महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-164, verse-15

धृष्टद्युम्नस्तु तान्हित्वा तव राजन्रथर्षभान् ।
यमाभ्यां वारितान्दृष्ट्वा शीघ्रास्त्रो द्रोणमभ्ययात् ॥१५॥

15. dhṛṣṭadyumnastu tānhitvā tava rājanratharṣabhān ,
yamābhyāṁ vāritāndṛṣṭvā śīghrāstro droṇamabhyayāt.

15. dhṛṣṭadyumnaḥ tu tān hitvā tava rājan rathaṛṣabhān
yamābhyām vāritān dṛṣṭvā śīghrāstraḥ droṇam abhyayāt

15. rājan dhṛṣṭadyumnaḥ tu yamābhyām vāritān tava
rathaṛṣabhān dṛṣṭvā tān hitvā śīghrāstraḥ droṇam abhyayāt

15. But Dhṛṣṭadyumna, O King, having observed your finest charioteers being obstructed by the two Yamas (Nakula and Sahadeva), abandoned his previous engagement and, skilled with swift weapons, advanced towards Droṇa.

Words meanings summery:

• धृष्टद्युम्नः (dhṛṣṭadyumnaḥ) - Dhṛṣṭadyumna

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

• तान् (tān) - the enemy warriors or the current engagement (those)

• हित्वा (hitvā) - having abandoned his previous engagement/target (having left, having abandoned)

• तव (tava) - your

• राजन् (rājan) - O King

• रथऋषभान् (rathaṛṣabhān) - your excellent charioteers (the best of charioteers, excellent charioteers)

• यमाभ्याम् (yamābhyām) - by Nakula and Sahadeva, the twin Pāṇḍavas (by the two Yamas)

• वारितान् (vāritān) - being obstructed (obstructed, stopped, checked)

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen, having perceived

• शीघ्रास्त्रः (śīghrāstraḥ) - swift-weaponed, having swift weapons

• द्रोणम् (droṇam) - towards Droṇa

• अभ्ययात् (abhyayāt) - approached, went towards

Words meanings and morphology

धृष्टद्युम्नः (dhṛṣṭadyumnaḥ) - Dhṛṣṭadyumna

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dhṛṣṭadyumna

dhṛṣṭadyumna - Dhṛṣṭadyumna (name of a warrior, son of Drupada)

तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

(indeclinable)

तान् (tān) - the enemy warriors or the current engagement (those)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

हित्वा (hitvā) - having abandoned his previous engagement/target (having left, having abandoned)

(indeclinable)

absolutiv/gerund

formed with suffix -ktvā

Root: hā (class 3)

तव (tava) - your

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you, your

राजन् (rājan) - O King

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king

रथऋषभान् (rathaṛṣabhān) - your excellent charioteers (the best of charioteers, excellent charioteers)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of rathaṛṣabha

rathaṛṣabha - best of chariots, excellent charioteer

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (ratha+ṛṣabha)

• ratha – chariot
  noun (masculine)
• ṛṣabha – bull, excellent, best
  noun (masculine)

यमाभ्याम् (yamābhyām) - by Nakula and Sahadeva, the twin Pāṇḍavas (by the two Yamas)

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, dual of yama

yama - Yama (god of death), twin

वारितान् (vāritān) - being obstructed (obstructed, stopped, checked)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of vārita

vārita - obstructed, stopped, prevented

Past Passive Participle

causative of 'vṛ' (to cover, enclose)

Root: vṛ (class 10)

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen, having perceived

(indeclinable)

absolutiv/gerund

formed with suffix -ktvā

Root: dṛś (class 1)

शीघ्रास्त्रः (śīghrāstraḥ) - swift-weaponed, having swift weapons

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śīghrāstra

śīghrāstra - swift-weaponed

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (śīghra+astra)

• śīghra – swift, quick, fast
  adjective
• astra – missile, weapon
  noun (neuter)

द्रोणम् (droṇam) - towards Droṇa

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of droṇa

droṇa - Droṇa (name of a preceptor)

अभ्ययात् (abhyayāt) - approached, went towards

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect past (laṅ) of abhi-i

Prefix: abhi

Root: i (class 2)