadhāraya (parama+udvigna)

• parama – highest, supreme, greatest
  adjective (masculine/feminine/neuter)
• udvigna – agitated, distressed, perturbed
  adjective (masculine/feminine/neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root 'vij' with prefix 'ud'
  Prefix: ud
  Root: vij (class 6)

शोकोपहतचेतसम् (śokopahatacetasam) - whose mind is struck by grief, sorrow-stricken mind

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of śokopahatacetas

śokopahatacetas - whose mind is struck by grief

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (śoka+upahata+cetas)

• śoka – grief, sorrow
  noun (masculine)
• upahata – struck, afflicted, injured
  adjective (masculine/feminine/neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root 'han' with prefix 'upa'
  Prefix: upa
  Root: han (class 2)
• cetas – mind, intellect, consciousness
  noun (neuter)

पाञ्चालराजस्य (pāñcālarājasya) - of the king of Pañcāla

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of pāñcālarāja

pāñcālarāja - king of Pañcāla

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (pāñcāla+rāja)

• pāñcāla – Pañcāla (a region/people)
  proper noun (masculine)
• rāja – king
  noun (masculine)

सुतः (sutaḥ) - son

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of suta

suta - son, born of

धृष्टद्युम्नः (dhṛṣṭadyumnaḥ) - Dhrishtadyumna

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dhṛṣṭadyumna

dhṛṣṭadyumna - Dhrishtadyumna (proper name)

समाद्रवत् (samādravat) - rushed forward, attacked

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, Past Imperfect (laṅ) of samādru

From root 'dru' with prefixes 'sam' and 'ā'

Prefixes: sam+ā

Root: dru (class 1)