महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-164, verse-73

अश्वत्थामेति हि गजः ख्यातो नाम्ना हतोऽभवत् ।
कृत्वा मनसि तं भीमो मिथ्या व्याहृतवांस्तदा ॥७३॥

73. aśvatthāmeti hi gajaḥ khyāto nāmnā hato'bhavat ,
kṛtvā manasi taṁ bhīmo mithyā vyāhṛtavāṁstadā.

73. aśvatthāmā iti hi gajaḥ khyātaḥ nāmnā hataḥ abhavat
kṛtvā manasi tam bhīmaḥ mithyā vyāhṛtavān tadā

73. hi gajaḥ aśvatthāmā iti nāmnā khyātaḥ hataḥ abhavat
bhīmaḥ tam manasi kṛtvā tadā mithyā vyāhṛtavān

73. Indeed, an elephant known by the name Ashwatthaman (Aśvatthāmā) had been killed. Bearing that fact in mind, Bhima then spoke falsely.

Words meanings summery:

• अश्वत्थामा (aśvatthāmā) - The name of the elephant (Ashwatthaman)

• इति (iti) - introducing a specific mention/name (thus, so, in this way)

• हि (hi) - indeed (indeed, because, for)

• गजः (gajaḥ) - the elephant from the previous verse (elephant)

• ख्यातः (khyātaḥ) - known by name (known, renowned, famous)

• नाम्ना (nāmnā) - by name, by reputation

• हतः (hataḥ) - dead (killed, slain)

• अभवत् (abhavat) - had been (killed) (became, was)

• कृत्वा (kṛtvā) - having taken, having considered (having done, having made)

• मनसि (manasi) - in his (Bhima's) mind (in the mind, in thought)

• तम् (tam) - that fact (about the elephant) (that, him)

• भीमः (bhīmaḥ) - Bhima, the speaker (Bhima)

• मिथ्या (mithyā) - untruthfully, deceptively (falsely, untruly, incorrectly)

• व्याहृतवान् (vyāhṛtavān) - he spoke (the false statement) (he spoke, he said)

• तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

Words meanings and morphology

अश्वत्थामा (aśvatthāmā) - The name of the elephant (Ashwatthaman)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of aśvatthāman

aśvatthāman - Ashwatthaman (name of Drona's son, and an elephant)

Note: Nom. sing. form for a-stem n-ending noun.

इति (iti) - introducing a specific mention/name (thus, so, in this way)

(indeclinable)

हि (hi) - indeed (indeed, because, for)

(indeclinable)

Note: An emphatic or causal particle

गजः (gajaḥ) - the elephant from the previous verse (elephant)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of gaja

gaja - elephant

ख्यातः (khyātaḥ) - known by name (known, renowned, famous)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of khyāta

khyāta - known, renowned, famous

Past Passive Participle

From √khyā (to be known, to tell)

Root: khyā (class 2)

Note: Agrees with gajaḥ

नाम्ना (nāmnā) - by name, by reputation

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of nāman

nāman - name, appellation

Note: Functions adverbially

हतः (hataḥ) - dead (killed, slain)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of hata

hata - killed, slain, struck

Past Passive Participle

From √han (to strike, kill)

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Agrees with gajaḥ

अभवत् (abhavat) - had been (killed) (became, was)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of √bhū

Imperfect Tense, Parasamaipada

3rd person singular, active voice

Root: bhū (class 1)

कृत्वा (kṛtvā) - having taken, having considered (having done, having made)

(indeclinable)

absolutive (gerund)

formed from √kṛ (to do, make)

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Absolutive or Gerund

मनसि (manasi) - in his (Bhima's) mind (in the mind, in thought)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of manas

manas - mind, intellect, thought

तम् (tam) - that fact (about the elephant) (that, him)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

भीमः (bhīmaḥ) - Bhima, the speaker (Bhima)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhīma

bhīma - fearful, terrible, Bhima

Root: √bhī (class 3)

मिथ्या (mithyā) - untruthfully, deceptively (falsely, untruly, incorrectly)

(indeclinable)

व्याहृतवान् (vyāhṛtavān) - he spoke (the false statement) (he spoke, he said)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vyāhṛtavat

vyāhṛtavat - spoken, uttered

Past Active Participle

From vi + ā + √hṛ (to say, speak), with suffix -vat

Prefixes: vi+ā

Root: hṛ (class 1)

Note: Used as a finite verb (kṛtya pratyaya)

तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

(indeclinable)