महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-164, verse-143

ते हता न्यपतन्भूमौ धृष्टद्युम्नस्य वाजिनः ।
शोणाश्च पर्यमुच्यन्त रथबन्धाद्विशां पते ॥१४३॥

143. te hatā nyapatanbhūmau dhṛṣṭadyumnasya vājinaḥ ,
śoṇāśca paryamucyanta rathabandhādviśāṁ pate.

143. te hatā nyapatan bhūmau dhṛṣṭadyumnasya vājinaḥ
śoṇāḥ ca paryamucyanta rathabandhāt viśāṃ pate

143. viśāṃ pate,
dhṛṣṭadyumnasya te hatāḥ vājinaḥ bhūmau nyapatan.
ca śoṇāḥ rathabandhāt paryamucyanta.

143. Those slain horses of Dhrishtadyumna fell to the ground. And, O lord of the people, the red horses were released from their chariot bonds.

Words meanings summery:

• ते (te) - those horses (those, they)

• हता (hatā) - slain, killed

• न्यपतन् (nyapatan) - they fell down

• भूमौ (bhūmau) - on the ground, on the earth

• धृष्टद्युम्नस्य (dhṛṣṭadyumnasya) - of Dhrishtadyumna

• वाजिनः (vājinaḥ) - horses

• शोणाः (śoṇāḥ) - red horses (red, reddish (horses))

• च (ca) - and

• पर्यमुच्यन्त (paryamucyanta) - they were released, they were set free

• रथबन्धात् (rathabandhāt) - from the chariot bonds, from the chariot harness

• विशां (viśāṁ) - of the people, of the subjects

• पते (pate) - O lord, O master

Words meanings and morphology

ते (te) - those horses (those, they)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the horses (vājinaḥ).

हता (hatā) - slain, killed

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of hata

hata - killed, struck, slain

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root han with suffix -ta.

Root: han (class 2)

न्यपतन् (nyapatan) - they fell down

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of pat

Imperfect (Laṅ)

Root pat with upasarga ni- and augment a- for imperfect tense, 3rd person plural ending.

Prefix: ni

Root: pat (class 1)

भूमौ (bhūmau) - on the ground, on the earth

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of bhūmi

bhūmi - earth, ground, land

धृष्टद्युम्नस्य (dhṛṣṭadyumnasya) - of Dhrishtadyumna

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of dhṛṣṭadyumna

dhṛṣṭadyumna - Dhṛṣṭadyumna (a son of Drupada, commander of the Pandava army)

वाजिनः (vājinaḥ) - horses

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vājin

vājin - horse, strong, swift

Derived from vāja (strength, speed) with suffix -in.

Note: Synonym for aśva.

शोणाः (śoṇāḥ) - red horses (red, reddish (horses))

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of śoṇa

śoṇa - red, crimson

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

पर्यमुच्यन्त (paryamucyanta) - they were released, they were set free

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, past imperfect (laṅ) of muc

Imperfect (Laṅ) Middle Voice

Root muc with upasarga pari- and augment a- for imperfect tense, 3rd person plural ending. Middle voice here indicates passive sense 'they were released'.

Prefix: pari

Root: muc (class 6)

रथबन्धात् (rathabandhāt) - from the chariot bonds, from the chariot harness

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of rathabandha

rathabandha - chariot-bond, chariot-harness

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (ratha+bandha)

• ratha – chariot, car
  noun (masculine)
• bandha – bond, fetter, tying
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root bandh.
  Root: bandh (class 9)

विशां (viśāṁ) - of the people, of the subjects

(noun)

Genitive, feminine, plural of viś

viś - people, subjects, community

Note: Often used in address to a king, 'O Lord of the people'.

पते (pate) - O lord, O master

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of pati

pati - lord, master, husband

Note: Used in direct address.