महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-164, verse-104

द्रोणाय निहतं शंस राजञ्शारद्वतीसुतम् ।
त्वयोक्तो नैष युध्येत जातु राजन्द्विजर्षभः ।
सत्यवान्हि नृलोकेऽस्मिन्भवान्ख्यातो जनाधिप ॥१०४॥

104. droṇāya nihataṁ śaṁsa rājañśāradvatīsutam ,
tvayokto naiṣa yudhyeta jātu rājandvijarṣabhaḥ ,
satyavānhi nṛloke'sminbhavānkhyāto janādhipa.

104. droṇāya nihatam śaṃsa rājan śāradvatī-sutam
| tvayā uktaḥ na eṣa yudhyeta
jātu rājan dvija-ṛṣabhaḥ | satyavān hi
nṛloke asmin bhavān khyātaḥ janādhipa

104. rājan droṇāya śāradvatī-sutam nihatam
śaṃsa rājan tvayā uktaḥ eṣa
dvija-ṛṣabhaḥ jātu na yudhyeta hi janādhip
bhavān asmin nṛloke satyavān khyātaḥ

104. O King, tell Droṇa that Śāradvatī's son (Aśvatthāman) has been killed. If it is said by you, O King, this most excellent Brahmin (Droṇa) will certainly not fight again. For you, O lord of men, are indeed known in this human world as one who speaks the truth.

Words meanings summery:

• द्रोणाय (droṇāya) - to Droṇa (to Droṇa, for Droṇa)

• निहतम् (nihatam) - has been killed (killed, slain)

• शंस (śaṁsa) - tell (tell, declare, report)

• राजन् (rājan) - O King (Yudhiṣṭhira) (O king)

• शारद्वती-सुतम् (śāradvatī-sutam) - Śāradvatī's son (Aśvatthāman) (son of Śāradvatī)

• त्वया (tvayā) - by you (Yudhiṣṭhira) (by you)

• उक्तः (uktaḥ) - if said (spoken, said)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• एष (eṣa) - this (Droṇa) (this, this one, he)

• युध्येत (yudhyeta) - will fight (might fight, would fight)

• जातु (jātu) - certainly (never) (ever, at any time, certainly)

• राजन् (rājan) - O King (Yudhiṣṭhira) (O king)

• द्विज-ऋषभः (dvija-ṛṣabhaḥ) - most excellent Brahmin (Droṇa) (bull among the twice-born, best of Brahmins)

• सत्यवान् (satyavān) - one who speaks the truth (truthful, possessing truth)

• हि (hi) - for, indeed (for, indeed, because)

• नृलोके (nṛloke) - in this human world (in the world of men, in the human world)

• अस्मिन् (asmin) - in this

• भवान् (bhavān) - you (Yudhiṣṭhira) (you (respectful), sir)

• ख्यातः (khyātaḥ) - known (known, famous, renowned)

• जनाधिप (janādhipa) - O lord of men (Yudhiṣṭhira) (O lord of people, O ruler of men)

Words meanings and morphology

द्रोणाय (droṇāya) - to Droṇa (to Droṇa, for Droṇa)

(proper noun)

Dative, masculine, singular of droṇa

droṇa - Droṇa (name of a preceptor); bucket; a measure of grain

निहतम् (nihatam) - has been killed (killed, slain)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of nihata

nihata - killed, slain, struck down

Past Passive Participle

From `ni` + root `han` (to strike, kill).

Prefix: ni

Root: han (class 2)

शंस (śaṁsa) - tell (tell, declare, report)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of śaṃs

Imperative (Loṭ-lakāra), 2nd person singular, active voice

Root `śaṃs` + imperative ending `hi` (which drops).

Root: śaṃs (class 1)

Note: Commands Yudhiṣṭhira.

राजन् (rājan) - O King (Yudhiṣṭhira) (O king)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

शारद्वती-सुतम् (śāradvatī-sutam) - Śāradvatī's son (Aśvatthāman) (son of Śāradvatī)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of śāradvatī-suta

śāradvatī-suta - son of Śāradvatī (Aśvatthāman)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (śāradvatī+suta)

• śāradvatī – Kṛpī (wife of Droṇa)
  proper noun (feminine)
• suta – son, born, produced
  noun (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root `sū` (to bring forth, bear).
  Root: sū (class 2)

Note: Object of `śaṃsa` and agrees with `nihatam`.

त्वया (tvayā) - by you (Yudhiṣṭhira) (by you)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

उक्तः (uktaḥ) - if said (spoken, said)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ukta

ukta - spoken, said, told

Past Passive Participle

From root `vac` (to speak).

Root: vac (class 2)

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

Note: Negates the verb `yudhyeta`.

एष (eṣa) - this (Droṇa) (this, this one, he)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of etad

etad - this, this one

युध्येत (yudhyeta) - will fight (might fight, would fight)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, optative (liṅ) of yudh

Optative (Liṅ-lakāra), 3rd person singular, middle voice

Root `yudh` + optative ending `īta`.

Root: yudh (class 4)

जातु (jātu) - certainly (never) (ever, at any time, certainly)

(indeclinable)

राजन् (rājan) - O King (Yudhiṣṭhira) (O king)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

द्विज-ऋषभः (dvija-ṛṣabhaḥ) - most excellent Brahmin (Droṇa) (bull among the twice-born, best of Brahmins)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dvija-ṛṣabha

dvija-ṛṣabha - bull among the twice-born, chief of Brahmins, best Brahmin

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dvija+ṛṣabha)

• dvija – twice-born (Brahmin, Kṣatriya, Vaiśya); bird; tooth
  noun (masculine)
  Born a second time (e.g., through initiation)
  Prefix: dvi
  Root: jan (class 4)
• ṛṣabha – bull, best, excellent, chief
  noun (masculine)

Note: Appositive to `eṣa`, referring to Droṇa.

सत्यवान् (satyavān) - one who speaks the truth (truthful, possessing truth)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of satyavat

satyavat - truthful, veracious, honest, possessing truth

Formed with suffix `matup` (vat) meaning 'possessing'.

Note: Qualifies `bhavān`.

हि (hi) - for, indeed (for, indeed, because)

(indeclinable)

नृलोके (nṛloke) - in this human world (in the world of men, in the human world)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of nṛloka

nṛloka - world of men, human world

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nṛ+loka)

• nṛ – man, human being
  noun (masculine)
• loka – world, realm, people
  noun (masculine)
  Root: lok (class 10)

Note: Locative case 'in the world'.

अस्मिन् (asmin) - in this

(pronoun)

Locative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, this one

Note: Agrees with `nṛloke`.

भवान् (bhavān) - you (Yudhiṣṭhira) (you (respectful), sir)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhavat

bhavat - you (respectful term), sir, your honor

Present active participle from root `bhū` (to be, become), used as a pronoun.

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: The verb `khyātaḥ` (PPP) agrees in gender, number, case.

ख्यातः (khyātaḥ) - known (known, famous, renowned)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of khyāta

khyāta - known, famous, renowned, proclaimed

Past Passive Participle

From root `khyā` (to tell, relate, be known).

Root: khyā (class 2)

जनाधिप (janādhipa) - O lord of men (Yudhiṣṭhira) (O lord of people, O ruler of men)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of janādhipa

janādhipa - lord of people, ruler of men, king

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (jana+adhipa)

• jana – people, person, mankind
  noun (masculine)
  Root: jan (class 4)
• adhipa – lord, ruler, master
  noun (masculine)