महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-164, verse-48

संकुले वर्तमाने तु राजा धर्मसुतोऽब्रवीत् ।
पाञ्चालानां नरव्याघ्रान्मत्स्यानां च नरर्षभान् ॥४८॥

48. saṁkule vartamāne tu rājā dharmasuto'bravīt ,
pāñcālānāṁ naravyāghrānmatsyānāṁ ca nararṣabhān.

48. saṃkule vartamāne tu rājā dharmasutaḥ abravīt
pāñcālānām naravyāghrān matsyānām ca nararṣabhān

48. tu saṃkule vartamāne rājā dharmasutaḥ pāñcālānām
naravyāghrān matsyānām ca nararṣabhān abravīt

48. While the tumult was ongoing, King Yudhishthira, the son of (dharma), addressed the foremost warriors of the Pañcālas and the Matsyas.

Words meanings summery:

• संकुले (saṁkule) - in the tumult (in the tumult, in the confusion, in the crowd)

• वर्तमाने (vartamāne) - ongoing (being present, existing, ongoing)

• तु (tu) - and (but, indeed, and, on the other hand)

• राजा (rājā) - King (Yudhishthira) (king, ruler)

• धर्मसुतः (dharmasutaḥ) - son of dharma (Yudhishthira) (son of Dharma, Yudhishthira)

• अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - addressed (he spoke, he said)

• पाञ्चालानाम् (pāñcālānām) - to the Pañcālas (of the Pañcālas)

• नरव्याघ्रान् (naravyāghrān) - foremost warriors (from Pañcāla) (tiger-like men, best of men, excellent men)

• मत्स्यानाम् (matsyānām) - to the Matsyas (of the Matsyas)

• च (ca) - and

• नरर्षभान् (nararṣabhān) - foremost warriors (from Matsya) (bull-like men, foremost of men, excellent men)

Words meanings and morphology

संकुले (saṁkule) - in the tumult (in the tumult, in the confusion, in the crowd)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of saṃkula

saṁkula - tumultuous, crowded, confused, turmoil, crowd

From root kul (to collect, accumulate) with prefix sam-.

Prefix: sam

Root: kul (class 1)

वर्तमाने (vartamāne) - ongoing (being present, existing, ongoing)

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, singular of vartamāna

vartamāna - being, existing, present, current, ongoing

Present Middle Participle

Formed from root vṛt (to be, exist, turn) with participle suffix -māna.

Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Agrees with `saṃkule` (neuter, singular, locative).

तु (tu) - and (but, indeed, and, on the other hand)

(indeclinable)

राजा (rājā) - King (Yudhishthira) (king, ruler)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler, sovereign

Root: rāj (class 1)

Note: Refers to Yudhishthira.

धर्मसुतः (dharmasutaḥ) - son of dharma (Yudhishthira) (son of Dharma, Yudhishthira)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dharmasuta

dharmasuta - son of (dharma) (Dharma), son of righteousness (Yudhishthira)

Compound.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dharma+suta)

• dharma – natural law, intrinsic nature, constitution, righteousness, duty
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• suta – son, born, child
  noun (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle (from sū)
  Formed from root sū (to bear, produce) with kta suffix.
  Root: sū (class 2)

Note: Refers to Yudhishthira.

अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - addressed (he spoke, he said)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of brū

Imperfect tense, Parasmaipada

Formed from root brū (to speak) in the imperfect tense (laṅ). The initial 'a' is an augment for past tense.

Root: brū (class 2)

पाञ्चालानाम् (pāñcālānām) - to the Pañcālas (of the Pañcālas)

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of pāñcāla

pāñcāla - a king of the Pañcāla country, a descendant of Pañcāla, the country Pañcāla

नरव्याघ्रान् (naravyāghrān) - foremost warriors (from Pañcāla) (tiger-like men, best of men, excellent men)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of naravyāghra

naravyāghra - tiger-like among men, a man who is a tiger, a chief among men, excellent man

Compound.

Compound type : karmadhāraya (nara+vyāghra)

• nara – man, person, hero
  noun (masculine)
  Root: nṛ (class 1)
• vyāghra – tiger
  noun (masculine)

Note: Object of `abravīt`.

मत्स्यानाम् (matsyānām) - to the Matsyas (of the Matsyas)

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of matsya

matsya - a king of the Matsyas, a person of the Matsya country, the country Matsya, fish

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Note: Used twice to connect the list of items.

नरर्षभान् (nararṣabhān) - foremost warriors (from Matsya) (bull-like men, foremost of men, excellent men)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of nararṣabha

nararṣabha - bull-like among men, a man who is a bull, chief among men, excellent man

Compound.

Compound type : karmadhāraya (nara+ṛṣabha)

• nara – man, person, hero
  noun (masculine)
  Root: nṛ (class 1)
• ṛṣabha – bull, chief, excellent, best
  noun (masculine)

Note: Object of `abravīt`.