महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-164, verse-43

तत्राभ्यधिकमालक्ष्य माधवं रथसत्तमम् ।
क्षिप्रमभ्यपतत्कर्णः परीप्संस्तनयं तव ॥४३॥

43. tatrābhyadhikamālakṣya mādhavaṁ rathasattamam ,
kṣipramabhyapatatkarṇaḥ parīpsaṁstanayaṁ tava.

43. tatra abhyadhikam ālakṣya mādhavaṃ rathasattamam
kṣipram abhyapatat karṇaḥ parīpsan tanayaṃ tava

43. tatra rathasattamam mādhavaṃ abhyadhikam ālakṣya
karṇaḥ tava tanayaṃ parīpsan kṣipram abhyapatat

43. There, perceiving Mādhava (Kṛṣṇa), the best of charioteers (rathasattama), to be exceedingly powerful, Karṇa quickly rushed forward, desiring to protect your son.

Words meanings summery:

• तत्र (tatra) - there, in that place

• अभ्यधिकम् (abhyadhikam) - exceedingly powerful/superior (referring to Mādhava's prowess) (excessively, exceedingly, superior, more)

• आलक्ष्य (ālakṣya) - having seen, having perceived, having noticed

• माधवं (mādhavaṁ) - Kṛṣṇa (Krishna, descendent of Madhu)

• रथसत्तमम् (rathasattamam) - the best of charioteers

• क्षिप्रम् (kṣipram) - quickly, swiftly, immediately

• अभ्यपतत् (abhyapatat) - rushed against, fell upon, attacked

• कर्णः (karṇaḥ) - Karna (a character in the Mahabharata)

• परीप्सन् (parīpsan) - wishing to protect (desiring to obtain, wishing to protect)

• तनयं (tanayaṁ) - son, offspring

• तव (tava) - your

Words meanings and morphology

तत्र (tatra) - there, in that place

(indeclinable)

Derived from 'tad' (that) + 'tra' suffix indicating place.

अभ्यधिकम् (abhyadhikam) - exceedingly powerful/superior (referring to Mādhava's prowess) (excessively, exceedingly, superior, more)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of abhyadhika

abhyadhika - excessive, abundant, superior, more

Compound of 'abhi' (towards, over) and 'adhika' (more, superior).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (abhi+adhika)

• abhi – towards, over, exceedingly
  indeclinable
  Preposition/prefix
• adhika – more, superior, abundant
  adjective

Note: Agrees with 'Mādhavaṃ'. Can also be adverbial.

आलक्ष्य (ālakṣya) - having seen, having perceived, having noticed

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Derived from root 'lakṣ' (to see, perceive) with prefix 'ā' and suffix 'lyap'.

Prefix: ā

Root: lakṣ (class 1)

Note: Modifies the action of 'abhyapatat'.

माधवं (mādhavaṁ) - Kṛṣṇa (Krishna, descendent of Madhu)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of mādhava

mādhava - descendant of Madhu, name of Kṛṣṇa

Note: Object of 'ālakṣya'.

रथसत्तमम् (rathasattamam) - the best of charioteers

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of rathasattama

rathasattama - best of chariots or charioteers

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (ratha+sattama)

• ratha – chariot, charioteer
  noun (masculine)
• sattama – best, most excellent
  adjective
  Superlative suffix 'tama'.

Note: Appositive to 'Mādhavaṃ'.

क्षिप्रम् (kṣipram) - quickly, swiftly, immediately

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverb modifying 'abhyapatat'.

अभ्यपतत् (abhyapatat) - rushed against, fell upon, attacked

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of abhipat

Imperfect 3rd singular active of root 'pat' (to fall) with prefix 'abhi'.

Prefix: abhi

Root: pat (class 1)

Note: Main verb of the sentence.

कर्णः (karṇaḥ) - Karna (a character in the Mahabharata)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of karṇa

karṇa - ear; name of a character in the Mahabharata

Note: Subject of 'abhyapatat'.

परीप्सन् (parīpsan) - wishing to protect (desiring to obtain, wishing to protect)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of parīpsat

parīpsat - desiring to obtain, wishing to protect

Present Active Participle (Desiderative)

Derived from desiderative of root 'āp' (to obtain) with prefix 'pari' (around, completely) and 'śatṛ' (at) suffix.

Prefix: pari

Root: āp (class 5)

Note: Describes Karṇa's intention.

तनयं (tanayaṁ) - son, offspring

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tanaya

tanaya - son, offspring

Note: Object of 'parīpsan'.

तव (tava) - your

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you (pronoun)

Note: Refers to Dhṛtarāṣṭra.